Uncovering the Rapidly Evolving Orbits of the Dynamic TOI-201 System
arXiv:2604.23929 · doi:10.1126/sciadv.aef2618
Abstract
Studying planetary interactions in exoplanet systems informs theories of planet formation and evolution, providing essential context for understanding our own solar system. We combine spectroscopy, transit photometry, transit timing variations, and astrometry to characterize the TOI-201 system. The co-transiting system consists of a super-Earth, warm Jupiter, and massive companion at 5.8, 53, and 2900 day orbital periods, respectively. We perform dynamical simulations to study the past and future of the system. von-Zeipel-Kozai-Lidov oscillations emerge as the most plausible scenario to explain the outer companion's high orbital eccentricity, with planet-planet scattering a possible but less likely contender. Due to non-zero mutual inclinations between the planets, the system is visibly evolving on very short timescales, with the current co-transiting configuration ending in 200 years.
Published in Science Advances
References in corpus (97)
- emcee: The MCMC Hammer
- Gaia Data Release 3: Summary of the content and survey properties
- The generalised Lomb-Scargle periodogram. A new formalism for the floating-mean and Keplerian periodograms
- Evolutionary models for cool brown dwarfs and extrasolar giant planets. The case of HD 20945
- New evolutionary models for pre-main sequence and main sequence low-mass stars down to the hydrogen-burning limit
- Shrinking binary and planetary orbits by Kozai cycles with tidal friction
- A low mass for Mars from Jupiter's early gas-driven migration
- Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network
- REBOUND: An open-source multi-purpose N-body code for collisional dynamics
- batman: BAsic Transit Model cAlculatioN in Python
- Kepler Presearch Data Conditioning II - A Bayesian Approach to Systematic Error Correction
- Fast and scalable Gaussian process modeling with applications to astronomical time series
- Dynamical Outcomes of Planet-Planet Scattering
- On the Unique Solution of Planet and Star Parameters from an Extrasolar Planet Transit Light Curve
- Kepler Presearch Data Conditioning I - Architecture and Algorithms for Error Correction in Kepler Light Curves
- Kepler planets: a tale of evaporation
- Most 1.6 Earth-Radius Planets are not Rocky
- The TESS Input Catalog and Candidate Target List
- AstroImageJ: Image Processing and Photometric Extraction for Ultra-Precise Astronomical Light Curves (Expanded Edition)
- AstroImageJ: Image Processing and Photometric Extraction for Ultra-Precise Astronomical Light Curves
- Evolutionary models for low-mass stars and brown dwarfs: uncertainties and limits at very young ages
- Origins of Hot Jupiters
- A Framework for Prioritizing the TESS Planetary Candidates Most Amenable to Atmospheric Characterization
- Dynamical Origin of Extrasolar Planet Eccentricity Distribution
- RadVel: The Radial Velocity Modeling Toolkit
- Origins of Eccentric Extrasolar Planets: Testing the Planet-Planet Scattering Model
- WHFast: A fast and unbiased implementation of a symplectic Wisdom-Holman integrator for long term gravitational simulations
- Stellar and substellar companions of nearby stars from Gaia DR2 - Binarity from proper motion anomaly
- The TESS Objects of Interest Catalog from the TESS Prime Mission
- Kepler Data Validation I -- Architecture, Diagnostic Tests, and Data Products for Vetting Transiting Planet Candidates
- A new set of atmosphere and evolution models for cool T-Y brown dwarfs and giant exoplanets
- The Deuterium-Burning Mass Limit for Brown Dwarfs and Giant Planets
- Eccentricity from transit photometry: small planets in Kepler multi-planet systems have low eccentricities
- The Hipparcos-Gaia Catalog of Accelerations: Gaia EDR3 Edition
- The Next Generation Transit Survey (NGTS)
- Interactive Supercomputing on 40,000 Cores for Machine Learning and Data Analysis
- Kepler Mission Stellar and Instrument Noise Properties
- Real-time processing of the imaging data from the network of Las Cumbres Observatory Telescopes using BANZAI
- Kepler Data Validation II -- Transit Model Fitting and Multiple-Planet Search
- The Hipparcos-Gaia Catalog of Accelerations
- REBOUNDx: A Library for Adding Conservative and Dissipative Forces to Otherwise Symplectic N-body Integrations
- PyTransit: Fast and Easy Exoplanet Transit Modelling in Python
- Kepler Planet Masses and Eccentricities from TTV Analysis
- Warm Jupiters are less lonely than hot Jupiters: close neighbours
- Hot Jupiters from Coplanar High-eccentricity Migration
- Statistics of Long Period Gas Giant Planets in Known Planetary Systems
- Evidence of an Upper Bound on the Masses of Planets and its Implications for Giant Planet Formation
- Vetting of 384 TESS Objects of Interest with TRICERATOPS and Statistical Validation of 12 Planet Candidates
- Falling Transiting Extrasolar Giant Planets
- Statistical Properties of Brown Dwarf Companions: Implications for Different Formation Mechanisms
- The Dependence of Brown Dwarf Radii on Atmospheric Metallicity and Clouds: Theory and Comparison with Observations
- High Orbital Eccentricities of Extrasolar Planets Induced by the Kozai Mechanism
- Hybrid Symplectic Integrators for Planetary Dynamics
- The In Situ Formation of Giant Planets at Short Orbital Periods
- The destruction of inner planetary systems during high-eccentricity migration of gas giants
- Minerva-Australis I: Design, Commissioning, & First Photometric Results
- Large eccentricity, low mutual inclination: the three-dimensional architecture of a hierarchical system of giant planets
- Super-Eccentric Migrating Jupiters
- Obliquity-Driven Sculpting of Exoplanetary Systems
- A paucity of proto-hot Jupiters on super-eccentric orbits
- That's How We Roll: The NASA K2 Mission Science Products and Their Performance Metrics
- Ultra-short-period planets from secular chaos
- Planet-planet scattering as the source of the highest eccentricity exoplanets
- HATS-70b: A 13 Mjup brown dwarf transiting an A star
- Evidence for Hidden Nearby Companions to Hot Jupiters
- Characterizing Undetected Stellar Companions with Combined Datasets
- A transiting warm giant planet around the young active star TOI-201
- High order symplectic integrators for planetary dynamics and their implementation in REBOUND
- Uncovering the true periods of the young sub-Neptunes orbiting TOI-2076
- Signatures of a planet-planet impacts phase in exoplanetary systems hosting giant planets
- True masses of the long-period companions to HD 92987 and HD 221420 from Hipparcos-Gaia astrometry
- Thermalizing a telescope in Antarctica: Analysis of ASTEP observations
- Eccentric Companions to Kepler-448b and Kepler-693b: Clues to the Formation of Warm Jupiters
- Uniform Forward-Modeling Analysis of Ultracool Dwarfs. II. Atmospheric Properties of 55 Late-T Dwarfs
- TOI-1130: A photodynamical analysis of a hot Jupiter in resonance with an inner low-mass planet
- Searching for chemical signatures of brown dwarf formation
- Testing a Fast Dynamical Indicator: The MEGNO
- SOPHIE velocimetry of Kepler transit candidates XVIII. Radial velocity confirmation, absolute masses and radii, and origin of the Kepler-419 multiplanetary system
- TOI-1408: Discovery and Photodynamical Modeling of a Small Inner Companion to a Hot Jupiter Revealed by TTVs
- Observational signatures of eccentric Jupiters inside gas cavities in protoplanetary discs
- Going back to basics: accelerating exoplanet transit modelling using Taylor-series expansion of the orbital motion
- Wide Dust Gaps in Protoplanetary Disks Induced by Eccentric Planets: A Mass-Eccentricity Degeneracy
- Can Large-Scale Migration Explain the Giant Planet Occurrence Rate?
- RoadRunner: a fast and flexible exoplanet transit model
- Observing exoplanets from Antarctica in two colours: Set-up and operation of ASTEP+
- Discovery of a massive giant planet with extreme density around a sub-giant star TOI-4603
- Photo-dynamical characterisation of the TOI-178 resonant chain
- Eccentricity Growth of Massive Planets inside Cavities of Protoplanetary Discs
- HD 28185 Revisited: An Outer Planet, Instead of a Brown Dwarf, On a Saturn-like Orbit
- An Edge-On Orbit for the Eccentric Long-Period Planet HR 5183 b
- Discovery of a cold giant planet and mass measurement of a hot super-Earth in the multi-planetary system WASP-132
- Are there brown dwarfs in globular clusters?
- A Transiting Giant on a 7.7-Year Orbit Revealed by TTVs in the TOI-201 System
- Self-consistent Dynamical and Chaotic Tides in the REBOUNDx framework
- Giant Outer Transiting Exoplanet Mass (GOT 'EM) Survey. VI: Confirmation of a Long-Period Giant Planet Discovered with a Single TESS Transit
- BD-14 3065b (TOI-4987b): from giant planet to brown dwarf: evidence for deuterium burning in old age?
- Forming short period sub-stellar companions in 47 Tuc: I. Dynamical model and brown dwarf tidal capture rates