Quartz Clouds in the Dayside Atmosphere of the Quintessential Hot Jupiter HD 189733 b

Abstract

Recent mid-infrared observations with JWST/MIRI have resulted in the first direct detections of absorption features from silicate clouds in the transmission spectra of two transiting exoplanets, WASP-17 b and WASP-107 b. In this paper, we measure the mid-infrared ($5-12$ $\mu$m) dayside emission spectrum of the benchmark hot Jupiter HD 189733 b with MIRI LRS by combining data from two secondary eclipse observations. We confirm the previous detection of H${}_2$O absorption at 6.5 $\mu$m from Spitzer/IRS and additionally detect H${}_2$S as well as an absorption feature at 8.7 $\mu$m in both secondary eclipse observations. The excess absorption at 8.7 $\mu$m can be explained by the presence of small ($\sim$0.01 $\mu$m) grains of SiO${}_2$[s] in the uppermost layers of HD 189733 b's dayside atmosphere. This is the first direct detection of silicate clouds in HD 189733 b's atmosphere, and the first detection of a distinct absorption feature from silicate clouds on the day side of any hot Jupiter. We find that models including SiO${}_2$[s] are preferred by $6-7\sigma$ over clear models and those with other potential cloud species. The high altitude location of these silicate particles is best explained by formation in the hottest regions of HD 189733 b's dayside atmosphere near the substellar point. We additionally find that HD 189733 b's emission spectrum longward of 9 $\mu$m displays residual features not well captured by our current atmospheric models. When combined with other JWST observations of HD 189733 b's transmission and emission spectrum at shorter wavelengths, these observations will provide us with the most detailed picture to date of the atmospheric composition and cloud properties of this benchmark hot Jupiter.

21 pages, 7 Figures, 3 Tables, Accepted to ApJL

References in corpus (43)

• SciPy 1.0--Fundamental Algorithms for Scientific Computing in Python
• Array Programming with NumPy
• The Astropy Project: Sustaining and Growing a Community-oriented Open-source Project and the Latest Major Release (v5.0) of the Core Package
• Bayes in the sky: Bayesian inference and model selection in cosmology
• petitRADTRANS: a Python radiative transfer package for exoplanet characterization and retrieval
• On the radiative equilibrium of irradiated planetary atmospheres
• Detection of atmospheric haze on an extrasolar planet: The 0.55 - 1.05 micron transmission spectrum of HD189733b with the Hubble Space Telescope
• Rayleigh scattering in the transit spectrum of HD 189733b
• Early Release Science of the exoplanet WASP-39b with JWST NIRSpec PRISM
• Water Vapor in the Spectrum of the Extrasolar Planet HD 189733b: 1. the Transit
• The Broadband Infrared Emission Spectrum of the Exoplanet HD 189733b
• Strong Water Absorption in the Dayside Emission Spectrum of the Planet HD 189733b
• Hubble Space Telescope times-series photometry of the planetary transit of HD189733: no moon, no rings, starspots
• Strong Infrared Emission from the Extrasolar Planet HD189733b
• Aerosol Composition of Hot Giant Exoplanets Dominated by Silicates and Hydrocarbon Hazes
• Mass-Metallicity Trends in Transiting Exoplanets from Atmospheric Abundances of H${}_2$O, Na, and K
• Transmission spectral properties of clouds for hot Jupiter exoplanets
• Identification of carbon dioxide in an exoplanet atmosphere
• Exoplanet Reflected Light Spectroscopy with PICASO
• The Atmospheric Circulation of the Hot Jupiter WASP-43b: Comparing Three-Dimensional Models to Spectrophotometric Data
• A reflective, metal-rich atmosphere for GJ 1214b from its JWST phase curve
• H2O abundances in the atmospheres of three hot Jupiters
• Eureka!: An End-to-End Pipeline for JWST Time-Series Observations
• Clouds, Gravity and Metallicity in Blue L dwarfs: The Case of 2MASS J11263991-5003550
• PICASO 3.0: A One-Dimensional Climate Model for Giant Planets and Brown Dwarfs
• SO2, silicate clouds, but no CH4 detected in a warm Neptune
• Hot Jupiters: Origins, Structure, Atmospheres
• Optical constants of refractory oxides at high temperatures
• TESS Transit Timing of Hundreds of Hot Jupiters
• PLATON II: New Capabilities And A Comprehensive Retrieval on HD 189733b Transit and Eclipse Data
• Cloud busting: enstatite and quartz clouds in the atmosphere of 2M2224-0158
• Water vapor in the spectrum of the extrasolar planet HD 189733b: 2. The eclipse
• Ultracool Dwarfs Observed with the Spitzer Infrared Spectrograph. II. Emergence and Sedimentation of Silicate Clouds in L Dwarfs, and Analysis of the Full M5--T9 Field Dwarf Spectroscopic Sample
• Updated Spitzer Emission Spectroscopy of Bright Transiting Hot Jupiter HD189733b
• Forecasting the Impact of Stellar Activity on Transiting Exoplanet Spectra
• Empirically Determining Substellar Cloud Compositions in the era of JWST
• Spectroscopic time series performance of the Mid-Infrared Instrument on the JWST
• A New Sedimentation Model for Greater Cloud Diversity in Giant Exoplanets and Brown Dwarfs
• A Comprehensive Analysis of WASP-17b's Transmission Spectrum from Space-Based Observations
• A new look at Spitzer primary transit observations of the exoplanet HD189733b
• The geometric albedo of the hot Jupiter HD 189733b measured with CHEOPS
• Multiple Clues for Dayside Aerosols and Temperature Gradients in WASP-69 b from a Panchromatic JWST Emission Spectrum
• High-throughput Quantum Chemistry: Empowering the Search for Molecular Candidates behind Unknown Spectral Signatures in Exoplanetary Atmospheres

Cited by in corpus (20)

• Evidence for SiO cloud nucleation in the rogue planet PSO J318
• Transmission spectroscopy of WASP-52 b with JWST NIRISS: Water and helium atmospheric absorption, alongside prominent star-spot crossings
• Tracing the formation and migration history: molecular signatures in the atmosphere of misaligned hot Jupiter WASP-94Ab using JWST NIRSpec/G395H
• Three-dimensional dynamical evolution of cloud particle microphysics in sub-stellar atmospheres I. Description and exploring Y-dwarf atmospheric variability
• The compositions of the HR 8799 planets reflect accretion of both solids and metal-enriched gas
• Jupiter-like uniform metal enrichment in a system of multiple giant exoplanets
• PICASO 4.0: Clouds and Photochemistry in Climate Models of Brown Dwarfs and Exoplanets
• Cloudy mornings and clear evenings on a gas giant exoplanet
• Evidence of Titanate Clouds in the Day-side Atmosphere of the Ultra-Hot Jupiter WASP-121b
• The Impact of Irradiation on the Radius and Thermal Evolution of Transiting Brown Dwarfs
• The SPACE Program. I. The featureless spectrum of HD 86226 c challenges sub-Neptune atmosphere trends
• Silicate Sundogs: Probing the Effects of Grain Directionality in Exoplanet Observations
• Plasma and Thermal Processing Leading to Spatial and Temporal Variability of the Trapped O2 at Europa and Ganymede
• Cloudy solutions for the clear skies of WASP-80b: 3D cloud feedback on the atmosphere and spectra of a warm Jupiter
• On the importance of laboratory experiments for interpreting exoplanet observations
• Measurement of the Electric Dipole Moment of AlCl by Stark Level Spectroscopy
• JWST unveils a high mean molecular weight atmosphere for mini-Neptune TOI-1130b: Evidence for formation beyond the water ice line
• Impact of Clouds on the Atmosphere-Mantle Interface of Sub-Neptunes
• Pre-computed aerosol extinction, scattering and asymmetry grids for scalable atmospheric retrievals
• A Cloudy Fit to the Atmosphere of WASP-107 b