HD 106906 b: A planetary-mass companion outside a massive debris disk

Abstract

We report the discovery of a planetary-mass companion, HD 106906 b, with the new Magellan Adaptive Optics (MagAO) + Clio2 system. The companion is detected with Clio2 in three bands: $J$, $K_S$, and $L^{\prime }$, and lies at a projected separation of 7.1'' (650 AU). It is confirmed to be comoving with its $13\pm 2$ Myr-old F5 host using Hubble Space Telescope/Advanced Camera for Surveys astrometry over a time baseline of 8.3 yr. DUSTY and COND evolutionary models predict the companion's luminosity corresponds to a mass of $11\pm 2M_{Jup}$, making it one of the most widely separated planetary-mass companions known. We classify its Magellan/Folded-Port InfraRed Echellette $J/H/K$ spectrum as L$2.5\pm 1$; the triangular $H$-band morphology suggests an intermediate surface gravity. HD 106906 A, a pre-main-sequence Lower Centaurus Crux member, was initially targeted because it hosts a massive debris disk detected via infrared excess emission in unresolved Spitzer imaging and spectroscopy. The disk emission is best fit by a single component at 95 K, corresponding to an inner edge of 15-20 AU and an outer edge of up to 120 AU. If the companion is on an eccentric ($e>0.65$) orbit, it could be interacting with the outer edge of the disk. Close-in, planet-like formation followed by scattering to the current location would likely disrupt the disk and is disfavored. Furthermore, we find no additional companions, though we could detect similar-mass objects at projected separations $>35$ AU. In situ formation in a binary-star-like process is more probable, although the companion-to-primary mass ratio, at $<1\%$, is unusually small.

7 pages, 3 figures, accepted to ApJL

References in corpus (8)

• The Stellar Population of the Chamaeleon I Star-Forming Region
• Direct Imaging and Spectroscopy of a Planetary Mass Candidate Companion to a Young Solar Analog
• The Planetary Mass Companion 2MASS1207-3932 B: Temperature, Mass and Evidence for an Edge-On Disk
• Resolved Debris Discs Around A Stars in the Herschel DEBRIS Survey
• Near-infrared cross-dispersed spectroscopy of brown dwarf candidates in the Upper Sco association
• Confidence Level and Sensitivity Limits in High Contrast Imaging
• A Survey for Massive Giant Planets in Debris Disks with Evacuated Inner Cavities
• Clio: a 3-5 micron AO planet-finding camera

Cited by in corpus (128)

• Discovery of a planetary-mass companion within the gap of the transition disk around PDS 70
• Discovery and spectroscopy of the young Jovian planet 51 Eri b with the Gemini Planet Imager
• The Gemini Planet Imager Exoplanet Survey: Giant Planet and Brown Dwarf Demographics From 10-100 AU
• The Mid-Infrared Instrument for the James Webb Space Telescope I: Introduction
• Imaging Extrasolar Giant Planets
• The Hawaii Infrared Parallax Program. II. Young Ultracool Field Dwarfs
• Discovery of a warm, dusty giant planet around HIP65426
• Discovery of a young planetary mass companion to the nearby M dwarf VHS J125601.92-125723.9
• Spectral and atmospheric characterization of 51 Eridani b using VLT/SPHERE
• First light of the VLT planet finder SPHERE. II. The physical properties and the architecture of the young systems PZ Tel and HD 1160 revisited
• The Degree of Alignment Between Circumbinary Disks and Their Binary Hosts
• C/O Ratios of Stars with Transiting Hot Jupiter Exoplanets
• Magellan Adaptive Optics first-light observations of the exoplanet beta Pic b. II. 3-5 micron direct imaging with MagAO+Clio, and the empirical bolometric luminosity of a self-luminous giant planet
• Spectroscopic Confirmation of Young Planetary-Mass Companions on Wide Orbits
• A narrow, edge-on disk resolved around HD 106906 with SPHERE
• A Comprehensive Census of Nearby Infrared Excess Stars
• Spectroscopic characterization of HD 95086 b with the Gemini Planet Imager
• Wide, Cool and Ultracool Companions to Nearby Stars from Pan-STARRS1
• A Primer on Unifying Debris Disk Morphologies
• The GJ 504 system revisited. Combining interferometric, radial velocity, and high contrast imaging data
• The Correlation Between Metallicity and Debris Disk mass
• A Direct Imaging Survey of Spitzer detected debris disks: Occurrence of giant planets in dusty systems
• Evolution of Gas Giant Entropy During Formation by Runaway Accretion
• The BEBOP radial-velocity survey for circumbinary planets I. Eight years of CORALIE observations of 47 single-line eclipsing binaries and abundance constraints on the masses of circumbinary planets
• In-depth study of moderately young but extremely red, very dusty substellar companion HD206893B
• Debris Distribution in HD 95086 - A Young Analog of HR 8799
• The SEEDS High Contrast Imaging Survey of Exoplanets around Young Stellar Objects
• A medium-resolution spectrum of the exoplanet HIP 65426 b
• Rotation Periods, Inclinations, and Obliquities of Cool Stars Hosting Directly Imaged Substellar Companions: Spin-Orbit Misalignments are Common
• On the Mass Function, Multiplicity, and Origins of Wide-Orbit Giant Planets
• The LEECH Exoplanet Imaging Survey. Further constraints on the planet architecture of the HR 8799 system
• Discovery of Seven Companions to Intermediate Mass Stars with Extreme Mass Ratios in the Scorpius-Centaurus Association
• An ALMA Disk Mass for the Candidate Protoplanetary Companion to FW Tau
• SPOTS: The Search for Planets Orbiting Two Stars: II. First constraints on the frequency of sub-stellar companions on wide circumbinary orbits
• The dynamical fate of planetary systems in young star clusters
• A wide-orbit giant planet in the high-mass b Centauri binary system
• GW Ori: Interactions Between a Triple-star System and its Circumtriple Disk in Action
• Polarized scattered light from self-luminous exoplanets. Three-dimensional scattering radiative transfer with ARTES
• Planets Around Low-Mass Stars (PALMS). VI. Discovery of a Remarkably Red Planetary-Mass Companion to the AB Dor Moving Group Candidate 2MASS J22362452+4751425
• The migration of gas giant planets in gravitationally unstable discs
• MagAO: Status and on-sky performance of the Magellan adaptive optics system
• As the Worlds Turn: Constraining Spin Evolution in the Planetary-Mass Regime
• Orbital dynamics of circumbinary planets
• Host star metallicity of directly imaged wide-orbit planets: implications for planet formation
• Discovery of a directly imaged planet to the young solar analog YSES 2
• On the origin of the wide-orbit circumbinary giant planet HD 106906: A dynamical scenario and its impact on the disk
• The effect of radiative feedback on disc fragmentation
• ALMA 1.3 Millimeter Map of the HD 95086 System
• Orbital Stability of Multi-Planet Systems: Behavior at High Masses
• Constraints on the architecture of the HD 95086 planetary system with the Gemini Planet Imager
• Discovery of an Edge-on Debris Disk with a Dust Ring and an Outer Disk Wing-tilt Asymmetry
• HD 106906: A Case Study for External Perturbations of a Debris Disk
• First direct detection of a polarized companion outside of a resolved circumbinary disk around CS Cha
• Circumstellar Debris Disks: Diagnosing the Unseen Perturber
• A HARPS RV search for planets around young nearby stars
• Accretion signatures in the X-shooter spectrum of the substellar companion to SR12
• L'-band AGPM vector vortex coronagraph's first light on LBTI/LMIRCam
• Bringing "The Moth" to Light: A Planet-Sculpting Scenario for the HD 61005 Debris Disk
• Active correction of aperture discontinuities - optimized stroke minimization II: optimization for future missions
• The B-Star Exoplanet Abundance Study: a co-moving 16-25 Mjup companion to the young binary system HIP 79098
• The Young Substellar Companion ROXs 12 B: Near-Infrared Spectrum, System Architecture, and Spin-Orbit Misalignment
• SPOTS: The Search for Planets Orbiting Two Stars. III. Complete Sample and Statistical Analysis
• BEBOP III. Observations and an independent mass measurement of Kepler-16 (AB) b -- the first circumbinary planet detected with radial velocities
• Making Planet Nine: Pebble Accretion at 250--750 AU in a Gravitationally Unstable Ring
• First detection of orbital motion for HD 106906 b: A wide-separation exoplanet on a Planet Nine-like orbit
• Making Planet Nine: A Scattered Giant in the Outer Solar System
• High Contrast Imaging with Spitzer : Constraining the Frequency of Giant Planets out to 1000 AU separations
• A Near-coplanar Stellar Flyby of the Planet Host Star HD 106906
• Atmospheric characterization of directly imaged exoplanets with JWST/MIRI
• Characterizing HR3549B using SPHERE
• The origin of free-floating planets
• Gemini Planet Imager Spectroscopy of the Dusty Substellar Companion HD 206893 B
• An upper limit on the mass of the circumplanetary disk for DH Tau b
• Orbital and spectral characterization of the benchmark T-type brown dwarf HD 19467B
• Precise radial velocities of giant stars IX. HD 59686 Ab: a massive circumstellar planet orbiting a giant star in a ~13.6 au eccentric binary system
• Long-term stability of the HR 8799 planetary system without resonant lock
• Discovery of a low-mass companion around HR3549
• A dusty benchmark brown dwarf near the ice line of HD 72946
• A debris disk under the influence of a wide planetary mass companion: The system of HD106906
• VLT/SPHERE Multi-Wavelength High-Contrast Imaging of the HD 115600 Debris Disk: New Constraints on the Dust Geometry and the Presence of Young Giant Planets
• Dynamical models to explain observations with SPHERE in planetary systems with double debris belts
• Active correction of aperture discontinuities - optimized stroke minimization I: a new adaptive interaction matrix algorithm
• Encounters involving planetary systems in birth environments: the significant role of binaries
• Searching for gas giant planets on Solar System scales - A NACO/APP L'-band survey of A- and F-type Main Sequence stars
• Cloud Atlas: High-precision HST/WFC3/IR Time-Resolved Observations of Directly-Imaged Exoplanet HD106906b
• First Resolved Scattered-Light Images of Four Debris Disks in Scorpius-Centaurus with the Gemini Planet Imager
• The diverse lives of massive protoplanets in self-gravitating discs
• A Mid-Infrared Study of Directly-Imaged Planetary-Mass Companions using Archival Spitzer/IRAC Images
• Orbiting a binary: SPHERE characterisation of the HD 284149 system
• New spectro-photometric characterization of the substellar object HR 2562 B using SPHERE
• Thermal Infrared Imaging and Atmospheric Modeling of VHS J125601.92-125723.9 b: Evidence for Moderately Thick Clouds and Equilibrium Carbon Chemistry in a Hierarchical Triple System
• USco1621 B and USco1556 B: Two wide companions at the deuterium-burning mass limit in Upper Scorpius
• The case of HD 106906 debris disc: A binary's revenge
• A HARPS radial velocity search for planets in the Scorpius-Centaurus association. And its combination with the HARPS and SOPHIE young nearby stars (YNS) surveys
• A Deep Polarimetric Study of the Asymmetrical Debris Disk HD 106906
• Into the Blue: AO Science with MagAO in the Visible
• High signal-to-noise spectral characterization of the planetary-mass object HD 106906 b
• Magellan AO System $z^{\prime }$, $Y_S$, and $L^{\prime }$ Observations of the Very Wide 650 AU HD 106906 Planetary System
• MagAO: Status and Science
• A Pluto-Charon Sonata: The Dynamical Architecture of the Circumbinary Satellite System
• CS Cha B: A disc-obscured M-type star mimicking a polarised planetary companion
• Development of a subwavelength grating vortex coronagraph of topological charge 4 (SGVC4)
• Direct Imaging discovery of a second planet candidate around the possibly transiting planet host CVSO 30
• The Scorpion Planet Survey: Wide-Orbit Giant Planets Around Young A-type Stars
• Near-Infrared Image of the Debris Disk around HD 15115
• Formation History of HD106906 and the Vertical Warping of Debris Disks by an External Inclined Companion
• Direct imaging of exoplanets in the habitable zone with adaptive optics
• Exploring the directly imaged HD 1160 system through spectroscopic characterization and high-cadence variability monitoring
• ODEA: Orbital Dynamics in a complex Evolving Architecture -- Application to the planetary system HD 106906
• An inner warp discovered in the disk around HD 110058 using VLT/SPHERE and HST/STIS
• Characterization of debris disks observed with SPHERE
• Increasing the census of L and T dwarfs in wide binary and multiple systems using Dark Energy Survey DR1 and Gaia DR2 data
• Unveiling wide-orbit companions to K-type stars in Sco-Cen with Gaia EDR3
• Millimeter Dust Emission and Planetary Dynamics in the HD 106906 System
• Very Large Telescope observations of Gomez's Hamburger: Insights into a young protoplanet candidate
• Search for Stellar Flybys in the Sco-Cen OB Association with the Gaia DR2
• WIde Separation Planets In Time (WISPIT): Two directly imaged exoplanets around the Sun-like stellar binary WISPIT 1
• The VORTEX project: first results and perspectives
• On the survivability of a population of gas giant planets on wide orbits
• Searching for Wide Companions and Identifying Circum(sub)stellar Disks through PSF-Fitting of Spitzer/IRAC Archival Images
• GPI+SPHERE detection of a 6.1 $M_{\text{Jup}}$ circumbinary planet around HD 143811
• Distinct Rotational Evolution of Giant Planets and Brown Dwarf Companions
• Memories of past close encounters in extreme trans-Neptunian space: Finding unseen planets using pure random searches
• HD 143811 AB b: A Directly Imaged Planet Orbiting a Spectroscopic Binary in Sco-Cen
• Early evidence for isotropic planetary obliquities in young super-Jupiter systems
• The Disks In Scorpius-Centaurus Survey (DISCS) I: Four Newly-Resolved Debris Disks in Polarized Intensity Light
• Obliquity Constraints on the Planetary-mass Companion HD 106906 b
• The SPHERE view of multiple star formation