Molecular Cross Sections for High Resolution Spectroscopy of Super Earths, Warm Neptunes and Hot Jupiters

Abstract

High resolution spectroscopy (HRS) has been used to detect a number of species in the atmospheres of hot Jupiters. Key to such detections is accurately and precisely modelled spectra for cross-correlation against the R$\gtrsim$20,000 observations. There is a need for the latest generation of opacities which form the basis for high signal-to-noise detections using such spectra. In this study we present and make publicly available cross sections for six molecular species, H${}_2$O, CO, HCN, CH${}_4$, NH${}_3$ and CO${}_2$ using the latest line lists most suitable for low- and high-resolution spectroscopy. We focus on the infrared (0.95-5~$\mu$m) and between 500-1500~K where these species have strong spectral signatures. We generate these cross sections on a grid of pressures and temperatures typical for the photospheres of super Earth, warm Neptunes and hot Jupiters using the latest H${}_2$ and He pressure broadening. We highlight the most prominent infrared spectral features by modelling three representative exoplanets, GJ~1214~b, GJ~3470~b and HD~189733~b, which encompass a wide range in temperature, mass and radii. In addition, we verify the line lists for H${}_2$O, CO and HCN with previous high resolution observations of hot Jupiters. However, we are unable to detect CH${}_4$ with our new cross sections from HRS observations of HD~102195~b. These high accuracy opacities are critical for atmospheric detections with HRS and will be continually updated as new data becomes available.

arXiv comment16 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS

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