Sensitivity of Dry Lava Planet Atmospheric Emission Spectra to Changes in Lava Compositions

Abstract

The atmospheres of hot rocky exoplanets are among the first primary targets of the JWST. Interpreting their atmospheric spectra requires understanding the link between silicate lava compositions and overlying atmospheres. We investigate the sensitivity of simulated emission spectra of dry lava planets to variations in oxide abundances in silicate melt. Our goal is to determine which molten surface features could be distinguishable with future observations. We combine our vaporisation code with gas chemical equilibrium and radiative transfer codes to self-consistently compute atmospheric chemistry and thermal structure. Alongside varying lava compositions, we assess the impact of host star spectral type on emission spectra. TiO2 melt abundance dictates atmospheric TiO, which strongly influences surface temperature and emission spectra due to its short-wave opacity. This creates a degeneracy with heat redistribution efficiency, potentially broken by observing the optical TiO emission feature. Atmospheric SiO and SiO2 abundances depend on melt SiO2 content, with stronger SiO and SiO2 emission features at higher melt abundances. For the currently best observable HREs, changes in TiO2 and SiO2 abundance of about an order of magnitude with respect to BSE, could potentially be observable with 12 JWST eclipse observations.

arXiv comment21 pages, 15 figures

References in corpus (55)

• A new extensive library of PHOENIX stellar atmospheres and synthetic spectra
• Transiting exoplanets from the CoRoT space mission VIII. CoRoT-7b: the first Super-Earth with measured radius
• A Framework for Prioritizing the TESS Planetary Candidates Most Amenable to Atmospheric Characterization
• petitRADTRANS: a Python radiative transfer package for exoplanet characterization and retrieval
• False positive probabilties for all Kepler Objects of Interest: 1284 newly validated planets and 428 likely false positives
• The MUSCLES Treasury Survey I: Motivation and Overview
• Can we constrain interior structure of rocky exoplanets from mass and radius measurements?
• A Framework for Quantifying the Degeneracies of Exoplanet Interior Compositions
• PandExo: A Community Tool for Transiting Exoplanet Science with JWST & HST
• ExoMol Molecular linelists -- XXXIII. The spectrum of Titanium Oxide
• The MUSCLES Treasury Survey II: Intrinsic Lyman Alpha and Extreme Ultraviolet Spectra of K and M Dwarfs with Exoplanets
• The MUSCLES Treasury Survey III: X-ray to Infrared Spectra of 11 M and K Stars Hosting Planets
• Retrieving scattering clouds and disequilibrium chemistry in the atmosphere of HR 8799e
• Chemistry of Silicate Atmospheres of Evaporating Super-Earths
• No thick carbon dioxide atmosphere on the rocky exoplanet TRAPPIST-1 c
• HELIOS-K: An Ultrafast, Open-source Opacity Calculator for Radiative Transfer
• HELIOS: An Open-source, GPU-accelerated Radiative Transfer Code For Self-consistent Exoplanetary Atmospheres
• The ExoMolOP Database: Cross-sections and k-tables for Molecules of Interest in High-Temperature Exoplanet Atmospheres
• FastChem: A computer program for efficient complex chemical equilibrium calculations in the neutral/ionized gas phase with applications to stellar and planetary atmospheres
• Mass-radius relationships for exoplanets
• HELIOS-K 2.0 Opacity Calculator and Open-source Opacity Database for Exoplanetary Atmospheres
• Atmosphere-interior exchange on hot rocky exoplanets
• Theoretical Emission Spectra of Atmospheres of Hot Rocky Super-Earths
• ExoMol molecular line lists: IX The spectrum of AlO
• Compositions of Hot Super-Earth Atmospheres: exploring Kepler Candidates
• A secondary atmosphere on the rocky exoplanet 55 Cancri e
• FastChem 2: An improved computer program to determine the gas-phase chemical equilibrium composition for arbitrary element distributions
• Rocky Extrasolar Planetary Compositions Derived from Externally-Polluted White Dwarfs
• Constraining planet structure and composition from stellar chemistry: trends in different stellar populations
• New Avenues for Thermal Inversions in hot Jupiters
• ExoMol molecular line lists - XIII: The spectrum of CaO
• The Star-Planet Connection I: Using Stellar Composition to Observationally Constrain Planetary Mineralogy for the Ten Closest Stars
• Low Mg/Si planetary host stars and their Mg-depleted terrestrial planets
• The Influence of Host Star Spectral Type on Ultra-Hot Jupiter Atmospheres
• K2 and Spitzer phase curves of the rocky ultra-short-period planet K2-141 b hint at a tenuous rock vapor atmosphere
• ExoMol line lists -- XLIV. IR and UV line list for silicon monoxide (SiO)
• HD 213885b: A transiting 1-day-period super-Earth with an Earth-like composition around a bright ($V=7.9$) star unveiled by TESS
• Analyzing Atmospheric Temperature Profiles and Spectra of M dwarf Rocky Planets
• Observability of Evaporating Lava Worlds
• ExoMol line lists - XXXII. The rovibronic spectrum of MgO
• Polluted White Dwarfs Reveal Exotic Mantle Rock Types on Exoplanets in our Solar Neighborhood
• The Detectability of Rocky Planet Surface and Atmosphere Composition with JWST: The Case of LHS 3844b
• Modelling the atmosphere of lava planet K2-141b: implications for low and high resolution spectroscopy
• JWST reveals a rapid and strong day side variability of 55 Cancri e
• ExoMol line lists -- XXXVIII. High-temperature molecular line list of silicon dioxide (SiO${}_2$)
• Host-star and exoplanet compositions: a pilot study usinga wide binary with a polluted white dwarf
• Mineralogy, structure and habitability of carbon-enriched rocky exoplanets: A laboratory approach
• VapoRock: Thermodynamics of vaporized silicate melts for modeling volcanic outgassing and magma ocean atmospheres
• Observability of silicates in volatile atmospheres of super-Earths and sub-Neptunes
• LavAtmos: An open source chemical equilibrium vaporisation code for lava worlds
• Characterising the Atmosphere of 55 Cancri e: 1D Forward Model Grid for Current and Future JWST Observations
• Thermal evolution of rocky exoplanets with a graphite outer shell
• Clouds in partial atmospheres of lava planets and where to find them
• LavAtmos 2.0: Incorporating Volatiles Species in Vaporization Models
• Extreme Weather Variability on Hot Rocky Exoplanet 55 Cancri e Explained by Magma Temperature-Cloud Feedback