The ExoMolOP Database: Cross-sections and k-tables for Molecules of Interest in High-Temperature Exoplanet Atmospheres

Abstract

A publicly available database of opacities for molecules of astrophysical interest, ExoMolOP, has been compiled for over 80 species, based on the latest line list data from the ExoMol, HITEMP and MoLLIST databases. These data are generally suitable for characterising high temperature exoplanet or cool stellar/substellar atmospheres, and have been computed at a variety of pressures and temperatures, with a few molecules included at room-temperature only from the HITRAN database. The data are formatted in different ways for four different exoplanet atmosphere retrieval codes; ARCiS, TauREx, NEMESIS and petitRADTRANS, and include both cross-sections (at R~=~$\frac{\lambda }{\Delta \lambda }$~=~15,000) and k-tables (at R~=~$\frac{\lambda }{\Delta \lambda }$~=~1000) for the 0.3~-~50$\mu$m wavelength region. Opacity files can be downloaded and used directly for these codes. Atomic data for alkali metals Na and K are also included, using data from the NIST database and the latest line shapes for the resonance lines. Broadening parameters have been taken from the literature where available, or from those for a known molecule with similar molecular properties where no broadening data are available. The data are available from www.exomol.com.

arXiv comment25 pages, 9 figures. Accepted for publication in A&A

References in corpus (125)

• Multimodal nested sampling: an efficient and robust alternative to MCMC methods for astronomical data analysis
• X-ray spectral modelling of the AGN obscuring region in the CDFS: Bayesian model selection and catalogue
• Models of Stars, Brown Dwarfs and Exoplanets
• A high accuracy computed water line list
• ExoMol molecular line lists XXX: a complete high-accuracy line list for water
• Atmospheric circulation of hot Jupiters: Coupled radiative-dynamical general circulation model simulations of HD 189733b and HD 209458b
• petitRADTRANS: a Python radiative transfer package for exoplanet characterization and retrieval
• The ExoMol database: molecular line lists for exoplanet and other hot atmospheres
• Line and Mean Opacities for Ultracool Dwarfs and Extrasolar Planets
• ExoMol: molecular line lists for exoplanet and other atmospheres
• ExoMol line lists IV: The rotation-vibration spectrum of methane up to 1500 K
• A Precise Water Abundance Measurement for the Hot Jupiter WASP-43b
• A Systematic Retrieval Analysis of Secondary Eclipse Spectra I: A Comparison of Atmospheric Retrieval Techniques
• Gaseous Mean Opacities for Giant Planet and Ultracool Dwarf Atmospheres over a Range of Metallicities and Temperatures
• Atomic and Molecular Opacities for Brown Dwarf and Giant Planet Atmospheres
• Modeling optical properties of cosmic dust grains using a distribution of hollow spheres
• A population study of gaseous exoplanets
• ExoMol line lists III: An improved hot rotation-vibration line list for HCN and HNC
• A new set of atmosphere and evolution models for cool T-Y brown dwarfs and giant exoplanets
• CH in stellar atmospheres: an extensive linelist
• Tau-REx I: A next generation retrieval code for exoplanetary atmospheres
• ExoMol Molecular linelists -- XXXIII. The spectrum of Titanium Oxide
• Equilibrium chemistry down to 100 K - Impact of silicates and phyllosilicates on carbon/oxygen ratio
• The Near-Infrared and Optical Spectra of Methane Dwarfs and Brown Dwarfs
• ExoMol molecular line lists XXXV: a rotation-vibration line list for hot ammonia
• Model atmospheres of irradiated exoplanets: The influence of stellar parameters, metallicity, and the C/O ratio
• ExoMol molecular line lists - XVI: The rotation-vibration spectrum of hot H${}_2$S
• HST hot-Jupiter transmission spectral survey: detection of potassium in WASP-31b along with a cloud deck and Rayleigh scattering
• The 2020 release of the ExoMol database: molecular line lists for exoplanet and other hot atmospheres
• An accurate, extensive, and practical line list of methane for the HITEMP database
• ExoMol line lists XVIII. The high temperature spectrum of VO
• ExoMol line lists -- XXXIX. Ro-vibrational molecular line list for CO${}_2$
• HELIOS-K: An Ultrafast, Open-source Opacity Calculator for Radiative Transfer
• Observing transiting planets with JWST -- Prime targets and their synthetic spectral observations
• ExoCross: a general program for generating spectra from molecular line lists
• ExoMol molecular line lists - XIV: The rotation-vibration spectrum of hot SO${}_2$
• A consistent retrieval analysis of 10 Hot Jupiters observed in transmission
• Calculations of the Far-Wing Line Profiles of Sodium and Potassium in the Atmospheres of Substellar-Mass Objects
• HELIOS: An Open-source, GPU-accelerated Radiative Transfer Code For Self-consistent Exoplanetary Atmospheres
• Accuracy tests of radiation schemes used in hot Jupiter global circulation models
• Optimal Estimation Retrievals of the Atmospheric Structure and Composition of HD 189733b from Secondary Eclipse Spectroscopy
• ExoMol line lists VII: The rotation-vibration spectrum of phosphine up to 1500 K
• Spitzer Phase Curve Constraints for WASP-43b at 3.6 and 4.5 microns
• A hybrid line list for CH${}_4$ and hot methane continuum
• The Effects of Consistent Chemical Kinetics Calculations on the Pressure-Temperature Profiles and Emission Spectra of Hot Jupiters
• Tau-REx II: Retrieval of emission spectra
• Retrieval analysis of 38 WFC3 transmission spectra and resolution of the normalisation degeneracy
• ExoMol line lists II: The ro-vibrational spectrum of SiO
• New study of the line profiles of sodium perturbed by H2
• Detectability of biosignatures in anoxic atmospheres with the James Webb Space Telescope: A TRAPPIST-1e case study
• ExoMol molecular line lists V: The ro-vibrational spectra of NaCl and KCl
• Self-luminous and irradiated exoplanetary atmospheres explored with HELIOS
• New CrH Opacities for the Study of L and Brown Dwarf Atmospheres
• GENESIS: New Self-Consistent Models of Exoplanetary Spectra
• ExoMol molecular line lists -- XXXVII: spectra of acetylene
• ExoMol molecular line lists: IX The spectrum of AlO
• The spectrum of hot methane in astronomical objects using a comprehensive computed line list
• Exo-Transmit: An Open-Source Code for Calculating Transmission Spectra for Exoplanet Atmospheres of Varied Composition
• Theoretical Spectral Models of T Dwarfs at Short Wavelengths and Their Comparison with Data
• Spectroscopic line parameters of NO, NO${}_2$, and N${}_2$O for the HITEMP database
• The full infrared spectrum of molecular hydrogen
• CRIRES spectroscopy and empirical line-by-line identification of FeH molecular absorption in an M dwarf
• Use of the MultiNest algorithm for gravitational wave data analysis
• The ARCiS framework for Exoplanet Atmospheres: Modelling Philosophy and Retrieval
• Helios-r2 -- A new Bayesian, open-source retrieval model for brown dwarfs and exoplanet atmospheres
• ExoMol molecular line lists - XXVII: spectra of C2H4
• ExoMol line lists VIII: A variationally computed line list for hot formaldehyde
• Evidence for multiple molecular species in the hot Jupiter HD 209458b
• ExoMol molecular line lists - XIII: The spectrum of CaO
• Detecting isotopologues in exoplanet atmospheres using ground-based high-dispersion spectroscopy
• Spectroscopic Constants, Abundances, and Opacities of the TiH Molecule
• ExoMol molecular line lists - XXIII: spectra of PO and PS
• Toward the analysis of JWST exoplanet spectra: Identifying troublesome model parameters
• 2.5-D retrieval of atmospheric properties from exoplanet phase curves: Application to WASP-43b observations
• A comparison of exoplanet spectroscopic retrieval tools
• The ARCiS framework for Exoplanet Atmospheres: The Cloud Transport Model
• ExoMol molecular line lists XIX: high accuracy computed hot line lists for H${}_2$${}^{18}$O and H${}_2$${}^{17}$O
• ExoMol line lists XXIV: A new hot line list for silicon monohydride, SiH
• ExoMol Line List XXI: Nitric Oxide (NO)
• Molecular Cross Sections for High Resolution Spectroscopy of Super Earths, Warm Neptunes and Hot Jupiters
• Radiative cooling functions for primordial molecules
• The ExoMol Atlas of Molecular Opacities
• ExoMol line lists XXVIII: The rovibronic spectrum of AlH
• Calculated spectra for HeH+ and its effect on the opacity of cool metal poor stars
• ExoMol line lists XXXI: Spectroscopy of lowest eights electronic states of C${}_2$
• Effect of Pressure Broadening on Molecular Absorption Cross Sections in Exoplanetary Atmospheres
• Identifying new opportunities for exoplanet characterisation at high spectral resolution
• Pressure-dependent water absorption cross sections for exoplanets and other atmospheres
• ExoMol molecular line lists X: The spectrum of sodium hydride
• MARVEL analysis of the measured high-resolution rovibrational spectra of C2H2
• ExoMol molecular line lists XX: a comprehensive line list for H${}_3^{+}$
• Signs of strong Na and K absorption in the transmission spectrum of WASP-103b
• The calculated rovibronic spectrum of scandium hydride, ScH
• ExoMol molecular line lists XII: Line Lists for 8 isotopologues of CS
• ExoMol molecular line lists XXXVI: $X{}^2\Pi -X{}^2\Pi$ and $A{}^2{\Sigma }^{+}-X{}^2\Pi$ transitions of SH
• ExoMol line lists - XXXII. The rovibronic spectrum of MgO
• Exomol molecular line lists VI: A high temperature line list for Phosphorus Nitride
• ExoMol molecular line lists - XVII The rotation-vibration spectrum of hot SO${}_3$
• ExoMol line lists -- XXII. The rotation-vibration spectrum of silane up to 1200 K
• The Influence of H2O Pressure Broadening in High Metallicity Exoplanet Atmospheres
• An update to the MARVEL dataset and ExoMol line list for 12C2
• ExoMol molecular line lists - XXVI: spectra of SH and NS
• Simplified 3D GCM modelling of the irradiated brown dwarf WD0137-349B
• ExoMol line lists XV: A new hot line list for hydrogen peroxide
• ExoMol line lists XXV: A hot line list for silicon sulphide, SiS
• Aluminium oxide in the atmosphere of hot Jupiter WASP-43b
• ExoMol line lists -- XXXVIII. High-temperature molecular line list of silicon dioxide (SiO${}_2$)
• ExoMol molecular line lists: XI The spectrum of nitric acid
• A Variationally Computed IR Line List for the Methyl Radical CH${}_3$
• ACCESS: A Visual to Near-infrared Spectrum of the Hot Jupiter WASP-43b with Evidence of ${\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{O}$, but no evidence of Na or K
• A weak spectral signature of water vapour in the atmosphere of HD 179949 b at high spectral resolution in the L-band
• Empirical Line Lists in the ExoMol Database
• The high-temperature rotation-vibration spectrum and rotational clustering of silylene (SiH${}_2$)
• Exoplanetary Monte Carlo Radiative Transfer with Correlated-k I. Benchmarking Transit and Emission Observables
• ExoMol line lists -- XL. Ro-vibrational molecular line list for the hydronium ion (H${}_3$O${}^{+}$)
• ExoMol line lists - XXIX. The rotation-vibration spectrum of methyl chloride up to 1200 K
• The rotation-vibration spectrum of methyl fluoride from first principles
• Ions in the Thermosphere of Exoplanets: Observable Constraints Revealed by Innovative Laboratory Experiments
• ExoMol line list XXXIV: A Rovibrational Line List for Phosphinidene (PH) in its $X{}^3{\Sigma }^{-}$ and $a{}^1\Delta$ Electronic States
• Lithium, Sodium, and Potassium Abundances in Sharp-Lined A-Type Stars
• H2-Induced Pressure Broadening and Pressure Shift in the P-Branch of the v3 Band of CH4 from 300 to 700 K
• Random sampling technique for ultra-fast computations of molecular opacities for exoplanet atmospheres
• A variationally computed room temperature line list for AsH${}_3$
• Theoretical rotation-vibration spectroscopy of {\it cis}- and {\it trans}-diphosphene (P${}_2$H${}_2$) and the deuterated species P${}_2$HD
• Molecular line shape parameters for exoplanetary atmospheric applications

Cited by in corpus (107)

• The 2020 release of the ExoMol database: molecular line lists for exoplanet and other hot atmospheres
• TauREx III: A fast, dynamic and extendable framework for retrievals
• HELIOS-K 2.0 Opacity Calculator and Open-source Opacity Database for Exoplanetary Atmospheres
• SO2, silicate clouds, but no CH4 detected in a warm Neptune
• A secondary atmosphere on the rocky exoplanet 55 Cancri e
• Sulphur dioxide in the mid-infrared transmission spectrum of WASP-39b
• Five key exoplanet questions answered via the analysis of 25 hot Jupiter atmospheres in eclipse
• Direct Imaging and Astrometric Detection of a Gas Giant Planet Orbiting an Accelerating Star
• EXOPLINES: Molecular Absorption Cross-Section Database for Brown Dwarf and Giant Exoplanet Atmospheres
• Diurnal variations in the stratosphere of the ultrahot giant exoplanet WASP-121b
• The Pyrat Bay Framework for Exoplanet Atmospheric Modeling: A Population Study of Hubble/WFC3 Transmission Spectra
• Large Interferometer For Exoplanets (LIFE): III. Spectral resolution, wavelength range and sensitivity requirements based on atmospheric retrieval analyses of an exo-Earth
• Simulating gas giant exoplanet atmospheres with Exo-FMS: Comparing semi-grey, picket fence and correlated-k radiative-transfer schemes
• Large Interferometer For Exoplanets (LIFE): V. Diagnostic potential of a mid-infrared space-interferometer for studying Earth analogs
• Self-consistent Models of Y Dwarf Atmospheres with Water Clouds and Disequilibrium Chemistry
• Observability of Evaporating Lava Worlds
• 3D radiative-transfer for exoplanet atmospheres. gCMCRT: a GPU accelerated MCRT code
• Four-of-a-kind? Comprehensive atmospheric characterisation of the HR 8799 planets with VLTI/GRAVITY
• Atmospheric retrievals with petitRADTRANS
• Implementation of disequilibrium chemistry to spectral retrieval code ARCiS and application to sixteen exoplanet transmission spectra: Indication of disequilibrium chemistry for HD 209458b and WASP-39b
• Hints of a sulfur-rich atmosphere around the 1.6 R${}_{\oplus }$ Super-Earth L98-59 d from JWST NIRSpec G395H transmission spectroscopy
• Atmospheric retrievals suggest the presence of a secondary atmosphere and possible sulfur species on L 98-59 d from JWST NIRSpec G395H transmission spectroscopy
• The Hubble WFC3 Emission Spectrum of the Extremely-Hot Jupiter, KELT-9b
• Spectral binning of precomputed correlated-k coefficients
• H2S and SO2 detectability in Hot Jupiters: Sulfur species as indicator of metallicity and C/O ratio
• A high-resolution line list for AlO
• Exoplanet atmosphere retrievals in 3D using phase curve data with ARCiS: application to WASP-43b
• Is the atmosphere of the ultra-hot Jupiter WASP-121b variable?
• An exploration of model degeneracies with a unified phase curve retrieval analysis: The light and dark sides of WASP-43 b
• Near-infrared transmission spectrum of TRAPPIST-1 h using Hubble WFC3 G141 observations
• Phase curve pollution of exoplanet transmission spectra
• Low-Temperature Gas Opacities with AESOPUS 2.0
• ExoMol line lists -- XLV. Rovibronic molecular line lists of calcium monohydride (CaH) and magnesium monohydride (MgH)
• How Does Thermal Scattering Shape the Infrared Spectra of Cloudy Exoplanets? A Theoretical Framework and Consequences for Atmospheric Retrievals in the JWST era
• ExoMol line lists -- LVI: The SO line list, MARVEL analysis of experimental transition data and refinement of the spectroscopic model
• Data availability and requirements relevant for the Ariel space mission and other exoplanet atmosphere applications
• Clouds form on the hot Saturn JWST ERO target WASP-96b
• Observability of silicates in volatile atmospheres of super-Earths and sub-Neptunes
• An atlas of resolved spectral features in the transmission spectrum of WASP-189 b with MAROON-X
• Investigating the detectability of hydrocarbons in exoplanet atmospheres with JWST
• BOWIE-ALIGN: JWST reveals hints of planetesimal accretion and complex sulphur chemistry in the atmosphere of the misaligned hot Jupiter WASP-15b
• Hubble WFC3 Spectroscopy of the Terrestrial Planets L~98-59~c \& d: No Evidence for a Clear Hydrogen Dominated Primary Atmosphere
• Origin and extent of the opacity challenge for atmospheric retrievals of WASP-39 b
• Hubble WFC3 Spectroscopy of the Rocky Planet L 98-59 b: No Evidence for a Cloud-Free Primordial Atmosphere
• On spectroscopic phase-curve retrievals: H2 dissociation and thermal inversion in the atmosphere of the ultra-hot Jupiter WASP-103 b
• A survey of exoplanet phase curves with Ariel
• Evidence for chromium hydride in the atmosphere of Hot Jupiter WASP-31b
• A retrieval challenge exercise for the Ariel mission
• ExoMol line lists -- LIX. High-temperature line list for N${}_2$O
• JWST-TST DREAMS: A Precise Water Abundance for Hot Jupiter WASP-17b from the NIRISS SOSS Transmission Spectrum
• Evidence for SiO cloud nucleation in the rogue planet PSO J318
• A Mirage or an Oasis? Water Vapor in the Atmosphere of the Warm Neptune TOI-674 b
• Measuring Tracers of Planet Formation in the Atmosphere of WASP-77A b: Sub-stellar O/H and C/H ratios, with a stellar C/O ratio and a potentially Super-stellar Ti/H ratio
• The transmission spectrum of WASP-17 b from the optical to the near-infrared wavelengths: combining STIS, WFC3 and IRAC datasets
• VLTI/GRAVITY Observations and Characterization of the Brown Dwarf Companion HD 72946 B
• YunMa: Enabling Spectral Retrievals of Exoplanetary Clouds
• WASP-121b's transmission spectrum observed with JWST/NIRSpec G395H reveals thermal dissociation and SiO in the atmosphere
• PyExoCross: a Python program for generating spectra and cross-sections from molecular line lists
• The sulphur species in hot rocky exoplanet atmospheres
• Knobs and dials of retrieving JWST transmission spectra. I. The importance of p-T profile complexity
• Temperature and density dependence of line profiles of sodium perturbed by helium
• MIRI-LRS spectrum of a cold exoplanet around a white dwarf: water, ammonia, and methane measurements
• Cross-sections for heavy atmospheres: H${}_2$O self-broadening
• Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Exoplanet Atmospheres I. Thermochemical Equilibrium Models
• Cloud and Haze Parameterization in Atmospheric Retrievals: Insights from Titan's Cassini Data and JWST Observations of Hot Jupiters
• Evidence of Radius Inflation in Radiative GCM Models of WASP-76b due to the Advection of Potential Temperature
• Impacts of high-contrast image processing on atmospheric retrievals
• ExoMol line lists -- LIII: Empirical Rovibronic spectra of Yttrium Oxide (YO)
• Another look at the dayside spectra of WASP-43b and HD 209458b: are there scattering clouds?
• Characterising the Atmosphere of 55 Cancri e: 1D Forward Model Grid for Current and Future JWST Observations
• The impact of spectral line wing cut-off: Recommended standard method with application to MAESTRO opacity database
• PICASO 4.0: Clouds and Photochemistry in Climate Models of Brown Dwarfs and Exoplanets
• A Population Analysis of 20 Exoplanets Observed from the Optical to the Near-infrared Wavelengths with HST: Evidence for Widespread Stellar Contamination
• Conditions for radiative zones in the molecular hydrogen envelope of Jupiter and Saturn: The role of alkali metals
• ARES VI: Viability of one-dimensional retrieval models for transmission spectroscopy characterization of exo-atmospheres in the era of JWST and Ariel
• CROCODILE \\ Incorporating medium-resolution spectroscopy of close-in directly imaged exoplanets into atmospheric retrievals via cross-correlation
• The $\text{MSG}$ model for cloudy substellar atmospheres: A grid of self-consistent substellar atmosphere models with microphysical cloud formation
• Unraveling the non-equilibrium chemistry of the temperate sub-Neptune K2-18 b
• GEMS JWST: Transmission spectroscopy of TOI-5205b reveals significant stellar contamination and a metal-poor atmosphere
• The effect of spectroscopic binning on atmospheric retrievals
• Three-component modelling of O-rich AGB star winds I. Effects of drift using forsterite
• Detectability of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Atmosphere of WASP-6 b with JWST NIRSpec PRISM
• Investigating aerosols as a way to reconcile K2-18 b JWST MIRI and NIRISS/NIRSpec observations
• A new pathway to SO${}_2$: Revealing the NUV driven sulfur chemistry in hot gas giants
• Atmospheric retrievals for LIFE and other future space missions: the importance of mitigating systematic effects
• A grid of self-consistent MSG (MARCS-StaticWeather-GGchem) cool stellar, sub-stellar, and exoplanetary model atmospheres
• Detection of CO${}_2$, CO, and H${}_2$O in the atmosphere of the warm sub-Saturn HAT-P-12b
• Surface pressure impact on nitrogen-dominated USP super-Earth atmospheres
• Effect of Centrifugal Force on Transmission Spectroscopy of Exoplanet Atmospheres
• RAPOC : the Rosseland and Planck opacity converter. A user-friendly and fast opacity program for Python
• Inferring Shallow Surfaces on sub-Neptune Exoplanets with JWST
• From CO${}_2$- to H${}_2$O-dominated atmospheres and back -- How mixed outgassing changes the volatile distribution in magma oceans around M dwarf stars
• Knobs and dials of retrieving JWST transmission spectra. II. Impacts of pipeline-level differences on retrieval posteriors
• Radiative Flux from a High-Resolution Atmospheric Dynamics Simulation of a Hot-Jupiter for JWST and Ariel
• The dark days are overcast: Iron-bearing clouds on HD 209458 b and WASP-43 b can explain low dayside albedos
• HST/WFC3 Constraints on the Abundances of OH and FeH in the Atmosphere of the Ultra-Hot Neptune LTT-9779 b
• Reliability of 1D radiative-convective photochemical-equilibrium retrievals on transit spectra of WASP-107b
• Direct Images of CO2 Absorption in the Atmosphere of a Super-Jupiter: Enhanced Metallicity Suggestive of Formation in a Disk
• Methane on the temperate exo-Saturn TOI-199b
• A Large-scale Approach to Modelling Molecular Biosignatures: The Diatomics
• Unraveling the Mystery of the Peculiar and Young Hot Jupiter CoRoT-2b. I. H${}_2$O and CO Detection from Dayside Observations with Gemini-S/IGRINS
• A new look into the atmospheric composition of WASP-39 b
• Information content of JWST transmission spectroscopy of the exoplanet HAT-P-12b from the optical to the mid-infrared
• The HUSTLE Program: The UV to Near-IR Transmission Spectrum of the Hot Jupiter KELT-7b
• Pre-computed aerosol extinction, scattering and asymmetry grids for scalable atmospheric retrievals
• Possible favored Great Oxidation Event scenario on exoplanets around M-Stars with the example of TRAPPIST-1e
• Sensitivity of Dry Lava Planet Atmospheric Emission Spectra to Changes in Lava Compositions