YOUNG Star detrending for Transiting Exoplanet Recovery (YOUNGSTER) -- I. A search for young exoplanets in Sectors 1-5 of the TESS Full-Frame-Images

Abstract

Young (<1Gyr) exoplanets represent a critically important area of exoplanet research, as they offer the opportunity to learn about the formation and early dynamic history of exoplanetary systems. However, finding young exoplanets is significantly complicated by the fast rotation and complex activity of their young host stars, which are often not well handled by state-of-the-art automatic pipelines. This work presents an alternative LOWESS-based pipeline focused specifically on detrending young stellar light-curves from the 30min-cadence Full Frame Images (FFIs) produced by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite ($TESS$), and includes improvements such as automatic peak-cutting of stellar variability and interpolation over masked transits to improve periodogram visibility and returned transit shapes. This work presents the details of the developed pipeline, along with initial results from its application to young stars within stellar associations in sectors 1-5 of the $TESS$ data. While no new exoplanet candidate signals were found in this work, interesting results included the recovery of all known 2min TOIs around young stars in sectors 1-5 from 30min data alone, the recovery of the young exoplanet DS Tuc Ab, a number of young eclipsing binaries and a wide array of interesting rotation. A sensitivity analysis was also undertaken for each star, showing how recovery of injected planets varied with both depth and period for each individual target. Challenges for future searches for young exoplanets are discussed, the largest being stellar rotation with periods less than 1 day and a lack of a large sample of confirmed young stars.

21 pages, 21 figures, published in MNRAS (DOI 10.1093/mnras/staa1626). Resubmitted with adjusted name to reflect retrospective name change made in YOUNGSTER II paper (and to make it easier to find papers in this series)

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Cited by in corpus (6)

• Constraints on the mass and atmospheric composition and evolution of the low-density young planet DS Tuc A b
• TOI-2076 and TOI-1807: Two young, comoving planetary systems within 50 pc identified by TESS that are ideal candidates for further follow-up
• Revisiting the Kepler field with TESS: Improved ephemerides using TESS 2min data
• A Low-mass, Pre-main-sequence Eclipsing Binary in the 40 Myr Columba Association -- Fundamental Stellar Parameters and Modeling the Effect of Star Spots
• YOUNG Star detrending for Transiting Exoplanet Recovery (YOUNGSTER) II: Using Self-Organising Maps to explore young star variability in Sectors 1-13 of TESS data
• Discovering planets with PLATO: Comparison of algorithms for stellar activity filtering