A Theory of Extrasolar Giant Planets

Abstract

We present a broad suite of models of extrasolar giant planets (EGP's), ranging in mass from 0.3 to 15 Jupiter masses. The models predict luminosity (both reflected and emitted) as a function of age, mass, deuterium abundance and distance from parent stars of various spectral type. We also explore the effects of helium mass fraction, rotation rate and the presence of a rock-ice core. The models incorporate the most accurate available equation of state for the interior, including a new theory for the enhancement of deuterium fusion by electron screening which is potentially important in these low mass objects. The results of our calculations reveal the enormous sensitivity of EGP's to the presence of the parent star, particularly for G and earlier spectral types. They also show a strong sensitivity of the flux contrast in the mid-infrared between parent star and EGP to the mass and age of the EGP's. We interpret our results in terms of search strategies for ground- and space-based observatories in place or anticipated in the near future.

22 pages of text, 5 pages of tables, 15 figures in uuencoded postscript format, soon to be available at URL http://lepton.physics.arizona.edu:8000/, accepted for publication in the Ap.J

Cited by in corpus (118)

• Galactic Stellar and Substellar Initial Mass Function
• Evolutionary models for cool brown dwarfs and extrasolar giant planets. The case of HD 20945
• A Non-Gray Theory of Extrasolar Giant Planets and Brown Dwarfs
• Planetary Radii across Five Orders of Magnitude in Mass and Stellar Insolation: Application to Transits
• The Evolution of L and T Dwarfs in Color-Magnitude Diagrams
• Evolutionary models for low-mass stars and brown dwarfs: uncertainties and limits at very young ages
• Theory of Low-Mass Stars and Substellar Objects
• On the radiative equilibrium of irradiated planetary atmospheres
• The Interiors of Giant Planets: Models and Outstanding Questions
• Evolution of "51Peg b-like" Planets
• Albedo and Reflection Spectra of Extrasolar Giant Planets
• Structure and evolution of super-Earth to super-Jupiter exoplanets: I. heavy element enrichment in the interior
• Orbital Evolution and Migration of Giant Planets: Modeling Extrasolar Planets
• Atmospheric, Evolutionary, and Spectral Models of the Brown Dwarf Gliese 229 B
• Reflected Spectra and Albedos of Extrasolar Giant Planets I: Clear and Cloudy Atmospheres
• The Deuterium-Burning Mass Limit for Brown Dwarfs and Giant Planets
• Theoretical Spectra and Atmospheres of Extrasolar Giant Planets
• Synthetic Spectra and Colors of Young Giant Planet Atmospheres: Effects of Initial Conditions and Atmospheric Metallicity
• Infrared Spectroscopy of Substellar Objects in Orion
• Stellar structure models in modified theories of gravity: lessons and challenges
• The Near-Infrared and Optical Spectra of Methane Dwarfs and Brown Dwarfs
• On the Radii of Close-in Giant Planets
• Distances, Luminosities, and Temperatures of the Coldest Known Substellar Objects
• Can Planets survive Stellar Evolution?
• The physical properties of extrasolar planets
• Six New Planets from the Keck Precision Velocity Survey
• Lithium and Halpha in stars and brown dwarfs of sigma Orionis
• Extrasolar Giant Planets under Strong Stellar Irradiation
• Irradiated Planets
• Evidence of an Upper Bound on the Masses of Planets and its Implications for Giant Planet Formation
• Constraining the initial entropy of directly-detected exoplanets
• 2MASSJ035523.51+113337.4: A Young, Dusty, Nearby, Isolated Brown Dwarf Resembling A Giant Exoplanet
• The Substellar Mass Function in sigma Orionis
• Discovery of a Low-Mass Brown Dwarf Companion of the Young Nearby Star G196-3
• A non-grey analytical model for irradiated atmospheres. I: Derivation
• On the Absorption and Redistribution of Energy in Irradiated Planets
• Extra-Solar Planets
• Self-Consistent Model Atmospheres and the Cooling of the Solar System's Giant Planets
• Hot-Jupiters and hot-Neptunes: a common origin?
• A Methane Isolated Planetary Mass Object in Orion
• Aerosols in Exoplanet Atmospheres
• Discovery of a Young Substellar Companion in Chamaeleon
• Young, Low-Mass Brown Dwarfs with Mid-Infrared Excesses
• Testing Gravity Using Dwarf Stars
• From Stars to Super-planets: the Low-Mass IMF in the Young Cluster IC348
• On the Origin of HD149026b
• Discovery of a wide companion near the deuterium burning mass limit in the Upper Scorpius association
• Do Proto-Jovian Planets Drive Outflows?
• A Critical Examination of Li Pollution and Giant Planet Consumption by a Host Star
• Deuterium-burning in substellar objects
• A New Hybrid N-Body-Coagulation Code for the Formation of Gas Giant Planets
• A search for starlight reflected from upsilon And's innermost planet
• Detecting isotopologues in exoplanet atmospheres using ground-based high-dispersion spectroscopy
• Formation, Orbital and Internal Evolutions of Young Planetary Systems
• Tidally-driven Roche-Lobe Overflow of Hot Jupiters with MESA
• The secondary eclipses of WASP-19b as seen by the ASTEP 400 telescope from Antarctica
• Optical spectroscopy of isolated planetary mass objects in the sigma Orionis cluster
• Infrared Spectroscopy and Analysis of Brown Dwarf and Planetary Mass Objects in the Orion Nebula Cluster
• Giant Planets
• A Uniform Retrieval Analysis of Ultracool Dwarfs. III. Properties of Y-Dwarfs
• Measuring Fundamental Parameters of Substellar Objects. I: Surface Gravities
• The Structure of Exoplanets
• Photometric variability of young brown dwarfs in the sigma Orionis open cluster
• Search for free-floating planetary-mass objects in the Pleiades
• Hot-Jupiter Inflation due to Deep Energy Deposition
• The detection and characterisation of 54 massive companions with the SOPHIE spectrograph -- 7 new brown dwarfs and constraints on the BD desert
• Deuterium burning in objects forming via the core accretion scenario - Brown dwarfs or planets?
• A precise architecture characterization of the $\pi$ Men planetary system
• Trigonometric parallaxes of young field L dwarfs
• Liquid metallic hydrogen and the structure of brown dwarfs and giant planets
• Millimagnitude Photometry for Transiting Extrasolar Planetary Candidates III: Accurate Radius and Period for OGLE-TR-111-b
• Probing Dust in the Atmosphere of Brown Dwarfs Through Polarization
• An L-type substellar object in Orion: reaching the mass boundary between brown dwarfs and giant planets
• The Dawes Review 3: The Atmospheres of Extrasolar Planets and Brown Dwarfs
• The Transit Light Curve Project. VIII. Six Occultations of the Exoplanet TrES-3
• Explorations into the Viability of Coupled Radius-Orbit Evolutionary Models for Inflated Planets
• Retrieval of SDSS J1416+1348AB
• Astrometric Accelerations as Dynamical Beacons: Discovery and Characterization of HIP 21152 B, the First T-Dwarf Companion in the Hyades
• Probing Structures of Distant Extrasolar Planets with Microlensing
• Extreme adaptive optics imaging with a clear and well-corrected off-axis telescope sub-aperture
• Measuring the D/H Ratios of Exoplanets and Brown Dwarfs
• Metallicity, planetary formation and migration
• Dynamical Mass of the Young Substellar Companion HD 984 B
• Possible Observational Criteria for Distinguishing Brown Dwarfs from Planets
• NICMOS Narrow-band Infrared Photometry of TW Hya Association Stars
• Activity at the Deuterium-Burning Mass Limit in Orion
• Optical and Near-Infrared Spectra of sigma Orionis Isolated Planetary-mass Objects
• A Reanalysis of the Fundamental Parameters and Age of TRAPPIST-1
• Explaining the Observed Polarization from Brown Dwarfs by Single Dust Scattering
• Search and characterization of T-type planetary mass candidates in the sigma Orionis cluster
• Optimized modeling of Gaia-Hipparcos astrometry for the detection of the smallest cold Jupiter and confirmation of seven low mass companions
• An explanation for the gap in the Gaia HRD for M dwarfs
• From Stellar Coronæ to Gyrochronology: a theoretical and observational exploration
• Chemical analysis of early-type stars with planets
• The first retrieval of a substellar subdwarf: A cloud-free SDSS J125637.13-022452.4
• Jupiter and jovian (exo)-planets in Palatini $f(\bar{R})$ gravity
• Halo dark clusters of brown dwarfs and molecular clouds
• The electronic bands of CrD, CrH, MgD and MgH: application to the "deuterium test"
• Understanding Fundamental Properties and Atmospheric Features of Subdwarfs via a Case Study of SDSS J125637.13-022452.4
• Electromagnetic signals from planetary collisions
• A non-uniform distribution of the nearest brown dwarfs
• Gravitational waves emitted by extrasolar planetary systems
• Cooling process of substellar objects in scalar-tensor gravity
• Tidally Heated Exomoons around $\epsilon$ Eridani b: Observability and prospects for characterization
• A Comparative L-dwarf Sample Exploring the Interplay Between Atmospheric Assumptions and Data Properties
• The infrared colors of 51 Eridani b: micrometereoid dust or chemical disequilibrium?
• Probing the Substellar Regime with SIRTF
• Search for transiting exoplanets and variable stars in the open cluster NGC 7243
• Are Am stars and hot-Jupiter planets related?
• Distinct Rotational Evolution of Giant Planets and Brown Dwarf Companions
• Humid Evolution of Haze in the Atmosphere of Super-Earths in the Habitable Zone
• The Sonora Brown Dwarf Atmosphere and Evolution Models I. Model Description and Application to Cloudless Atmospheres in Rainout Chemical Equilibrium
• Effects of Rotation on the Spectra of Brown Dwarfs
• BD-14 3065b (TOI-4987b): from giant planet to brown dwarf: evidence for deuterium burning in old age?
• Dark Dwarfs: Dark Matter-Powered Sub-Stellar Objects Awaiting Discovery at the Galactic Center
• Theortetical Models of Extrasolar Giant Planets
• From stars to nuclei
• The Gaia Ultracool Dwarf Sample -- IV. GTC/OSIRIS optical spectra of Gaia late-M and L dwarfs