The ESO SupJup Survey I: Chemical and isotopic characterisation of the late L-dwarf DENIS J0255-4700 with CRIRES${}^{+}$

Abstract

It has been proposed that the distinct formation and evolution of exoplanets and brown dwarfs may affect the chemical and isotopic content of their atmospheres. Recent work has indeed shown differences in the ${}^{12}$C/${}^{13}$C isotope ratio, provisionally attributed to the top-down formation of brown dwarfs and the core accretion pathway of super-Jupiters. The ESO SupJup Survey aims to disentangle the formation pathways of isolated brown dwarfs and planetary-mass companions using chemical and isotopic tracers. The survey uses high-resolution spectroscopy with the recently upgraded VLT/CRIRES${}^{+}$ spectrograph, covering a total of 49 targets. Here, we present the first results: an atmospheric characterisation of DENIS J0255-4700, an isolated brown dwarf near the L-T transition. We analyse its K-band spectrum using a retrieval framework where the radiative transfer code petitRADTRANS is coupled to PyMultiNest. Gaussian Processes are employed to model inter-pixel correlations and we adopt an updated parameterisation of the PT-profile. Abundances of CO, H${}_2$O, CH${}_4$, and NH${}_3$ are retrieved for this fast-rotating L-dwarf. The ExoMol H${}_2$O line list provides a significantly better fit than that of HITEMP. A free-chemistry retrieval is strongly favoured over equilibrium chemistry, caused by an under-abundance of CH${}_4$. The free-chemistry retrieval constrains a super-solar C/O-ratio of $\sim 0.68$ and a solar metallicity. We find tentative evidence ($\sim 3\sigma$) for the presence of ${}^{13}$CO, with a constraint on the isotope ratio of ${}^{12}\mathrm{C}{/}^{13}\mathrm{C}=184_{-40}^{+61}$ and a lower limit of $\gtrsim 97$, suggesting a depletion of ${}^{13}$C compared to the interstellar medium ($\sim 68$). High-resolution, high signal-to-noise K-band spectra provide an excellent means to constrain the chemistry and isotopic content of sub-stellar objects, as is the main objective of the ESO SupJup Survey.

arXiv commentSubmitted to A&A

References in corpus (160)

• MultiNest: an efficient and robust Bayesian inference tool for cosmology and particle physics
• A new extensive library of PHOENIX stellar atmospheres and synthetic spectra
• X-ray spectral modelling of the AGN obscuring region in the CDFS: Bayesian model selection and catalogue
• The Limiting Effects of Dust in Brown Dwarf Model Atmospheres
• The effects of snowlines on C/O in planetary atmospheres
• Importance Nested Sampling and the MultiNest Algorithm
• The orbital motion, absolute mass, and high-altitude winds of exoplanet HD209458b
• Precipitating Condensation Clouds in Substellar Atmospheres
• The chemical make-up of the Sun: A 2020 vision
• The Evolution of L and T Dwarfs in Color-Magnitude Diagrams
• An Infrared Spectroscopic Sequence of M, L and T Dwarfs
• ExoMol molecular line lists XXX: a complete high-accuracy line list for water
• petitRADTRANS: a Python radiative transfer package for exoplanet characterization and retrieval
• BANYAN. XI. The BANYAN $\Sigma$ multivariate Bayesian algorithm to identify members of young associations within 150 pc
• A self-consistent, absolute isochronal age scale for young moving groups in the solar neighbourhood
• Chemical Equilibrium Abundances in Brown Dwarf and Extrasolar Giant Planet Atmospheres
• A Unified Near Infrared Spectral Classification Scheme for T Dwarfs
• Towards Spectral Classification of L and T Dwarfs: Infrared and Optical Spectroscopy and Analysis
• C/O ratio as a Dimension for Characterizing Exoplanetary Atmospheres
• Rotation and Activity in Mid-M to L Dwarfs
• The signature of orbital motion from the dayside of the planet tau Bootis b
• Meeting the Cool New Neighbors V: A 2MASS-Selected Sample of Ultracool Dwarfs
• The fast spin-rotation of a young extrasolar planet
• The Star-formation History and Accretion-Disk Fraction Among the K-Type Members of the Scorpius-Centaurus OB Association
• The imprint of exoplanet formation history on observable present-day spectra of hot Jupiters
• L and T Dwarf Models and the L to T Transition
• Clouds and Chemistry: Ultracool Dwarf Atmospheric Properties from Optical and Infrared Colors
• A Near-Infrared Spectroscopic Study of Young Field Ultracool Dwarfs
• Pulkovo Compilation of Radial Velocities for 35495 Hipparcos Stars in a Common System
• Atmospheric Parameters of Field L and T Dwarfs
• How to Distinguish between Cloudy Mini-Neptunes and Water/Volatile-Dominated Super-Earths
• ExoMol line lists III: An improved hot rotation-vibration line list for HCN and HNC
• Nightside condensation of iron in an ultra-hot giant exoplanet
• An atmospheric radiation model for Cerro Paranal. I. The optical spectral range
• Young L Dwarfs Identified in the Field: A Preliminary Low-Gravity, Optical Spectral Sequence from L0 to L5
• Masses, Radii, and Cloud Properties of the HR 8799 Planets
• Atmospheric Chemistry in Giant Planets, Brown Dwarfs, and Low-Mass Dwarf Stars II. Sulfur and Phosphorus
• Population Properties of Brown Dwarf Analogs to Exoplanets
• Chromospheric Activity, Rotation, and Rotational Braking in M and L Dwarfs
• Fingering convection and cloudless models for cool brown dwarf atmospheres
• Atmospheric Chemistry in Giant Planets, Brown Dwarfs, and Low-Mass Dwarf Stars III. Iron, Magnesium, and Silicon
• A companion to AB Pic at the planet/brown dwarf boundary
• Brown Dwarfs and the TW Hya Association
• Rotation and winds of exoplanet HD 189733 b measured with high-dispersion transmission spectroscopy
• An Effective Temperature Scale for Late M and L Dwarfs, from Resonance Absorption Lines of CsI and RbI
• ExoMol molecular line lists XXXV: a rotation-vibration line list for hot ammonia
• Dynamics and Disequilibrium Carbon Chemistry in Hot Jupiter Atmospheres, With Application to HD 209458b
• A statistical test for Nested Sampling algorithms
• Improved HCN/HNC linelist, model atmospheres and synthetic spectra for WZ Cas
• An accurate, extensive, and practical line list of methane for the HITEMP database
• Methane, Carbon Monoxide, and Ammonia in Brown Dwarfs and Self-Luminous Giant Planets
• BANYAN. VII. A New Population of Young Substellar Candidate Members of Nearby Moving Groups from the BASS Survey
• Retrieving scattering clouds and disequilibrium chemistry in the atmosphere of HR 8799e
• A Patchy Cloud Model for the L to T Dwarf Transition
• On the Cool Side: Modeling the Atmospheres of Brown Dwarfs and Giant Planets
• Detection of Fe I in the atmosphere of the ultra-hot Jupiter WASP-121b, and a new likelihood-based approach for Doppler-resolved spectroscopy
• Strong Brightness Variations Signal Cloudy-to-Clear Transition of Brown Dwarfs
• An advanced scattered moonlight model for Cerro Paranal
• Observing transiting planets with JWST -- Prime targets and their synthetic spectral observations
• Tracing the formation history of giant planets in protoplanetary disks with Carbon, Oxygen, Nitrogen and Sulphur
• Cloudless atmospheres for L/T dwarfs and extra-solar giant planets
• Water Clouds in Y Dwarfs and Exoplanets
• Discovery of a Binary Brown Dwarf at 2 Parsecs from the Sun
• Identifying Young Brown Dwarfs Using Gravity-Sensitive Spectral Features
• A solar C/O and sub-solar metallicity in a hot Jupiter atmosphere
• Four nearby L dwarfs
• Quenching of Carbon Monoxide and Methane in the Atmospheres of Cool Brown Dwarfs and Hot Jupiters
• Five carbon- and nitrogen-bearing species in a hot giant planet's atmosphere
• A self-consistent cloud model for brown dwarfs and young giant exoplanets: comparison with photometric and spectroscopic observations
• Uniform Atmospheric Retrieval Analysis of Ultracool Dwarfs I: Characterizing Benchmarks, Gl570D and HD3651B
• Hot Exoplanet Atmospheres Resolved with Transit Spectroscopy (HEARTS) IV. A spectral inventory of atoms and molecules in the high-resolution transmission spectrum of WASP-121 b
• The evolution of CNO isotopes: a new window on cosmic star-formation history and the stellar IMF in the age of ALMA
• The Gemini NICI Planet-Finding Campaign: Discovery of a Close Substellar Companion to the Young Debris Disk Star PZ Tel
• Three Wide Planetary-Mass Companions to FW Tau, ROXs 12, and ROXs 42B
• Peering into the formation history of beta Pictoris b with VLTI/GRAVITY long baseline interferometry
• Constructing A Flexible Likelihood Function For Spectroscopic Inference
• First light of the VLT planet finder SPHERE. II. The physical properties and the architecture of the young systems PZ Tel and HD 1160 revisited
• MIRACLES: atmospheric characterization of directly imaged planets and substellar companions at 4-5 $\mu$m. I. Photometric analysis of $\beta$ Pic b, HIP 65426 b, PZ Tel B and HD 206893 B
• SpeX Spectroscopy of Unresolved Very Low Mass Binaries. II. Identification of Fourteen Candidate Binaries with Late-M/Early-L and T Dwarf Components
• A Candidate Substellar Companion to CoD -33 7795 (TWA 5)
• Direct imaging discovery of 12-14 Jupiter mass object orbiting a young binary system of very low-mass stars
• A framework to combine low- and high-resolution spectroscopy for the atmospheres of transiting exoplanets
• A Young Brown Dwarf Companion to DH Tauri
• The Gemini NICI Planet-Finding Campaign : Discovery of a Substellar L Dwarf Companion to the Nearby Young M Dwarf CD-35 2722
• The Solar Neighborhood. XXXIII. Parallax Results from the CTIOPI 0.9m Program: Trigonometric Parallaxes of Nearby Low-Mass Active and Young Systems
• The 13O-rich atmosphere of a young accreting super-Jupiter
• Spectroscopic rotational velocities of brown dwarfs
• Uniform Atmospheric Retrieval Analysis of Ultracool Dwarfs II: Properties of 11 T-dwarfs
• Discovery of a Young Substellar Companion in Chamaeleon
• Planets Around Low-Mass Stars (PALMS). III. A Young Dusty L Dwarf Companion at the Deuterium-Burning Limit
• The D/H ratio in the atmospheres of Uranus and Neptune from Herschel PACS observations
• Composition of Early Planetary Atmospheres I: Connecting Disk Astrochemistry to the Formation of Planetary Atmospheres
• A New Window into Planet Formation and Migration: Refractory-to-Volatile Elemental Ratios in Ultra-hot Jupiters
• Spectroscopic analysis of southern B and Be stars
• 1 to 2.4 micron Near-IR spectrum of the Giant Planet $\beta$ Pictoris b obtained with the Gemini Planet Imager
• Re-examining the membership and origin of the Epsilon Cha association
• The slow spin of the young sub-stellar companion GQ Lupi b and its orbital configuration
• The Nearby, Young, Argus Association: Membership, Age, and Dusty Debris Disks
• Observations of Disequilibrium CO Chemistry in the Coldest Brown Dwarfs
• Discovery of a Wide Binary Brown Dwarf Born in Isolation
• Resolved Near-Infrared Spectroscopy of WISE J104915.57-531906.1AB: A Flux-Reversal Binary at the L dwarf/T dwarf Transition
• The Gemini NICI Planet-Finding Campaign: Discovery of a Multiple System Orbiting the Young A Star HD 1160
• Chemical Diversity in Protoplanetary Disks and Its Impact on the Formation History of Giant Planets
• The mass of Beta Pictoris c from Beta Pictoris b orbital motion
• The SPHINX M-dwarf Spectral Grid. I. Benchmarking New Model Atmospheres to Derive Fundamental M-Dwarf Properties
• Detecting isotopologues in exoplanet atmospheres using ground-based high-dispersion spectroscopy
• Relative abundance constraints from high-resolution optical transmission spectroscopy of WASP-121b, and a fast model-filtering technique for accelerating retrievals
• CRIRES${}^{+}$ on sky at the ESO Very Large Telescope
• The ARCiS framework for Exoplanet Atmospheres: The Cloud Transport Model
• An independent analysis of the brown dwarf atmosphere monitoring (BAM) data: large-amplitude variability is rare outside the L/T transition
• The Brown dwarf Atmosphere Monitoring (BAM) Project I: The largest near-IR monitoring survey of L- & T-dwarfs
• Radial Velocity Measurements of HR 8799 b and c with Medium Resolution Spectroscopy
• Two Directly Imaged, Wide-orbit Giant Planets around the Young, Solar Analog TYC 8998-760-1
• Spectroscopy across the brown dwarf/planetary mass boundary - I. Near-infrared JHK spectra
• A Clear View of a Cloudy Brown Dwarf Companion from High-Resolution Spectroscopy
• Detection of Fe and evidence for TiO in the dayside emission spectrum of WASP-33b
• Retrieval survey of metals in six ultra-hot Jupiters: Trends in chemistry, rain-out, ionisation and atmospheric dynamics
• Probing the Extent of Vertical Mixing in Brown Dwarf Atmospheres with Disequilibrium Chemistry
• On the Composition of Young, Directly Imaged Giant Planets
• Towards Precise Ages and Masses of Free Floating Planetary Mass Brown Dwarfs
• The Young Suns Exoplanet Survey: Detection of a wide orbit planetary mass companion to a solar-type Sco-Cen member
• Large Interferometer For Exoplanets (LIFE): V. Diagnostic potential of a mid-infrared space-interferometer for studying Earth analogs
• ALMA Measurements of Circumstellar Material in the GQ Lup System
• Further Evidence for Chemical Fractionation from Ultraviolet Observations of Carbon Monoxide
• The 12CO/13CO isotopologue ratio of a young, isolated brown dwarf. Possibly distinct formation pathways of super-Jupiters and brown dwarfs
• Near-infrared integral-field spectra of the planet/brown dwarf companion AB Pic b
• Atmospheric variability driven by radiative cloud feedback in brown dwarfs and directly imaged extrasolar giant planets
• Heterogeneity in ${}^{12}$CO/${}^{13}$CO Ratios Toward Solar-Type Young Stellar Objects
• Neural posterior estimation for exoplanetary atmospheric retrieval
• SSSPMJ0829-1309: A new nearby L dwarf detected in SuperCOSMOS Sky Surveys
• BANYAN. VI. Discovery of a companion at the brown dwarf/planet-mass limit to a Tucana-Horologium M dwarf
• Peering into the Young Planetary System AB Pic. Atmosphere, Orbit, Obliquity & Second Planetary Candidate
• A Search for FeH in Hot-Jupiter Atmospheres with High-Dispersion Spectroscopy
• The large-scale disk fraction of brown dwarfs in the Taurus cloud as measured with Spitzer
• Retrieval Study of Brown Dwarfs Across the L-T Sequence
• Exoplanet atmosphere retrievals in 3D using phase curve data with ARCiS: application to WASP-43b
• Uniform Forward-Modeling Analysis of Ultracool Dwarfs. I. Methodology and Benchmarking
• Discovery of a brown dwarf companion to the star HIP 64892
• Updated astrometry and masses of the LUH 16 brown dwarf binary
• The Young Substellar Companion ROXs 12 B: Near-Infrared Spectrum, System Architecture, and Spin-Orbit Misalignment
• A 1.46-2.48 $\mu$m Spectroscopic Atlas of a T6 Dwarf (1060 K) Atmosphere with IGRINS: First Detections of H${}_2$S and H${}_2$, and Verification of H${}_2$O, CH${}_4$, and NH${}_3$ Line Lists
• Characterizing the protolunar disk of the accreting companion GQ Lupi B
• An Atmospheric Retrieval of the Brown Dwarf Gliese 229B
• Auto-Differentiable Spectrum Model for High-Dispersion Characterization of Exoplanets and Brown Dwarfs
• Convolutional neural networks as an alternative to Bayesian retrievals
• The Age of the Carina Young Association and Potential Membership of HD 95086
• Retrieval of the dayside atmosphere of WASP-43b with CRIRES+
• Jet Streams and Tracer Mixing in the Atmospheres of Brown Dwarfs and Isolated Young Giant Planets
• Chemical Evolution in a Protoplanetary Disk within Planet Carved Gaps and Dust Rings
• Towards Robust Atmospheric Retrieval on Cloudy L Dwarfs: The Impact of Thermal and Abundance Profile Assumptions
• Characterizing HR3549B using SPHERE
• A quantitative assessment of the VO line list: Inaccuracies hamper high-resolution VO detections in exoplanet atmospheres
• Near Infrared Observations of GQ Lup b Using the Gemini Integral Field Spectrograph NIFS
• SCExAO and GPI $YJH$ Band Photometry and Integral Field Spectroscopy of the Young Brown Dwarf Companion to HD 1160
• Discovery of a low-mass companion around HR3549
• A Rotation Rate for the Planetary-Mass Companion DH Tau b
• Unusual Isotopic Abundances in a Fully-Convective Stellar Binary
• Characterising brown dwarf companions with IRDIS long-slit spectroscopy: HD 1160 B and HD 19467 B
• Dynamical Mass of the Young Brown Dwarf Companion PZ Tel B
• Orbital motion of the young brown dwarf companion TWA 5 B

Cited by in corpus (19)

• The ESO SupJup Survey III: Confirmation of 13CO in YSES 1 b and Atmospheric Detection of YSES 1 c with CRIRES+
• JOYS+ study of solid state ${}^{12}$C/${}^{13}$C isotope ratios in protostellar envelopes: Observations of CO and CO${}_2$ ice with JWST
• The ESO SupJup Survey II: The 12C/13C ratios of three young brown dwarfs with CRIRES${}^{+}$
• The ESO SupJup Survey IV. Unveiling the carbon isotope ratio of GQ Lup B and its host star
• The JWST Weather Report: retrieving temperature variations, auroral heating, and static cloud coverage on SIMP-0136
• Atmospheric characterization of the super-Jupiter HIP 99770 b with KPIC
• The ESO SupJup Survey VII: Clouds and line asymmetries in CRIRES${}^{+}$ J-band spectra of the Luhman 16 binary
• The compositions of the HR 8799 planets reflect accretion of both solids and metal-enriched gas
• Multi-modal atmospheric characterization of $\beta$ Pictoris b: Adding high-resolution continuum spectra from GRAVITY
• Exomoon search with VLTI/GRAVITY around the substellar companion HD 206893 B
• The ESO SupJup Survey VIII. Chemical fingerprints of young L dwarf twins
• Chemical evolution imprints in the rare isotopes of nearby M dwarfs
• The $\text{MSG}$ model for cloudy substellar atmospheres: A grid of self-consistent substellar atmosphere models with microphysical cloud formation
• Disentangling disc and atmospheric signatures of young brown dwarfs with JWST/NIRSpec
• The Wanderer: Charting WASP-77A b's Formation and Migration Using a System-Wide Inventory of Carbon and Oxygen Abundances
• A 1.48-2.48 $\mu$m R=28000 spectroscopic atlas of the L7.5 and T0.5 components of the nearest pair of brown dwarfs: Luhman 16AB
• JWST-TST High Contrast: First Direct Spectroscopy of GJ 504 b reveals Clouds and Possible Metal Enrichment
• JWST high-contrast spectroscopy with speckle modelling: Atmospheric retrievals of the T dwarf companion HD 19467 B
• Panchromatic View of the Frigid Jovian Exoplanet COCONUTS-2 b