KIC 2856960: the impossible triple star

Abstract

KIC 2856960 is a star in the Kepler field which was observed by Kepler for 4 years. It shows the primary and secondary eclipses of a close binary of 0.258d as well as complex dipping events that last for about 1.5d at a time and recur on a 204d period. The dips are thought to result when the close binary passes across the face of a third star. In this paper we present an attempt to model the dips. Despite the apparent simplicity of the system and strenuous efforts to find a solution, we find that we cannot match the dips with a triple star while satisfying Kepler's laws. The problem is that to match the dips the separation of the close binary has to be larger than possible relative to the outer orbit given the orbital periods. Quadruple star models can get round this problem but require the addition of a so-far undetected intermediate period of order 5 -- 20d that has be a near-perfect integer divisor of the outer 204d period. Although we have no good explanation for KIC 2856960, using the full set of Kepler data we are able to update several of its parameters. We also present a spectrum showing that KIC 2856960 is dominated by light from a K3- or K4-type star.

11 pages, 13 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS August 21, 2014

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• Accurate Computation of Light Curves and the Rossiter-McLaughlin Effect in Multi-Body Eclipsing Systems
• TIC 114936199: A Quadruple Star System with a 12-day Outer Orbit Eclipse
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• One of Everything: The Breakthrough Listen Exotica Catalog
• TIC 172900988: A Transiting Circumbinary Planet Detected in One Sector of TESS Data