TIC 114936199: A Quadruple Star System with a 12-day Outer Orbit Eclipse

Abstract

We report the discovery with TESS of a remarkable quadruple star system with a 2+1+1 configuration. The two unique characteristics of this system are that (i) the inner eclipsing binary (stars Aa and Ab) eclipses the star in the outermost orbit (star C), and (ii) these outer 4th body eclipses last for $\sim$12 days, the longest of any such system known. The three orbital periods are $\sim$3.3 days, $\sim$51 days, and $\sim$2100 days. The extremely long duration of the outer eclipses is due to the fact that star B slows binary A down on the sky relative to star C. We combine TESS photometric data, ground-based photometric observations, eclipse timing points, radial velocity measurements, the composite spectral energy distribution, and stellar isochones in a spectro-photodynamical analysis to deduce all of the basic properties of the four stars (mass, radius, $T_{\mathrm{eff}}$, and age), as well as the orbital parameters for all three orbits. The four masses are $M_{\mathrm{Aa}}=0.382$M${}_{\odot }$, $M_{\mathrm{Ab}}=0.300$M${}_{\odot }$, $M_{\mathrm{B}}=0.540$M${}_{\odot }$ and $M_{\mathrm{C}}=0.615$M${}_{\odot }$, with a typical uncertainty of 0.015 M${}_{\odot }$.

arXiv commentAccepted for publication by The Astrophysical Journal, 10 August 2022

References in corpus (36)

• SciPy 1.0--Fundamental Algorithms for Scientific Computing in Python
• Array Programming with NumPy
• Astropy: A Community Python Package for Astronomy
• The Astropy Project: Building an inclusive, open-science project and status of the v2.0 core package
• PARSEC: stellar tracks and isochrones with the PAdova and TRieste Stellar Evolution Code
• The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite
• MESA Isochrones and Stellar Tracks (MIST). I: Solar-Scaled Models
• MESA Isochrones and Stellar Tracks (MIST) 0: Methods for the construction of stellar isochrones
• The VizieR database of Astronomical Catalogues
• REBOUND: An open-source multi-purpose N-body code for collisional dynamics
• The Revised TESS Input Catalog and Candidate Target List
• The CoRoT satellite in flight : description and performance
• Kepler Eclipsing Binary Stars. I. Catalog and Principal Characterization of 1879 Eclipsing Binaries in the First Data Release
• eleanor: An open-source tool for extracting light curves from the TESS Full-Frame Images
• A Comprehensive Study of the Kepler Triples via Eclipse Timing
• The Updated Multiple Star Catalog
• Eclipse Timing Variation Analyses of Eccentric Binaries with Close Tertiaries in the Kepler field
• Photodynamical analysis of the triply eclipsing hierarchical triple system EPIC 249432662
• TIC 168789840: A Sextuply-Eclipsing Sextuple Star System
• Six New Compact Triply Eclipsing Triples Found With TESS
• TICs 167692429 and 220397947: The first compact hierarchical triple stars discovered with TESS
• The Compact Triply Eclipsing Triple Star TIC 209409435 Discovered with TESS
• Triply eclipsing triple stars in the northern TESS fields: TICs 193993801, 388459317 and 52041148
• 97 Eclipsing Quadruple Star Candidates Discovered in TESS Full Frame Images
• The compact multiple system HIP 41431
• The Random Transiter -- EPIC 249706694/HD 139139
• TIC 278825952: a triply eclipsing hierarchical triple system with the most intrinsically circular outer orbit
• BG Ind: the nearest doubly eclipsing, compact hierarchical quadruple system
• The Triply Eclipsing Hierarchical Triple Star KIC002856960
• Multiply eclipsing candidates from the TESS satellite
• A transiting companion to the eclipsing binary KIC002856960
• KIC 2856960: the impossible triple star
• Mysterious Dust-emitting Object Orbiting TIC 400799224
• Secular changes in the orbits of the quadruple system VW LMi
• Stability of planetary, single M dwarf, and binary star companions to Kepler detached eclipsing binaries and a possible five body system
• The extraneous eclipses on binary light curves: KIC 5255552, KIC 10091110, and KIC 11495766

Cited by in corpus (4)

• Then and now: A new look at the eclipse timing variations of hierarchical triple star candidates in the primordial $Kepler$-field, revisited by TESS
• TIC 290061484: A Triply Eclipsing Triple System with the Shortest Known Outer Period of 24.5 Days
• TIC 219006972: A Compact, Coplanar Quadruple Star System Consisting of Two Eclipsing Binaries with an Outer Period of 168 days
• A Few Years Later: Revisiting Period Variations of Eclipsing Binaries in the Northern Continuous Viewing Zone of TESS