A 3D view of the Hyades stellar and sub-stellar population

Abstract

Our scientific goal is to provide a 3D map of the nearest open cluster to the Sun, the Hyades, combining the recent release of Gaia astrometric data, ground-based parallaxes of sub-stellar member candidates and photometric data from surveys which cover large areas of the cluster. We combined the second Gaia release with ground-based H-band parallaxes obtained with the infrared camera on the 2-m robotic Liverpool telescope to astrometrically identify stellar and sub-stellar members of the Hyades, the nearest open cluster to the Sun. We find 1764 objects within 70 degree radius from the cluster center from the Gaia second data release, whose kinematic properties are consistent with the Hyades. We limit our study to 30 pc from the cluster center (47.03+/-0.20 pc) where we identify 710 candidate members, including 85 and 385 in the core and tidal radius, respectively. We determine proper motions and parallaxes of eight candidate brown dwarf members and confirm their membership. Using the 3D positions and a model-based mass-luminosity relation we derive a luminosity and mass function in the 0.04 to 2.5 Msun range. We confirm evidence for mass segregation in the Hyades and find a dearth of brown dwarfs in the core of the cluster. From the white dwarf members we estimate an age of 640${}_{-49}^{+67}$ Myr. We identify a list of members in the Hyades cluster from the most massive stars down to the brown dwarfs. We produce for the first time a 3D map of the Hyades cluster in the stellar and sub-stellar regimes and make available the list of candidate members.

27 pages, 2 appendices, 12 figures and 7 tables in main text, accepted for publication in A&A. Corrections for language edition not included in that version. Table of members will be public in CDS

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• Reconstructing the Pleiades with Gaia EDR3
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• The Factory and the Beehive. IV. A Comprehensive Study of the Rotation X-ray Activity Relation in Praesepe and the Hyades
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• Mass Segregation in the Hyades Cluster
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• Magnetic activity and evolution of the four Hyades K giants
• Young nearby open clusters and their luminosity functions
• Properties of the Hyades, the eclipsing binary HD27130, and the oscillating red giant $\epsilon$ Tau
• The cosmic waltz of Coma Berenices and Latyshev 2 (Group X). Membership, phase-space structure, mass, and energy distributions
• A study of the frequency and characteristics of stellar companions and Jupiter-like planets in nearby open clusters
• Low-mass and sub-stellar eclipsing binaries in stellar clusters
• An optimised survey strategy for the ERIS/NIX imager: searching for young giant exoplanets and very low mass brown dwarfs using the K-peak custom photometric filter
• Near-infrared spectroscopic characterisation of Gaia ultra-cool dwarf candidates; Spectral types and peculiarities
• Radio Emission from a Nearby M dwarf Binary
• The Gaia Ultracool Dwarf Sample -- IV. GTC/OSIRIS optical spectra of Gaia late-M and L dwarfs
• Substellar Hyades Candidates from the UKIRT Hemisphere Survey
• TOI-1201 b: A mini-Neptune transiting a bright and moderately young M dwarf