The Hawaii Infrared Parallax Program. III. 2MASS J0249-0557 c: A Wide Planetary-mass Companion to a Low-mass Binary in the beta Pic Moving Group

Abstract

We have discovered a wide planetary-mass companion to the $\beta$ Pic moving group member 2MASSJ02495639-0557352 (M6 VL-G) using CFHT/WIRCam astrometry from the Hawaii Infrared Parallax Program. In addition, Keck laser guide star adaptive optics aperture-masking interferometry shows that the host is itself a tight binary. Altogether, 2MASSJ0249-0557ABc is a bound triple system with an $11.6_{-1.3}^{+1.0}$ $M_{\mathrm{Jup}}$ object separated by $1950\pm 200$ AU (40") from a relatively close ($2.17\pm 0.22$ AU, 0.04") pair of $48_{-13}^{+12}$ $M_{\mathrm{Jup}}$ and $44_{-14}^{+11}$ $M_{\mathrm{Jup}}$ objects. 2MASSJ0249-0557AB is one of the few ultracool binaries to be discovered in a young moving group and the first confirmed in the $\beta$ Pic moving group ($22\pm 6$ Myr). The mass, absolute magnitudes, and spectral type of 2MASSJ0249-0557 c (L2 VL-G) are remarkably similar to those of the planet $\beta$ Pic b (L2, $13.0_{-0.3}^{+0.4}$ $M_{\mathrm{Jup}}$). We also find that the free-floating object 2MASSJ2208+2921 (L3 VL-G) is another possible $\beta$ Pic moving group member with colors and absolute magnitudes similar to $\beta$ Pic b and 2MASSJ0249-0557 c. $\beta$ Pic b is the first directly imaged planet to have a "twin," namely an object of comparable properties in the same stellar association. Such directly imaged objects provide a unique opportunity to measure atmospheric composition, variability, and rotation across different pathways of assembling planetary-mass objects from the same natal material.

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