The Variable Detection of Atmospheric Escape around the young, Hot Neptune AU Mic b

Abstract

Photoevaporation is a potential explanation for several features within exoplanet demographics. Atmospheric escape observed in young Neptune-sized exoplanets can provide insight into and characterize which mechanisms drive this evolution and at what times they dominate. AU Mic b is one such exoplanet, slightly larger than Neptune (4.19 Earth radii). It closely orbits a 23 Myr pre-Main Sequence M dwarf with a period of 8.46 days. We obtained two visits of AU Mic b at Lyman-alpha with HST/STIS. One flare within the first HST visit is characterized and removed from our search for a planetary transit. We present a non-detection in our first visit followed by the detection of escaping neutral hydrogen ahead of the planet in our second visit. The outflow absorbed about 30% of the star's Lyman-alpha blue-wing 2.5 hours before the planet's white-light transit. We estimate the highest velocity escaping material has a column density of 10^13.96 cm^-2 and is moving 61.26 km/s away from the host star. AU Mic b's large high energy irradiation could photoionize its escaping neutral hydrogen in 44 minutes, rendering it temporarily unobservable. Our time-variable Lyman-alpha transit ahead of AU Mic b could also be explained by an intermediate stellar wind strength from AU Mic that shapes the escaping material into a leading tail. Future Lyman-alpha observations of this system will confirm and characterize the unique variable nature of its Lyman-alpha transit, which combined with modeling will tune the importance of stellar wind and photoionization.

24 pages, 11 figures

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Cited by in corpus (7)

• The MOPYS project: A survey of 70 planets in search of extended He I and H atmospheres. No evidence of enhanced evaporation in young planets
• Probing atmospheric escape through metastable He I triplet lines in 15 exoplanets observed with SPIRou
• Using Lyman-$\alpha$ transits to constrain models of atmospheric escape
• Spectroscopic observations of flares and superflares on AU Mic
• Water-Cooled (sub)-Neptunes Get Better Gas Mileage
• The Diffusion Limit of Photoevaporation in Primordial Planetary Atmospheres
• Far-ultraviolet flares and variability of the young M dwarf AU Mic: a non-detection of planet c in transit at Lyman-alpha