Distinct Rotational Evolution of Giant Planets and Brown Dwarf Companions

Abstract

We present a rotational velocity (vsini) survey of 32 stellar/substellar objects and giant planets using Keck/KPIC high-resolution spectroscopy, including 6 giant planets (2-7 M${}_{\mathrm{Jup}}$) and 25 substellar/stellar companions (12-88 M${}_{\mathrm{Jup}}$). Adding companions with spin measurements from the literature, we construct a curated spin sample for 43 benchmark stellar/substellar companions and giant planets and 54 free-floating brown dwarfs and planetary mass objects. We compare their spins, parameterized as fractional breakup velocities at 10 Myr, assuming constant angular momentum evolution. We find the first clear evidence that giant planets exhibit distinct spins versus low-mass brown dwarf companions (10 to 40 M${}_{\mathrm{Jup}}$) at 4-4.5 $\sigma$ significance assuming inclinations aligned with their orbits, while under randomly oriented inclinations the significance is at 1.6-2.1 $\sigma$. Our findings hold when considering various assumptions about planets, and the mass ratio below 0.8% gives a clean cut for rotation between giant planets and brown dwarf companions. The higher fractional breakup velocities of planets can be interpreted as less angular momentum loss through circumplanetary disk braking during the planet formation phase. Brown dwarf companions exhibit evidence of slower rotation compared to isolated brown dwarfs, while planets and planetary mass objects show similar spins. Finally, our analysis of specific angular momentum versus age of 221 stellar/substellar objects below 0.1 M${}_{\odot }$ with spin measurements in the literature indicates that the substellar objects of 5-40 M${}_{\mathrm{Jup}}$ retain much higher angular momenta compared to stellar and substellar objects of 40-100 M${}_{\mathrm{Jup}}$ after 10 Myr, when their initial angular momenta were set.

Accepted for publication in The Astronomical Journal. 40 pages, 15 figures, 5 tables

References in corpus (269)

• SciPy 1.0--Fundamental Algorithms for Scientific Computing in Python
• Array Programming with NumPy
• Astropy: A Community Python Package for Astronomy
• emcee: The MCMC Hammer
• Gaia Data Release 2. Summary of the contents and survey properties
• The Astropy Project: Building an inclusive, open-science project and status of the v2.0 core package
• Gaia Data Release 3: Summary of the content and survey properties
• Intrinsic Colors, Temperatures, and Bolometric Corrections of Pre-Main Sequence Stars
• dynesty: A Dynamic Nested Sampling Package for Estimating Bayesian Posteriors and Evidences
• A new extensive library of PHOENIX stellar atmospheres and synthetic spectra
• Direct Imaging of Multiple Planets Orbiting the Star HR 8799
• Evolutionary models for cool brown dwarfs and extrasolar giant planets. The case of HD 20945
• New evolutionary models for pre-main sequence and main sequence low-mass stars down to the hydrogen-burning limit
• A Non-Gray Theory of Extrasolar Giant Planets and Brown Dwarfs
• The NextGen Model Atmosphere grid for $3000\le \Teff \le 10000\K$
• The Revised TESS Input Catalog and Candidate Target List
• Images of a fourth planet orbiting HR 8799
• Models of Stars, Brown Dwarfs and Exoplanets
• Ages for illustrative field stars using gyrochronology: viability, limitations and errors
• New constraints on the chemical evolution of the solar neighbourhood and Galactic disc(s). Improved astrophysical parameters for the Geneva-Copenhagen Survey
• The Theory of Brown Dwarfs and Extrasolar Giant Planets
• The Evolution of L and T Dwarfs in Color-Magnitude Diagrams
• Radial Velocities for 889 Late-type Stars
• petitRADTRANS: a Python radiative transfer package for exoplanet characterization and retrieval
• The Ages of Stars
• The Hawaii Infrared Parallax Program. I. Ultracool Binaries and the L/T Transition
• The Geneva-Copenhagen Survey of the Solar neighbourhood III. Improved distances, ages, and kinematics
• Contributions to the Nearby Stars (NStars) Project: Spectroscopy of Stars Earlier than M0 within 40 parsecs: The Southern Sample
• BANYAN. XI. The BANYAN $\Sigma$ multivariate Bayesian algorithm to identify members of young associations within 150 pc
• A self-consistent, absolute isochronal age scale for young moving groups in the solar neighbourhood
• Contributions to the Nearby Stars (NStars) Project: Spectroscopy of Stars Earlier than M0 within 40 parsecs: The Northern Sample I
• The Star-formation History and Accretion-Disk Fraction Among the K-Type Members of the Scorpius-Centaurus OB Association
• How Dry is the Brown Dwarf Desert?: Quantifying the Relative Number of Planets, Brown Dwarfs and Stellar Companions around Nearby Sun-like Stars
• Detection of Carbon Monoxide and Water Absorption Lines in an Exoplanet Atmosphere
• ALMA Survey of Lupus Protoplanetary Disks II: Gas Disk Radii
• Imaging Extrasolar Giant Planets
• Structure and Evolution of Nearby Stars with Planets II. Physical Properties of ~1000 Cool Stars from the SPOCS Catalog
• Fundamental Parameters and Spectral Energy Distributions of Young and Field Age Objects with Masses Spanning the Stellar to Planetary Regime
• Bayesian analysis to identify new star candidates in nearby young stellar kinematic groups
• Pulkovo Compilation of Radial Velocities for 35495 Hipparcos Stars in a Common System
• Planetary Spectrum Generator: an accurate online radiative transfer suite for atmospheres, comets, small bodies and exoplanets
• The T Tauri Phase Down to Nearly Planetary Masses: Echelle Spectra of 82 Very Low Mass Stars and Brown Dwarfs
• The Hipparcos-Gaia Catalog of Accelerations: Gaia EDR3 Edition
• Initial Conditions of Planet Formation: Lifetimes of Primordial Disks
• The Brown Dwarf Kinematics Project (BDKP). III. Parallaxes for 70 Ultracool Dwarfs
• Weather on Other Worlds. II. Survey Results: Spots Are Ubiquitous on L and T Dwarfs
• The rotation and Galactic kinematics of mid M dwarfs in the Solar Neighborhood
• Population Properties of Brown Dwarf Analogs to Exoplanets
• Chromospheric Activity, Rotation, and Rotational Braking in M and L Dwarfs
• Photometric Variability of the T2.5 Brown Dwarf SIMP J013656.5+093347; Evidence for Evolving Weather Patterns
• Rotational velocities of A-type stars IV. Evolution of rotational velocities
• Orbital and atmospheric characterization of the planet within the gap of the PDS 70 transition disk
• Photo-astrometric distances, extinctions, and astrophysical parameters for Gaia DR2 stars brighter than G = 18
• The Debris Disk Around HR 8799
• On the angular momentum evolution of fully-convective stars: rotation periods for field M-dwarfs from the MEarth transit survey
• Giant Planet Companion to 2MASSW J1207334-393254
• The Hawaii Infrared Parallax Program. II. Young Ultracool Field Dwarfs
• Photo-astrometric distances, extinctions, and astrophysical parameters for Gaia EDR3 stars brighter than G=18.5
• Discovery of Two T Dwarf Companions with the Spitzer Space Telescope
• Evidence for a co-moving sub-stellar companion of GQ Lup
• A Theory of Extrasolar Giant Planets
• Spectroscopy of Very Low Mass Stars and Brown Dwarfs in IC2391: Lithium depletion and Halpha emission
• Distances, Luminosities, and Temperatures of the Coldest Known Substellar Objects
• Retrieving scattering clouds and disequilibrium chemistry in the atmosphere of HR 8799e
• Planets Around Low-Mass Stars (PALMS). IV. The Outer Architecture of M Dwarf Planetary Systems
• Strong Brightness Variations Signal Cloudy-to-Clear Transition of Brown Dwarfs
• The NIRSPEC Ultracool Dwarf Radial Velocity Survey
• Individual Dynamical Masses of Ultracool Dwarfs
• Astrophysical supplements to the ASCC-2.5. Ia. Radial velocities of about 55000 stars and mean radial velocities of 516 Galactic open clusters and associations
• Population-Level Eccentricity Distributions of Imaged Exoplanets and Brown Dwarf Companions: Dynamical Evidence for Distinct Formation Channels
• The Planetary Mass Companion 2MASS1207-3932 B: Temperature, Mass and Evidence for an Edge-On Disk
• Two Wide Planetary-Mass Companions to Solar-Type Stars in Upper Scorpius
• Chromospheric activity as age indicator
• The Field Substellar Mass Function Based on the Full-sky 20-pc Census of 525 L, T, and Y Dwarfs
• Discovery of a young planetary mass companion to the nearby M dwarf VHS J125601.92-125723.9
• Detection and Characterization of Exoplanets using Projections on Karhunen-Loeve Eigenimages: Forward Modeling
• Stellar rotation in the Hyades and Praesepe: gyrochronology and braking timescale
• HD 106906 b: A planetary-mass companion outside a massive debris disk
• A magnetic field evolution scenario for brown dwarfs and giant planets
• The solar neighbourhood age-metallicity relation - does it exist?
• Rotation of Low-Mass Stars in Upper Scorpius and Rho Ophiuchus with K2
• HD 203030B: an Unusually Cool Young Sub-Stellar Companion near the L/T Transition
• The Age and Age Spread of the Praesepe and Hyades Clusters: a Consistent, ~800 Myr Picture from Rotating Stellar Models
• Precise Dynamical Masses of Directly Imaged Companions from Relative Astrometry, Radial Velocities, and Hipparcos-Gaia DR2 Accelerations
• Three Wide Planetary-Mass Companions to FW Tau, ROXs 12, and ROXs 42B
• Peering into the formation history of beta Pictoris b with VLTI/GRAVITY long baseline interferometry
• Dynamical Constraints on the HR 8799 Planets with GPI
• Rotation and accretion of very low mass objects in the SigmaOri cluster
• Abundance to age ratios in the HARPS-GTO sample with Gaia DR2: Chemical clocks for a range of [Fe/H]
• SpeX Spectroscopy of Unresolved Very Low Mass Binaries. II. Identification of Fourteen Candidate Binaries with Late-M/Early-L and T Dwarf Components
• First light of the VLT planet finder SPHERE. II. The physical properties and the architecture of the young systems PZ Tel and HD 1160 revisited
• Constraining the Nature of the PDS 70 Protoplanets with VLTI/GRAVITY
• Young Nearby Loose Associations
• Near-infrared cross-dispersed spectroscopy of brown dwarf candidates in the Upper Sco association
• Photometry and Proper Motions of M, L, and T Dwarfs from the Pan-STARRS1 3$\pi$ Survey
• A Survey for New Members of Taurus with the Spitzer Space Telescope
• The Gemini NICI Planet-Finding Campaign : Discovery of a Substellar L Dwarf Companion to the Nearby Young M Dwarf CD-35 2722
• A Young Brown Dwarf Companion to DH Tauri
• Auroral radio emission from late L and T dwarfs: A new constraint on dynamo theory in the substellar regime
• orvara: An Efficient Code to Fit Orbits using Radial Velocity, Absolute, and/or Relative Astrometry
• The 13O-rich atmosphere of a young accreting super-Jupiter
• Spectroscopic rotational velocities of brown dwarfs
• Planets Around Low-Mass Stars (PALMS). III. A Young Dusty L Dwarf Companion at the Deuterium-Burning Limit
• A Disk Around the Planetary-Mass Companion GSC 06214-00210 b: Clues About the Formation of Gas Giants on Wide Orbits
• Chandra Study of Young Stellar Objects in the NGC 1333 Star-forming Cloud
• The Carina-Near Moving Group
• A Sensitive Search for Variability in Late L Dwarfs: The Quest for Weather
• On the Terminal Rotation Rates of Giant Planets
• BANYAN. V. A Systematic All-Sky Survey for New Very Late-Type Low-Mass Stars and Brown Dwarfs in Nearby Young Moving Groups
• Unusually Wide Binaries: Are They Wide or Unusual?
• New rotation period measurements for M dwarfs in the southern hemisphere: an abundance of slowly rotating, fully convective stars
• The Strongest Magnetic Fields on the Coolest Brown Dwarfs
• SPECULOOS -- Ultracool Dwarf Transit Survey: Target List and Strategy
• All-sky Co-moving Recovery Of Nearby Young Members. (ACRONYM) II: The Beta Pictoris Moving Group
• A Volume-Limited Sample of Ultracool Dwarfs. I. Construction, Space Density, and a Gap in the L/T Transition
• Short dissipation times of proto-planetary discs - an artifact of selection effects?
• Doppler Imaging of Exoplanets and Brown Dwarfs
• Physical Properties of Young Brown Dwarfs and Very Low-Mass Stars Inferred from High-Resolution Model Spectra
• $ExtrasolarStorms$: Pressure-dependent Changes In Light Curve Phase In Brown Dwarfs From Simultaneous $Hubble$ and $Spitzer$ Observations
• A Volume-limited Sample of 63 M7--M9.5 Dwarfs I. Space Motion, Kinematic Age, and Lithium
• The Nearby, Young, Argus Association: Membership, Age, and Dusty Debris Disks
• The CHARA Array Angular Diameter of HR 8799 Favors Planetary Masses for Its Imaged Companions
• Discovery of Rotational Modulations in the Planetary-Mass Companion 2M1207b: Intermediate Rotation Period and Heterogeneous Clouds in a Low Gravity Atmosphere
• TESS reveals that the nearby Pisces-Eridanus stellar stream is only 120 Myr old
• Spectroscopic Confirmation of Young Planetary-Mass Companions on Wide Orbits
• Trigonometric Parallaxes for 1,507 Nearby Mid-to-Late M-dwarfs
• Planets Around Low-Mass Stars (PALMS). I. A Substellar Companion to the Young M Dwarf 1RXS J235133.3+312720
• The Gemini NICI Planet-Finding Campaign: Discovery of a Multiple System Orbiting the Young A Star HD 1160
• Let the Great World Spin: Revealing the Stormy, Turbulent Nature of Young Giant Exoplanet Analogs with the Spitzer Space Telescope
• The mass of Beta Pictoris c from Beta Pictoris b orbital motion
• Wide, Cool and Ultracool Companions to Nearby Stars from Pan-STARRS1
• Keck/NIRC2 $L$'-Band Imaging of Jovian-Mass Accreting Protoplanets around PDS 70
• Meeting the Cool Neighbors VII: Spectroscopy of faint, red NLTT dwarfs
• Evidence for a circumplanetary disk around protoplanet PDS 70 b
• Rotation and variability of very low mass stars and brown dwarfs near Epsilon Ori
• A new benchmark T8-9 brown dwarf and a couple of new mid-T dwarfs from the UKIDSS DR5+ LAS
• Impact of a new H/He equation of state on the evolution of massive brown dwarfs. New determination of the hydrogen burning limit
• Direct discovery of the inner exoplanet in the HD206893 system. Evidence for deuterium burning in a planetary-mass companion
• K2 Ultracool Dwarfs Survey. III. White Light Flares are Ubiquitous in M6-L0 Dwarfs
• Detection and Bulk Properties of the HR 8799 Planets with High Resolution Spectroscopy
• Radial Velocity Measurements of HR 8799 b and c with Medium Resolution Spectroscopy
• Two Directly Imaged, Wide-orbit Giant Planets around the Young, Solar Analog TYC 8998-760-1
• AF Lep b: the lowest mass planet detected coupling astrometric and direct imaging data
• Direct imaging discovery of a super-Jovian around the young Sun-like star AF Leporis
• Probing the Physical Properties of Directly Imaged Gas Giant Exoplanets Through Polarization
• Spectroscopy of new brown dwarf members of rho Ophiuchi and an updated initial mass function
• Direct Imaging and Astrometric Detection of a Gas Giant Planet Orbiting an Accelerating Star
• The Luminosities of the Coldest Brown Dwarfs
• Variability in a Young, L/T Transition Planetary-Mass Object
• The Hawaii Infrared Parallax Program. IV. A Comprehensive Parallax Survey of L0-T8 dwarfs with UKIRT
• Improved Dynamical Masses for Six Brown Dwarf Companions Using Hipparcos and Gaia EDR3
• LBT observations of the HR 8799 planetary system: First detection of HR8799e in H band
• SIMP J013656.5+093347 is Likely a Planetary-Mass Object in the Carina-Near Moving Group
• A Survey for H-alpha Emission from Late L dwarfs and T dwarfs
• Simultaneous, Multi-Wavelength Variability Characterization of the Free-Floating Planetary Mass Object PSO J318.5-22
• Astrometric Accelerations as Dynamical Beacons: A Giant Planet Imaged Inside the Debris Disk of the Young Star AF Lep
• Lithium abundance patterns of late-F stars: an in-depth analysis of the lithium desert
• Astrometric follow-up observations of directly imaged sub-stellar companions to young stars and brown dwarfs
• A Clear View of a Cloudy Brown Dwarf Companion from High-Resolution Spectroscopy
• Astrometric and photometric initial mass functions from the UKIDSS Galactic Clusters Survey: I The Pleiades
• The Enigmatic Young Low-Mass Variable TWA 30
• In-depth study of moderately young but extremely red, very dusty substellar companion HD206893B
• Cloud Atlas: Discovery of Patchy Clouds and High-amplitude Rotational Modulations In a Young, Extremely Red L-type Brown Dwarf
• A Model-Independent Mass and Moderate Eccentricity for $\beta$ Pic b
• Precise Dynamical Masses and Orbital Fits for $\beta$ Pic b and $\beta$ Pic c
• The orbits of subdwarf-B + main-sequence binaries: III. The period - eccentricity distribution
• Spitzer Variability Properties of Low-Gravity L Dwarfs
• The star formation history of Upper Scorpius and Ophiuchus
• Direct Imaging Discovery and Dynamical Mass of a Substellar Companion Orbiting an Accelerating Hyades Sun-like Star with SCExAO/CHARIS
• Weather on Other Worlds. V. The Three Most Rapidly Rotating Ultra-Cool Dwarfs
• Angular momentum evolution of young low-mass stars and brown dwarfs: observations and theory
• Spectral Variability of VHS J1256-1257 b from 1 to 5 $\mu$m
• Obliquity Constraints on an Extrasolar Planetary-Mass Companion
• A survey of the linear polarization of directly imaged exoplanets and brown dwarf companions with SPHERE-IRDIS. First polarimetric detections revealing disks around DH Tau B and GSC 6214-210 B
• Characterizing the performance of the NIRC2 vortex coronagraph at W.M. Keck Observatory
• Rotation Periods, Inclinations, and Obliquities of Cool Stars Hosting Directly Imaged Substellar Companions: Spin-Orbit Misalignments are Common
• Deep exploration of the planets HR 8799 b, c, and d with moderate resolution spectroscopy
• A temperate super-Jupiter imaged with JWST in the mid-infrared
• SCExAO/CHARIS Near-Infrared Direct Imaging, Spectroscopy, and Forward-Modeling of kappa And b: A Likely Young, Low-Gravity Superjovian Companion
• Variable magnetic field geometry of the young sun HN Peg (HD 206860)
• Young Stars Near Earth: The Octans-Near Association and Castor Moving Group
• A Search for Variability in Exoplanet Analogues and Low-Gravity Brown Dwarfs
• ALMA Measurements of Circumstellar Material in the GQ Lup System
• The Young L Dwarf 2MASS J11193254-1137466 is a Planetary-Mass Binary
• Evaluating Rotation Periods of M Dwarfs Across the Ages
• Variability of the Lowest Mass Objects in the AB Doradus Moving Group
• Assessing the C/O Ratio Formation Diagnostic: A Potential Trend with Companion Mass
• Testing pre-main sequence models: the power of a Bayesian approach
• GQ Lup B Visible & Near-Infrared Photometric Analysis
• Near-infrared integral-field spectra of the planet/brown dwarf companion AB Pic b
• SCExAO/CHARIS Direct Imaging Discovery of a 20 au Separation, Low-Mass Ratio Brown Dwarf Companion to an Accelerating Sun-like Star
• Characterization of the gaseous companion κ Andromedae b: New Keck and LBTI high-contrast observations
• Fourteen New Companions from the Keck & Lick Radial Velocity Survey Including Five Brown Dwarf Candidates
• Four-of-a-kind? Comprehensive atmospheric characterisation of the HR 8799 planets with VLTI/GRAVITY
• The low-mass population of the Rho Ophiuchi molecular cloud
• Adaptive Optics imaging of VHS 1256-1257: A Low Mass Companion to a Brown Dwarf Binary System
• First High-Contrast Science with an Integral Field Spectrograph: the Sub-Stellar Companion to GQ Lup
• Near-IR integral-field spectroscopy of the companion to GQ Lup
• The TRENDS High-Contrast Imaging Survey. VI. Discovery of a Mass, Age, and Metallicity Benchmark Brown Dwarf
• The Radial and Rotational Velocities of PSO J318.5338$-$22.8603, a Newly Confirmed Planetary-Mass Member of the $\beta$ Pictoris Moving Group
• As the Worlds Turn: Constraining Spin Evolution in the Planetary-Mass Regime
• Rotational Velocities of Individual Components in Very Low Mass Binaries
• Searching for Scatterers: High-Contrast Imaging of Young Stars Hosting Wide-Separation Planetary-Mass Companions
• The Hawaii Infrared Parallax Program. V. New T-Dwarf Members and Candidate Members of Nearby Young Moving Groups
• A universal spin-mass relation for brown dwarfs and planets
• Retrieving the C and O Abundances of HR 7672~AB: a Solar-Type Primary Star with a Benchmark Brown Dwarf
• LP 349-25: a new tight M8V binary
• Astrometric Accelerations as Dynamical Beacons: Discovery and Characterization of HIP 21152 B, the First T-Dwarf Companion in the Hyades
• Peering into the Young Planetary System AB Pic. Atmosphere, Orbit, Obliquity & Second Planetary Candidate
• The Hawaii Infrared Parallax Program. III. 2MASS J0249-0557 c: A Wide Planetary-mass Companion to a Low-mass Binary in the beta Pic Moving Group
• The Age of the Directly-Imaged Planet Host Star $\kappa$ Andromedae Determined From Interferometric Observations
• Retrieving C and O Abundance of HR 8799 c by Combining High- and Low-Resolution Data
• Cloud Atlas: Rotational Spectral Modulations and potential Sulfide Clouds in the Planetary-mass, Late T-type Companion Ross 458C
• Keck/KPIC Emission Spectroscopy of WASP-33b
• Considerations for Atmospheric Retrieval of High-Precision Brown Dwarf Spectra
• TESS Hunt for Young and Maturing Exoplanets (THYME) IX: a 27 Myr extended population of Lower-Centaurus Crux with a transiting two-planet system
• The Impact of Bayesian Hyperpriors on the Population-Level Eccentricity Distribution of Imaged Planets
• The ESO SupJup Survey III: Confirmation of 13CO in YSES 1 b and Atmospheric Detection of YSES 1 c with CRIRES+
• Cloud Atlas: Rotational Modulations in the L/T Transition Brown Dwarf Companion HN Peg B
• Cloud Atlas: Discovery of Rotational Spectral Modulations in a Low-mass, L-type Brown Dwarf Companion to a Star
• The B-Star Exoplanet Abundance Study: a co-moving 16-25 Mjup companion to the young binary system HIP 79098
• Stellar Characterization of Keck HIRES Spectra with The Cannon
• The Young Substellar Companion ROXs 12 B: Near-Infrared Spectrum, System Architecture, and Spin-Orbit Misalignment
• Radial velocity photon limits for the dwarf stars of spectral classes F--M
• Radial and rotational velocities of young brown dwarfs and very low-mass stars in the Upper Scorpius OB association and the rho Ophiuchi cloud core
• A PSF-based Approach to TESS High quality data Of Stellar clusters (PATHOS) -- III. Exploring the properties of young associations through their variables, dippers, and candidate exoplanets
• Rotation Periods of Young Brown Dwarfs: K2 Survey in Upper Scorpius
• Cloud Atlas: High-Contrast Time-Resolved Observations of Planetary-Mass Companions
• A 1.46-2.48 $\mu$m Spectroscopic Atlas of a T6 Dwarf (1060 K) Atmosphere with IGRINS: First Detections of H${}_2$S and H${}_2$, and Verification of H${}_2$O, CH${}_4$, and NH${}_3$ Line Lists
• Characterizing the protolunar disk of the accreting companion GQ Lupi B
• Moderate-Resolution $K$-Band Spectroscopy of Substellar Companion $\kappa$ Andromedae b
• The Orbital Eccentricities of Directly Imaged Companions Using Observable-Based Priors: Implications for Population-level Distributions
• Detection of new strongly variable brown dwarfs in the L/T transition
• Cloud Atlas: Weak color modulations due to rotation in the planetary-mass companion GU Psc b and 11 other brown dwarfs
• Breaking the centrifugal barrier to giant planet contraction by magnetic disc braking
• The cool brown dwarf Gliese 229 B is a close binary
• The SpeX Prism Library Analysis Toolkit (SPLAT): A Data Curation Model
• Periodic Radio Emission from the T8 Dwarf WISE J062309.94-045624.6
• GPI Spectroscopy of the Mass, Age, and Metallicity Benchmark Brown Dwarf HD 4747 B
• Cloud Atlas: Variability in and out of the Water Band in the Planetary-mass HD 203030B Points to Cloud Sedimentation in Low-gravity L Dwarfs
• Improved radius determinations for the transiting brown dwarf population in the era of Gaia and TESS
• Discovery of a Low-Mass Companion to the F7V star HD 984
• VLT/SPHERE astrometric confirmation and orbital analysis of the brown dwarf companion HR 2562 B
• A dusty benchmark brown dwarf near the ice line of HD 72946
• A Rotation Rate for the Planetary-Mass Companion DH Tau b
• Phase II of the Keck Planet Imager and Characterizer: system-level laboratory characterization and preliminary on-sky commissioning
• The Corona Australis star formation complex is accelerating away from the Galactic plane
• Dependence of Kinematics on the Age of Stars in the Solar Neighborhood
• Cloud Atlas: High-precision HST/WFC3/IR Time-Resolved Observations of Directly-Imaged Exoplanet HD106906b
• Boundary Layer Circumplanetary Accretion: How Fast Could an Unmagnetized Planet Spin Up Through Its Disk?
• Surveying Nearby Brown Dwarfs with HGCA: Direct Imaging Discovery of a Faint, High-Mass Brown Dwarf Orbiting HD 176535 A
• A Mid-Infrared Study of Directly-Imaged Planetary-Mass Companions using Archival Spitzer/IRAC Images
• Characterising brown dwarf companions with IRDIS long-slit spectroscopy: HD 1160 B and HD 19467 B
• Spitzer Light Curves of the Young, Planetary-Mass TW Hya Members 2MASS J11193254-1137466AB and WISEA J114724.10-204021.3
• A search for photometric variability in the young T3.5 planetary-mass companion GU Psc b
• The evolution of lithium in FGK dwarf stars: The Li rotation connection and the Li desert
• Rotation and Abundances of the Benchmark Brown Dwarf HD 33632 Ab from Keck/KPIC High-resolution Spectroscopy
• Leaning Sideways: VHS 1256-1257 b is a Super-Jupiter with a Uranus-like Obliquity
• Fresh view of the hot brown dwarf HD 984 B through high-resolution spectroscopy
• Atmospheric characterization of the super-Jupiter HIP 99770 b with KPIC
• VLTI/GRAVITY Observations and Characterization of the Brown Dwarf Companion HD 72946 B
• The Rotation-Disk Connection in Young Brown Dwarfs: Strong Evidence for Early Rotational Braking
• Detecting Exoplanets Closer to Stars with Moderate Spectral Resolution Integral-Field Spectroscopy
• Discovery of the Exceptionally Short Period Ultracool Dwarf Binary LP 413-53AB
• Star Formation in the rho Ophiuchi Molecular Cloud
• Exploring the directly imaged HD 1160 system through spectroscopic characterization and high-cadence variability monitoring
• Technical description and performance of the phase II version of the Keck Planet Imager and Characterizer
• PDS 70b Shows Stellar-like Carbon-to-oxygen Ratio
• The 3D Kinematics of the Orion Nebula Cluster II: Mass-dependent Kinematics of the Inner Cluster