TOI-333b: A Neptune Desert planet around a F7V star

Abstract

Observations have shown that planets similar to Neptune are rarely found orbiting Sun-like stars with periods up to ~4 days, defining the so-called Neptune desert region. Therefore, the detection of each individual planet in this region holds a high value, providing detailed insights into how such a population came to form and evolve. Here we report the detection of TOI-333b, a Neptune desert planet with a mass, radius, and bulk density of 20.1 $\pm$ 2.4 M${}_{\oplus }$, 4.26 $\pm$ 0.11 R${}_{\oplus }$, and 1.42 $\pm$ 0.21 \gccc, respectively. The planet orbits a F7V star every 3.78 d, whose mass, radius and effective temperature are of 1.2 $\pm$ 0.1 \msun, 1.10 $\pm$ 0.03 \rsun, and 6241${}_{-62}^{+73}$ K, respectively. TOI-333b is likely younger than 1 Gyr, which is supported by the presence of the doublet Li line around 6707.856 textup{~Å} and its comparison to Li abundances in open clusters with well constrained ages. The planet is expected to host only 8.5${}_{-8.3}^{+10.9}\%$ gas-to-core mass ratio for a H/He envelope. On the other hand, irradiated ocean world models predict 20${}_{-10}^{+11}\%$ H${}_2$O mass fraction with a core fraction of 35${}_{-23}^{+20}\%$. Therefore, we expect that TOI-333b internal composition may be dominated by a pure rocky composition with almost no H/He envelope, or a rocky world with almost equal mass fraction of water. Finally, TOI-333b is more massive and larger than 77$\%$ and 82$\%$ of its Neptune desert counterparts, respectively, while its host ranks among the hottest known for Neptune Desert planets, making this system a unique laboratory to study the evolution of such planets around hot stars.

arXiv comment21 pages, 19 figures, 7 tables, accepted for publication in A&A

References in corpus (99)

• Maps of Dust IR Emission for Use in Estimation of Reddening and CMBR Foregrounds
• emcee: The MCMC Hammer
• The Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE): Mission Description and Initial On-orbit Performance
• Measuring Reddening with SDSS Stellar Spectra and Recalibrating SFD
• PARSEC: stellar tracks and isochrones with the PAdova and TRieste Stellar Evolution Code
• Gaia Data Release 3: Summary of the content and survey properties
• The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite
• MultiNest: an efficient and robust Bayesian inference tool for cosmology and particle physics
• MESA Isochrones and Stellar Tracks (MIST). I: Solar-Scaled Models
• The SIMBAD astronomical database
• dynesty: A Dynamic Nested Sampling Package for Estimating Bayesian Posteriors and Evidences
• A new extensive library of PHOENIX stellar atmospheres and synthetic spectra
• MESA Isochrones and Stellar Tracks (MIST) 0: Methods for the construction of stellar isochrones
• Seven temperate terrestrial planets around the nearby ultracool dwarf star TRAPPIST-1
• Accurate masses and radii of normal stars: modern results and applications
• Improved Age Estimation for Solar-Type Dwarfs Using Activity-Rotation Diagnostics
• Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network
• The NextGen Model Atmosphere grid for $3000\le \Teff \le 10000\K$
• The false positive rate of Kepler and the occurrence of planets
• batman: BAsic Transit Model cAlculatioN in Python
• Kepler Presearch Data Conditioning II - A Bayesian Approach to Systematic Error Correction
• Gaia Early Data Release 3: Parallax bias versus magnitude, colour, and position
• Models of Stars, Brown Dwarfs and Exoplanets
• Efficient, uninformative sampling of limb darkening coefficients for two-parameter laws
• Ages for illustrative field stars using gyrochronology: viability, limitations and errors
• On detecting terrestrial planets with timing of giant planet transits
• DHP Framework: Digital Health Passports Using Blockchain -- Use case on international tourism during the COVID-19 pandemic
• Kepler Presearch Data Conditioning I - Architecture and Algorithms for Error Correction in Kepler Light Curves
• Theoretical Transmission Spectra During Extrasolar Giant Planet Transits
• The evaporation valley in the Kepler planets
• The TESS Input Catalog and Candidate Target List
• Understanding the Mass-Radius Relation for Sub-Neptunes: Radius as a Proxy for Composition
• AstroImageJ: Image Processing and Photometric Extraction for Ultra-Precise Astronomical Light Curves (Expanded Edition)
• AstroImageJ: Image Processing and Photometric Extraction for Ultra-Precise Astronomical Light Curves
• A Framework for Prioritizing the TESS Planetary Candidates Most Amenable to Atmospheric Characterization
• Growth Model Interpretation of Planet Size Distribution
• Homogeneous studies of transiting extrasolar planets. IV. Thirty systems with space-based light curves
• Correcting systematic effects in a large set of photometric lightcurves
• RadVel: The Radial Velocity Modeling Toolkit
• Validation of Kepler's Multiple Planet Candidates. III: Light Curve Analysis & Announcement of Hundreds of New Multi-planet Systems
• The Role of Core Mass in Controlling Evaporation: the Kepler Radius Distribution and the Kepler-36 Density Dichotomy
• Accurate, Empirical Radii and Masses of Planets and their Host Stars with Gaia Parallaxes
• Mass-Radius Relation for Rocky Planets based on PREM
• The TESS Objects of Interest Catalog from the TESS Prime Mission
• Dearth of short-period Neptunian exoplanets - a desert in period-mass and period-radius planes
• Juliet: a versatile modelling tool for transiting and non-transiting exoplanetary systems
• Extracting Planet Mass and Eccentricity From TTV data
• Kepler Data Validation I -- Architecture, Diagnostic Tests, and Data Products for Vetting Transiting Planet Candidates
• A new list of thorium and argon spectral lines in the visible
• Dynamic nested sampling: an improved algorithm for parameter estimation and evidence calculation
• Almost All of Kepler's Multiple Planet Candidates are Planets
• The Next Generation Transit Survey (NGTS)
• WASP-47: A Hot Jupiter System with Two Additional Planets Discovered by K2
• Introduction to astroML: Machine Learning for Astrophysics
• Parallax Systematics and Photocenter Motions of Benchmark Eclipsing Binaries in Gaia EDR3
• A diagram for the evaporation status of extrasolar planets
• Planetary nebulae seen with TESS: Discovery of new binary central star candidates from Cycle 1
• A Plateau in the Planet Population Below Twice the Size of Earth
• The Exoplanet Population Observation Simulator. I - The Inner Edges of Planetary Systems
• Transit Least Squares: Optimized transit detection algorithm to search for periodic transits of small planets
• Photoevaporation and High-Eccentricity Migration Created the Sub-Jovian Desert
• CERES: A Set of Automated Routines for Echelle Spectra
• Stellar Rotation in M35: Mass-Period Relations, Spin-Down Rates, and Gyrochronology
• A short-period censor of sub-Jupiter mass exoplanets with low density
• Eclipsing Binary Stars as Benchmarks for Trigonometric Parallaxes in the Gaia Era
• Kepler 18-b, c, and d: A System Of Three Planets Confirmed by Transit Timing Variations, Lightcurve Validation, Spitzer Photometry and Radial Velocity Measurements
• Ten years of speckle interferometry at SOAR
• Photometric detection of non-transiting short-period low-mass companions through the beaming, ellipsoidal and reflection effects in Kepler and CoRoT lightcurves
• Transit Timing Observations from Kepler: III. Confirmation of 4 Multiple Planet Systems by a Fourier-Domain Study of Anti-correlated Transit Timing Variations
• Empirical, Accurate Masses and Radii of Single Stars with TESS and Gaia
• The Orbit of WASP-12b is Decaying
• Transits and Occultations of an Earth-Sized Planet in an 8.5-Hour Orbit
• ARIADNE: Measuring accurate and precise stellar parameters through SED fitting
• A remnant planetary core in the hot-Neptune desert
• Mass-radius relationships for irradiated ocean planets
• WASP-107b's density is even lower: a case study for the physics of planetary gas envelope accretion and orbital migration
• The astrophysics of visible-light orbital phase curves in the space age
• Detection of Helium in the Atmosphere of the Exo-Neptune HAT-P-11b
• SPECIES I: Spectroscopic Parameters and atmosphEric ChemIstriEs of Stars
• An Ultra-Hot Neptune in the Neptune desert
• NGTS-4b: A sub-Neptune Transiting in the Desert
• Tidally-driven Roche-Lobe Overflow of Hot Jupiters with MESA
• The Empirical Limits of Gyrochronology
• Discovery and Vetting of Exoplanets I: Benchmarking K2 Vetting Tools
• Tidal Decay and Stable Roche-Lobe Overflow of Short-Period Gaseous Exoplanets
• TESS Revisits WASP-12: Updated Orbital Decay Rate and Constraints on Atmospheric Variability
• Mapping the exo-Neptunian landscape. A ridge between the desert and savanna
• The Gaia-ESO Survey: Calibrating the lithium-age relation with open clusters and associations. I. Cluster age range and initial membership selections
• Phase Curves of Hot Neptune LTT 9779b Suggest a High-Metallicity Atmosphere
• Tess asteroseismology of the known planet host star ${\lambda }^2$ Fornacis
• Spitzer Reveals Evidence of Molecular Absorption in the Atmosphere of the Hot Neptune LTT 9979b
• NGTS-6b: An Ultra Short Period Hot-Jupiter Orbiting an Old K Dwarf
• SOPHIE velocimetry of Kepler transit candidates XVIII. Radial velocity confirmation, absolute masses and radii, and origin of the Kepler-419 multiplanetary system
• The effects of viewing angle on the mass distribution of exoplanets
• The Maximum Mass-Loss Efficiency for a Photoionization-Driven Isothermal Parker Wind
• A closer look at LTT 9779b: The ESPRESSO endeavour to pierce the atmospheric veil
• A High Geometric Albedo for LTT9779b Points Towards a Metal-rich Atmosphere and Silicate Clouds
• NGTS-21b: An Inflated Super-Jupiter Orbiting a Metal-poor K dwarf
• Ages for exoplanet host stars