Magnetic Cycles and Rotation Periods of Late Type Stars from photometric time series

Abstract

We investigate the photometric modulation induced by magnetic activity cycles and study the relationship between rotation period and activity cycle(s) in late-type (FGKM) stars. We analyse light-curves spanning up to 9 years of 125 nearby stars provided by the ASAS survey. The sample is mainly conformed by low-activity main sequence late A to mid M-type stars. A search is performed for short (days) and long-term (years) periodic variations in the photometry. We modelled with combinations of sinusoids the light-curves to measure the properties of these periodic signals. To provide a better statistical interpretation of our results we complement them with the results from previous similar works. We have been able to measure long-term photometric cycles of 47 stars. Rotational modulation was also detected and rotational periods measured in 36 stars. For 28 stars we have simultaneous measurements of both, activity cycles and rotational periods, being 17 of them M-type stars. From sinusoidal fits we measured both photometric amplitudes and periods. The measured cycle periods range from 2 up to 14 yr with photometric amplitudes in the range of 5-20 mmag. We have found that the distribution of cycle lengths for the different spectral types is similar. On the other hand the distribution of rotation periods is completely different, trending to longer periods for later type stars. The amplitudes induced by magnetic cycles and rotation show a clear correlation. A trend of photometric amplitudes with rotation period is also outlined in the data. For a given activity index the amplitudes of the photometric variability induced by activity cycles of main sequence GK stars are lower than those of early and mid-M dwarfs. Using spectroscopic data we also provide an update in the empirical relationship between the level of chromospheric activity as given by log(Rhk) and the rotation periods.

14 pages, 22 figures, 5 tables

References in corpus (6)

• The generalised Lomb-Scargle periodogram. A new formalism for the floating-mean and Keplerian periodograms
• Improved Age Estimation for Solar-Type Dwarfs Using Activity-Rotation Diagnostics
• Stellar Activity Masquerading as Planets in the Habitable Zone of the M dwarf Gliese 581
• The M-dwarfs in Multiples (MinMs) survey - I. Stellar multiplicity among low-mass stars within 15 pc
• Looking for activity cycles in late-type Kepler stars using time-frequency analysis
• A possible activity cycle in Proxima Centauri

Cited by in corpus (122)

• Nightside condensation of iron in an ultra-hot giant exoplanet
• A candidate short-period sub-Earth orbiting Proxima Centauri
• Revisiting Proxima with ESPRESSO
• Optical, UV, and X-Ray Evidence for a 7-Year Stellar Cycle in Proxima Centauri
• The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs. Activity indicators at visible and near-infrared wavelengths
• Line-by-line velocity measurements, an outlier-resistant method for precision velocimetry
• Flare Rates, Rotation Periods. and Spectroscopic Activity Indicators of a Volume-Complete Sample of Mid-to-Late M dwarfs within 15 Parsecs
• Updated Parameters and a New Transmission Spectrum of HD 97658b
• Detection of Ongoing Mass Loss from HD 63433c, a Young Mini Neptune
• Rotation Periods, Inclinations, and Obliquities of Cool Stars Hosting Directly Imaged Substellar Companions: Spin-Orbit Misalignments are Common
• Magnetic cycles in a dynamo simulation of fully convective M-star Proxima Centauri
• An HST/STIS Optical Transmission Spectrum of Warm Neptune GJ 436b
• Stellar Characterization of M-dwarfs from the APOGEE Survey: A Calibrator Sample for the M-dwarf Metallicities
• The large-scale magnetic field of Proxima Centauri near activity maximum
• Two temperate Earth-mass planets orbiting the nearby star GJ1002
• A detailed analysis of the Gl 486 planetary system
• The GAPS Programme with HARPS-N at TNG. XXXVII. A precise density measurement of the young ultra-short period planet TOI-1807 b
• Proxima Centauri as a Benchmark for Stellar Activity Indicators in the Near Infrared
• The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs. Mapping stellar activity indicators across the M dwarf domain
• Galactic Kinematics and Observed Flare Rates of a Volume-Complete Sample of Mid-to-Late M-dwarfs: Constraints on the History of the Stellar Radiation Environment of Planets Orbiting Low-mass Stars
• The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs. Characterization of the nearby ultra-compact multiplanetary system YZ Ceti
• The Far Ultraviolet M-dwarf Evolution Survey. I. The Rotational Evolution of High-Energy Emissions
• The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs. Period search in H$\alpha$, Na I D, and Ca II IRT lines
• The SPIRou Legacy Survey Rotation period of quiet M dwarfs from circular polarization in near-infrared spectral lines: I. The SPIRou APERO analysis
• Characterization of the K2-38 planetary system. Unraveling one of the densest planets known to date
• Characterisation of stellar activity of M dwarfs. I. Long-timescale variability in a large sample and detection of new cycles
• HADES RV Programme with HARPS-N at TNG: V. A super-Earth on the inner edge of the habitable zone of the nearby M-dwarf GJ 625
• The TIME Table: Rotation and Ages of Cool Exoplanet Host Stars
• Activity time series of old stars from late F to early K. I. Simulating radial velocity, astrometry, photometry, and chromospheric emission
• TOI-5005 b: A super-Neptune in the savanna near the ridge
• Star-in-a-box simulations of fully convective stars
• BEBOP III. Observations and an independent mass measurement of Kepler-16 (AB) b -- the first circumbinary planet detected with radial velocities
• Activity cycles in members of young loose stellar associations
• The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs: Two Saturn-mass planets orbiting active stars
• Evryscope and K2 Constraints on TRAPPIST-1 Superflare Occurrence and Planetary Habitability
• Stellar Cycles in Fully Convective Stars and a New Interpretation of Dynamo Evolution
• A super-Earth orbiting the nearby M-dwarf GJ 536
• The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs. Two terrestrial planets orbiting G 264-012 and one terrestrial planet orbiting Gl 393
• The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs: Spectroscopic orbits of nine M-dwarf multiple systems, including two triples, two brown dwarf candidates, and one close M-dwarf-white dwarf binary
• The Ca II H&K Rotation-Activity Relation in 53 mid-to-late type M-Dwarfs
• The space weather around the exoplanet GJ 436b
• TOI-969: a late-K dwarf with a hot mini-Neptune in the desert and an eccentric cold Jupiter
• Stellar Dynamos with Solar and Anti-solar Differential Rotations: Implications to Magnetic Cycles of Slowly Rotating Stars
• The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs. Rotational variation in activity indicators of Ross 318, YZ CMi, TYC 3529-1437-1, and EV Lac
• The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs. Variability on long timescales as seen in chromospheric indicators
• TOI-4010: A System of Three Large Short-Period Planets With a Massive Long-Period Companion
• Far beyond the Sun: I. The beating magnetic heart in Horologium
• Flares, Rotation, Activity Cycles and a Magnetic Star-Planet Interaction Hypothesis for the Far Ultraviolet Emission of GJ 436
• The Variable Detection of Atmospheric Escape around the young, Hot Neptune AU Mic b
• The VVV Infrared Variability Catalog (VIVA-I)
• Variability Timescales of H$\alpha$ on Active Mid-to-Late M dwarfs
• MHD simulations of the space weather in Proxima b: Habitability conditions and radio emission
• A Knee-Point in the Rotation-Activity Scaling of Late-type Stars with a Connection to Dynamo Transitions
• Photometric rotation periods for 107 M dwarfs from the APACHE survey
• A VLBI study of the wind-wind collision region in the massive multiple HD 167971
• A BCool survey of stellar magnetic cycles
• A multi-planetary system orbiting the early-M dwarf TOI-1238
• Closeby Habitable Exoplanet Survey (CHES). I. Astrometric Noise and Planetary Detection Efficiency due to Stellar Spots and Faculae
• A transition of dynamo modes in M dwarfs: narrowing down the spectral range where the transition occurs*
• Sectoral r modes and periodic RV variations of Sun-like stars
• A super-Earth on a close-in orbit around the M1V star GJ 740. A HADES and CARMENES collaboration
• Absolute Ca II H & K and H-alpha flux measurements of low-mass stars: Extending $R_{\mathrm{HK}}^{\prime }$ to M dwarfs
• Radial velocity homogeneous analysis of M dwarfs observed with HARPS I. Exoplanet detection and candidates
• Revisiting the multi-planetary system of the nearby star HD 20794: Confirmation of a low-mass planet in the habitable zone of a nearby G-dwarf
• A likely magnetic activity cycle for the exoplanet host M dwarf GJ 3512
• YOUNG Star detrending for Transiting Exoplanet Recovery (YOUNGSTER) -- I. A search for young exoplanets in Sectors 1-5 of the TESS Full-Frame-Images
• Diving into the planetary system of Proxima with NIRPS -- Breaking the metre per second barrier in the infrared
• Correlation between activity indicators: H$\alpha$ and Ca II lines in M-dwarf stars
• Characterization of seven transiting systems including four warm Jupiters from SOPHIE and TESS
• The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs. Behaviour of the Paschen lines during flares and quiescence
• The need for a public forecast of stellar activity to optimise exoplanet radial velocity detections & transmission spectroscopy
• YZ Phe: an active contact binary with variation of the O'Connell effect and orbital period change
• A Study of the Magnetic Activity and Variability of GJ 436
• Characterisation of TOI-406 as showcase of the THIRSTEE program: A 2-planet system straddling the M-dwarf density gap
• Proxima Centauri -- the nearest planet host observed simultaneously with AstroSat, Chandra and HST
• The Solar Neighborhood LI: A Variability Survey of Nearby M Dwarfs with Planets from Months to Decades with TESS and the CTIO/SMARTS 0.9 m Telescope
• ATREIDES I. Embarking on a trek across the exo-Neptunian landscape with the TOI-421 system
• The GAPS programme at TNG. XLVI. Deep search for low-mass planets in late-dwarf systems hosting cold Jupiters
• Two sub-Neptunes around the M dwarf TOI-1470
• Cycles on the Solar-Type Stars and Cooler Dwarfs
• The corona -- chromosphere connection studied with simultaneous eROSITA and TIGRE observations
• AstroSat observations of long-duration X-ray superflares on active M-dwarf binary EQ Peg
• SOAPv4: A new step toward modeling stellar signatures in exoplanet research
• Contemporaneous Observations of $H\alpha$ Luminosities and Photometric Amplitudes for M Dwarfs
• Characterisation of magnetic activity of M dwarfs. Possible impact on the surface brightness
• Long-Term Cyclic Variability of YZ CMi in the Context of Solar and Stellar Physics
• Photometric activity cycles in fast-rotating stars: Revisiting the reality of stellar activity cycle branches
• Long-term Periodicities of Cataclysmic Variables with Synoptic Surveys
• KOBE-1: The first planetary system from the KOBE survey. Two planets likely residing in the sub-Neptune mass regime around a late K-dwarf
• Two neighbours of the ultra-short-period Earth-sized planet K2-157 b in the warm Neptunian savanna
• DMPP-3: confirmation of short-period S-type planet(s) in a compact eccentric binary star system, and warnings about long-period RV planet detections
• NIRPS and TESS reveal a peculiar system around the M dwarf TOI-756: A transiting sub-Neptune and a cold eccentric giant
• Chromaticity of stellar activity in radial velocities : Anti-correlated families of lines on the M dwarf EV Lac with SPIRou and SOPHIE
• Searching for stellar cycles on low mass stars using TESS data
• Correlating Intrinsic Stellar Parameters with Mg II Self-Reversal Depths
• Unravelling the Period Gap using LAMOST Chromospheric Activity Indices
• The Similar Seven: A set of very-alike exoplanets to test correlations between system parameters and atmospheric properties
• Planetary system architectures with low-mass inner planets: Direct imaging exploration of mature systems beyond 1 au
• Helium escaping from the atmosphere of a nearby rocky exoplanet orbiting in a habitable zone
• Detection and characterisation of a 106-day transiting Jupiter : TOI-2449 b / NGTS-36 b
• The Solar Neighborhood LII: M Dwarf Twin Binaries -- Presumed Identical Twins Appear Fraternal in Variability, Rotation, H$\alpha$, and X-rays
• HADES RV Programme with HARPS-N at TNG. XVI. A super-Earth in the habitable zone of the GJ 3998 multi-planet system
• Shaping core dynamos in A-type stars: The role of dipolar fossil fields
• Flaring Latitudes in Ensembles of Low Mass Stars
• Long-Term Activity in Photospheres of Low-Mass Stars with Strong Magnetic Fields
• The SPIRou Legacy Survey: near-infrared and optical radial velocity analysis of Gl 480 and Gl 382 using SPIRou, HARPS and CARMENES spectrographs
• A transiting rocky super-Earth and a non-transiting sub-Neptune orbiting the M dwarf TOI-771
• Climate Change in Hell: Long-Term Variation in Transits of the Evaporating Planet K2-22b
• Spectroscopic and photometric analysis of 21 chromospherically active variables: activity cycles and differential rotation
• Quantifying the Effect of Short-timescale Stellar Activity Upon Transit Detection in M Dwarfs
• Stellar-activity analysis of the nearby M dwarf GJ 526. Multi-dimensional Gaussian-process modelling of RV, FWHM and S-index
• The Solar Neighborhood. LV. M Dwarf Twin Binaries -- One in Five Twin Sibling Pairs Are Mismatched in Activity and/or Rotation
• Constraining an exoplanets magnetic field using star-planet interactions
• TOI-4552 b: A new ultra-short period rocky world revealed by NIRPS and TESS
• X-ray and Optical Analysis of the Prototype Polar AN UMa
• CARMENES input catalog of M dwarfs VI. A time-resolved Ca II H&K catalog from archival data
• CARMENES detection of the CaII infrared triplet and possible evidence of HeI in the atmosphere of WASP-76b
• Activity-rotation in the dM4 star Gl 729. A possible chromospheric cycle
• NIRPS tightens the mass estimate of GJ 3090 b and detects a planet near the stellar rotation period
• Retarded Stellar Dynamo in Tidally Deformed M Dwarfs
• Magnetic geometry of M dwarfs in the southern PLATO field
• Sibling Sub-Neptunes Around Sibling M Dwarfs: TOI-521 and TOI-912