New Debris Disks Around Young, Low Mass Stars Discovered With The Spitzer Space Telescope

Abstract

(abridged) We present 24 and 70 micron MIPS observations of 70 A through M-type dwarfs with estimated ages from 8 Myr to 1.1 Gyr, as part of a Spitzer guaranteed time program. Our sample is selected from stars with common youth indicators such as lithium abundance, X-ray activity, chromospheric activity, and rapid rotation. We compare our MIPS observations to empirically derived K-[24] colors as a function of the stellar effective temperature to identify 24 and 70 micron excesses. We confirm the previously published 70 micron excesses for HD 92945, HD 112429, and AU Mic. We present the discovery of 70 micron excesses for five stars: HD 7590, HD 10008, HD 59967, HD 73350, and HD 135599. We also present the detection of 24 micron excesses for ten stars: HD 10008, GJ 3400A, HD 73350, HD 112429, HD 123998, HD 175742, AT Mic, BO Mic, HD 358623 and Gl 907.1. We find that large 70 micron excesses are less common around stars with effective temperatures of less than 5000 K (3.7%) than around stars with effective temperatures between 5000 K and 6000 K (21.4%), despite the cooler stars having a younger median age in our sample (12 vs.340 Myr). We find that the previously reported excess for TWA 13A at 70 microns is due to a nearby background galaxy. In the Appendix, we present an updated analysis of dust grain removal time-scales due to grain-grain collisions and radiation pressure, Poynting-Robertson drag, stellar wind drag and planet-dust dynamical interaction.

71 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in Astrophysical Journal

References in corpus (31)

• Direct Imaging of Multiple Planets Orbiting the Star HR 8799
• Improved Age Estimation for Solar-Type Dwarfs Using Activity-Rotation Diagnostics
• Optical Images of an Exosolar Planet 25 Light Years from Earth
• Contributions to the Nearby Stars (NStars) Project: Spectroscopy of Stars Earlier than M0 within 40 parsecs: The Southern Sample
• Planet formation around stars of various masses: The snow line and the frequency of giant planets
• Debris Disk Evolution Around A Stars
• Debris disks around Sun-like stars
• Spitzer IRS Spectroscopy of IRAS-Discovered Debris Disks
• A Spitzer view of protoplanetary disks in the gamma Velorum cluster
• Variations on Debris Disks: Icy Planet Formation at 30-150 AU for 1-3 Solar Mass Main Sequence Stars
• The Complete Census of 70-um-Bright Debris Disks within the FEPS (Formation and Evolution of Planetary Systems) Spitzer Legacy Survey of Sun-like Stars
• Formation and Evolution of Planetary Systems (FEPS): Properties of Debris Dust around Solar-type Stars
• Spitzer observations of the Orion OB1 association: disk census in the low mass stars
• New Debris Disks Around Nearby Main Sequence Stars: Impact on The Direct Detection of Planets
• TASS Mark IV Photometric Survey of the Northern Sky
• Spitzer/MIPS Observations of Stars in the Beta Pictoris Moving Group
• Evolution of Mid-IR Excess Around Sun-like Stars: Constraints on Models of Terrestrial Planet Formation
• The Rise and Fall of Debris Disks: MIPS Observations of h and chi Persei and the Evolution of Mid-IR Emission from Planet Formation
• Theoretical mass loss rates of cool main-sequence stars
• On the Semimajor Axis Distribution of Extrasolar Gas Giant Planets: Why Hot Jupiters Are Rare Around High-Mass Stars
• IRS Spectra of Solar-Type Stars: \break A Search for Asteroid Belt Analogs
• The AU Microscopii Debris Disk: Multiwavelength Imaging and Modeling
• Debris Disks in NGC 2547
• Spitzer Spectroscopy of Circumstellar Disks in the 5 Myr Old Upper Scorpius OB Association
• Spitzer observations of the Hyades: Circumstellar debris disks at 625 Myr of age
• Search for Cold Debris Disks around M-dwarfs
• A Spitzer Study of Debris Disks In The Young Nearby Cluster NGC 2232: Icy Planets Are Common Around ~ 1.5--3 Solar-Mass Stars
• On the nature of clumps in debris disks
• Spitzer Far-Infrared Detections of Cold Circumstellar Disks
• New M dwarf debris disk candidates in NGC 2547
• Erratum: "Post-T Tauri Stars in the Nearest OB Association" (AJ, 124, 1670 [2002])

Cited by in corpus (142)

• Stellar magnetism: empirical trends with age and rotation
• The VAST Survey - III. The multiplicity of A-type stars within 75 pc
• The Role of Multiplicity in Disk Evolution and Planet Formation
• The Tucana/Horologium, Columba, AB Doradus, and Argus Associations: New Members and Dusty Debris Disks
• The active lives of stars: a complete description of rotation and XUV evolution of F, G, K, and M dwarfs
• A planet within the debris disk around the pre-main-sequence star AU Microscopii
• A Stellar Census of the Tucana-Horologium Moving Group
• Debris Disks: Seeing Dust, Thinking of Planetesimals and Planets
• The Collisional Evolution of Debris Disks
• A Statistical Analysis of SEEDS and Other High-Contrast Exoplanet Surveys: Massive Planets or Low-Mass Brown Dwarfs?
• The MUSCLES Treasury Survey. V. FUV Flares on Active and Inactive M Dwarfs
• SONS: The JCMT legacy survey of debris discs in the submillimetre
• A near-infrared interferometric survey of debris disc stars. III. First statistics based on 42 stars observed with CHARA/FLUOR
• A Hubble Space Telescope Survey of H2 Emission in the Circumstellar Environments of Young Stars
• The Transitional Protoplanetary Disk Frequency as a Function of Age: Disk Evolution in the Coronet Cluster, Taurus, and Other 1--8 Myr-old Regions
• Debris Disks in the Upper Scorpius OB Association
• A near-infrared interferometric survey of debris-disc stars. IV. An unbiased sample of 92 southern stars observed in H-band with VLTI/PIONIER
• Explorations Beyond the Snow Line: Spitzer/IRS Spectra of Debris Disks Around Solar-Type Stars
• High resolution imaging of young M-type stars of the solar neighborhood: Probing the existence of companions down to the mass of Jupiter
• Distance and Kinematics of the TW Hydrae Association from Parallaxes
• Metallicity of solar-type stars with debris discs and planets
• Investigating the young AU~Mic system with SPIRou: large-scale stellar magnetic field and close-in planet mass
• A Trend Between Cold Debris Disk Temperature and Stellar Type: Implications for the Formation and Evolution of Wide-Orbit Planets
• First images of debris disks around TWA 7, TWA 25, HD 35650, and HD 377
• The SEEDS Direct Imaging Survey for Planets and Scattered Dust Emission in Debris Disk Systems
• A DEBRIS Disk Around The Planet Hosting M-star GJ581 Spatially Resolved with Herschel
• Against all odds? Forming the planet of the HD196885 binary
• A Comprehensive Census of Nearby Infrared Excess Stars
• Gas and dust in the Beta Pictoris Moving Group as seen by the Herschel Space Observatory
• Planet formation in binary systems: A separation-dependent mechanism?
• Activity trends in young solar-type stars
• Planet-induced radio emission from the coronae of M dwarfs: the case of Prox Cen and AU Mic
• A Sensitive Identification of Warm Debris Disks in the Solar Neighborhood Through Precise Calibration of Saturated WISE Photometry
• HST and Spitzer Observations of the HD 207129 Debris Ring
• Collisional Grooming Models of the Kuiper Belt Dust Cloud
• Variations on Debris Disks II. Icy Planet Formation as a Function of the Bulk Properties and Initial Sizes of Planetesimals
• The Decay of Debris Disks around Solar-Type Stars
• Post-main sequence evolution of A star debris discs
• Limits on the Spin-Orbit Angle and Atmospheric Escape for the 22 Myr-old Planet AU Mic b
• A Direct Imaging Survey of Spitzer detected debris disks: Occurrence of giant planets in dusty systems
• The Enigmatic Young Low-Mass Variable TWA 30
• Planet formation in Binaries
• Hubble Space Telescope Observations of the HD 202628 Debris Disk
• One year of AU Mic with HARPS: II -- stellar activity and star-planet interaction
• Fluctuations and Flares in the Ultraviolet Line Emission of Cool Stars: Implications for Exoplanet Transit Observations
• Hubble and Spitzer Space Telescope Observations of the Debris Disk around the Nearby K Dwarf HD 92945
• Observations of fast-moving features in the debris disk of AU Mic on a three-year timescale: Confirmation and new discoveries
• A gap in HD 92945's broad planetesimal disc revealed by ALMA
• The Mass of Stirring Bodies in the AU Mic Debris Disk Inferred from Resolved Vertical Structure
• Search for Cold Debris Disks around M-dwarfs. II
• Peter Pan Disks: Long-lived Accretion Disks Around Young M Stars
• SPOTS: The Search for Planets Orbiting Two Stars: II. First constraints on the frequency of sub-stellar companions on wide circumbinary orbits
• Collisional modelling of the AU Microscopii debris disc
• Reaching the boundary between stellar kinematic groups and very wide binaries. II. alpha Lib + KU Lib: a common proper motion system in Castor separated by 1.0 pc
• Cometary impactors on the TRAPPIST-1 planets can destroy all planetary atmospheres and rebuild secondary atmospheres on planets f, g, h
• One year of AU Mic with HARPS: I -- measuring the masses of the two transiting planets
• The AU Mic Debris Disk: far-infrared and submillimeter resolved imaging
• Near-infrared emission from sublimating dust in collisionally active debris disks
• Resolving faint structures in the debris disk around TWA7
• The nearby population of M dwarfs with WISE: A search for warm circumstellar dust
• Exocomets: A spectroscopic survey
• The dichotomy of atmospheric escape in AU Mic b
• The HIP 79977 debris disk in polarized light
• Gas and dust in the TW Hydrae Association as seen by the Herschel Space Observatory
• The Incidence of Debris Disks at 24 μm and 670 Myr
• Formation of Gaps in Self-Gravitating Debris Disks by Secular Resonance in a Single-planet System I: A Simplified Model
• Exploring the Effects of Stellar Rotation and Wind Clearing: Debris Disks Around F Stars
• AU Microscopii in the FUV: Observations in Quiescence, During Flares, and Implications for AU Mic b and c
• The infrared colors of the Sun
• New Parallaxes and a Convergence Analysis for the TW Hya Association
• ISPY -- NACO Imaging Survey for Planets around Young stars: Survey description and results from the first 2.5 years of observations
• Circumstellar Debris Disks: Diagnosing the Unseen Perturber
• A HARPS RV search for planets around young nearby stars
• Debris Disks around Solar-Type Stars: Observations of the Pleiades with Spitzer Space Telescope
• Debris discs around M stars: non-existence versus non-detection
• Warm Dust around Cool Stars: Field M Dwarfs with WISE 12 or 22 Micron Excess Emission
• New debris disks in nearby young moving groups
• Keck/NIRC2 Imaging of the Warped, Asymmetric Debris Disk around HD 32297
• A new code to study structures in collisionally active, perturbed debris discs. Application to binaries
• Estimating the Ultraviolet Emission of M dwarfs with Exoplanets from Ca II and H$\alpha$
• A New M Dwarf Debris Disk Candidate in a Young Moving Group Discovered with Disk Detective
• Solar wind dominance over the Poynting-Robertson effect in secular orbital evolution of dust particles
• Discovery of the Fomalhaut C debris disc
• High Contrast Imaging with Spitzer : Constraining the Frequency of Giant Planets out to 1000 AU separations
• Predicting the incidence of planets and debris discs as a function of stellar mass
• Debris discs in binaries: a numerical study
• Spectroscopic orbits of subsystems in multiple stars. VI
• Empty gaps? Depleting annular regions in debris discs by secular resonance with a two-planet system
• Survey of Nearby FGK Stars at 160 microns with Spitzer
• Observability of Debris Discs around M-stars
• Herschel Observations of Dusty Debris Disks
• The Highly Dynamic Behavior of the Innermost Dust and Gas in the Transition Disk Variable LRLL 31
• The Evolution of Dusty Debris Disks Around Solar Type Stars
• Follow-up Imaging of Disk Candidates from the Disk Detective Citizen Science Project: New Discoveries and False-Positives in WISE Circumstellar Disk Surveys
• The Solar Wind Environment in Time
• Worlds Without Moons: Exomoon Constraints for Compact Planetary Systems
• Ultraviolet Spectroscopy of Rapidly-Rotating Solar-Mass Stars: Emission Line Redshifts as a Test of the Solar-Stellar Connection
• The Planet Formation Potential Around a 45 Myr old Accreting M Dwarf
• The Late-Type Extension to MoVeRS (LaTE-MoVeRS): Proper motion verified low-mass stars and brown dwarfs from SDSS, 2MASS, and WISE
• Extending the FIP bias sample to magnetically active stars. Challenging the FIP bias paradigm?
• Probing atmospheric escape through metastable He I triplet lines in 15 exoplanets observed with SPIRou
• Collisional modelling of the debris disc around HIP 17439
• Short term variability of DS Tuc A observed with TESS
• The Variable Detection of Atmospheric Escape around the young, Hot Neptune AU Mic b
• Multiwavelength Vertical Structure in the AU Mic Debris Disk: Characterizing the Collisional Cascade
• Debris discs in the 27 Myr old open cluster IC4665
• On the steady state collisional evolution of debris disks around M dwarfs
• Dust Spreading in Debris Discs: Do Small Grains Cling on to Their Birth Environment?
• Emerging trends in metallicity and lithium properties of debris disc stars
• How dusty is alpha Centauri? Excess or non-excess over the infrared photospheres of main-sequence stars
• Debris Disks of Members of the Blanco 1 Open Cluster
• Bright Debris Disk Candidates Observed with AKARI/Far-Infrared Surveyor (FIS)
• Inner edges of planetesimal belts: collisionally eroded or truncated?
• Search for exoplanets and brown dwarfs with VLBI
• Lyman-$\alpha$ Observations of High Radial Velocity Low-Mass Stars Ross 1044 and Ross 825
• Spectroscopic orbits of subsystems in multiple stars. V
• Four-colour photometry of EY Dra: a study of an ultra-fast rotating active dM1-2e star
• The Faintest WISE Debris Disks: Enhanced Methods for Detection and Verification
• Herschel Observations of Disks around Late-type Stars
• Dust discs around intermediate mass and Sun-like stars in the 16 Myr old NGC 1960 open cluster
• The near-core rotation of HD 112429: a gamma Doradus star with TESS photometry and legacy spectroscopy
• Stellar Energetic Particle Transport in the Turbulent and CME-disrupted Stellar Wind of AU~Microscopii
• Sparse aperture masking at the VLT II. Detection limits for the eight debris disks stars $\beta$ Pic, AU Mic, 49 Cet, $\eta$ Tel, Fomalhaut, g Lup, HD181327 and HR8799
• The strong suppression of Galactic cosmic rays reaching AU Mic b, c and Prox Cen b
• Collisions of Terrestrial Worlds: The Occurrence of Extreme Mid-Infrared Excesses around Low-Mass Field Stars
• Limits on the presence of planets in systems with debris disks: HD 92945 and HD 107146
• Direct detection and characterization of M-dwarf planets using light echoes
• Stellar winds can affect gas dynamics in debris disks and create observable belt winds
• A catalog of collected debris disks: properties, classifications and correlations between disks and stars/planets
• A young hierarchical triple system harbouring a candidate debris disc
• ALMA's view of the M-dwarf GSC 07396-00759's edge-on debris disc: AU Mic's coeval twin
• 94 Ceti: a triple star with a planet and dust disc
• Correlating Intrinsic Stellar Parameters with Mg II Self-Reversal Depths
• The triple system AT Mic AB + AU Mic in the beta Pictoris Association
• Searching for debris discs in the 30 Myr open cluster IC 4665
• JWST/MIRI Imaging of the Warm Dust Component of the Epsilon Eridani Debris Disk
• Takeout and Delivery: Erasing the Dusty Signature of Late-stage Terrestrial Planet Formation
• Planets, debris and their host metallicity correlations
• Three new late-type stellar companions to very dusty WISE debris disks identified with VLT/SPHERE imaging
• Far-ultraviolet flares and variability of the young M dwarf AU Mic: a non-detection of planet c in transit at Lyman-alpha
• Low-resolution near-infrared spectroscopic signatures of unresolved ultracool companions to M dwarfs
• Interferometric Detection and Orbit Modeling of the Subcomponent in the Hot-dust System $\kappa$ Tuc A: A Low-mass Star on an Eccentric Orbit in a Hierarchical-quintuple System