IRS Spectra of Solar-Type Stars: \break A Search for Asteroid Belt Analogs

Abstract

We report the results of a spectroscopic search for debris disks surrounding 41 nearby solar type stars, including 8 planet-bearing stars, using the {\it Spitzer Space Telescope}. With accurate relative photometry using the Infrared Spectrometer (IRS) between 7-34 $\micron$ we are able to look for excesses as small as $\sim$2% of photospheric levels with particular sensitivity to weak spectral features. For stars with no excess, the $3\sigma$ upper limit in a band at 30-34 $\mu$m corresponds to $\sim$ 75 times the brightness of our zodiacal dust cloud. Comparable limits at 8.5-13 $\mu$m correspond to $\sim$ 1,400 times the brightness of our zodiacal dust cloud. These limits correspond to material located within the $<$1 to $\sim$5 AU region that, in our solar system, originates from debris associated with the asteroid belt. We find excess emission longward of $\sim$25 $\mu$m from five stars of which four also show excess emission at 70 $\mu$m. This emitting dust must be located around 5-10 AU. One star has 70 micron emission but no IRS excess. In this case, the emitting region must begin outside 10 AU; this star has a known radial velocity planet. Only two stars of the five show emission shortward of 25 $\micron$ where spectral features reveal the presence of a population of small, hot dust grains emitting in the 7-20 $\mu$m band. The data presented here strengthen the results of previous studies to show that excesses at 25 $\micron$ and shorter are rare: only 1 star out of 40 stars older than 1 Gyr or $\sim 2.5$% shows an excess. Asteroid belts 10-30 times more massive than our own appear are rare among mature, solar-type stars.

References in corpus (17)

• Dust Grain Size Distributions and Extinction in the Milky Way, LMC, and SMC
• The Infrared Spectrograph on the Spitzer Space Telescope
• The origin of planetary impactors in the inner solar system
• Reduction Algorithms for the Multiband Imaging Photometer for Spitzer
• Oligarchic growth of giant planets
• Frequency of Debris Disks around Solar-Type Stars: First Results from a Spitzer/MIPS Survey
• Age dependence of the Vega Phenomenon: Theory
• An Excess Due to Small Grains Around The Nearby K0V Star HD69830: Asteroid or Cometary Debris?
• The Vega Debris Disk -- A Surprise from Spitzer
• A Planet at 5 AU Around 55 Cancri
• Dusty Debris Around Solar-Type Stars: Temporal Disk Evolution
• Stellar encounters as the origin of distant solar system objects in highly eccentric orbits
• Planets and IR Excesses: Preliminary Results from a Spitzer/MIPS Survey of Solar-Type Stars
• Detecting the Dusty Debris of Terrestrial Planet Formation
• Sub-mm observations and modelling of Vega type stars
• The Formation and Evolution of Planetary Systems: First Results from a Spitzer Legacy Science Program
• Formation and Evolution of Planetary Systems: Cold Outer Disks Associated with Sun-like stars

Cited by in corpus (67)

• Transience of hot dust around sun-like stars
• Debris disks around Sun-like stars
• Spitzer IRS Spectroscopy of IRAS-Discovered Debris Disks
• Discovery of Two T Dwarf Companions with the Spitzer Space Telescope
• New Debris Disks Around Young, Low Mass Stars Discovered With The Spitzer Space Telescope
• Formation and Evolution of Planetary Systems (FEPS): Properties of Debris Dust around Solar-type Stars
• New Debris Disks Around Nearby Main Sequence Stars: Impact on The Direct Detection of Planets
• Long-Term Collisional Evolution of Debris Disks
• Carbon Deficiency in Externally-Polluted White Dwarfs: Evidence for Accretion of Asteroids
• A near-infrared interferometric survey of debris disc stars. III. First statistics based on 42 stars observed with CHARA/FLUOR
• Spitzer IRAC Observations of White Dwarfs. I. Warm Dust at Metal-Rich Degenerates
• On the Nature of the Dust in the Debris Disk Around HD69830
• Exo--Zodiacal Dust Levels for Nearby Main Sequence Stars
• The dust grain size - stellar luminosity trend in debris discs
• The Dust cloud around the White Dwarf G 29-38. 2. Spectrum from 5-40 microns and mid-infrared variability
• Explorations Beyond the Snow Line: Spitzer/IRS Spectra of Debris Disks Around Solar-Type Stars
• Warm dust in the terrestrial planet zone of a sun-like Pleiad: collisions between planetary embryos?
• Spitzer 24 Micron Observations of Open Cluster IC 2391 and Debris Disk Evolution of FGK Stars
• Three's Company: An additional non-transiting super-Earth in the bright HD 3167 system, and masses for all three planets
• Circumstellar Dust Created by Terrestrial Planet Formation in HD 113766
• A DEBRIS Disk Around The Planet Hosting M-star GJ581 Spatially Resolved with Herschel
• A Comprehensive Census of Nearby Infrared Excess Stars
• A Sensitive Identification of Warm Debris Disks in the Solar Neighborhood Through Precise Calibration of Saturated WISE Photometry
• The Exozodiacal Dust Problem for Direct Observations of ExoEarths
• The mid-infrared spectrum of the transiting exoplanet HD 209458b
• Spitzer 24 micron Survey of Debris Disks in the Pleiades
• Collisional and Thermal Emission Models of Debris Disks: Towards Planetesimal Population Properties
• Locating the planetesimals belts in the multiple-planet systems HD 128311, HD 202206, HD 82943 and HR 8799
• Kuiper Belts Around Nearby Stars
• Resolving the hot dust around HD69830 and eta Corvi with MIDI and VISIR
• Debris Disks in NGC 2547
• On the Evolution of Dust Mineralogy, From Protoplanetary Disks to Planetary Systems
• Search for Cold Debris Disks around M-dwarfs
• Dust in the inner regions of debris disks around A stars
• A Spitzer IRS Study of Debris Disks Around Planet-Host Stars
• Confusion limited surveys: using WISE to quantify the rarity of warm dust around Kepler stars
• Spitzer Limits On Dust Emission and Optical Gas Absorption Variability Around Nearby Stars with Edge-On Circumstellar Disk Signatures
• Detecting Life-bearing Extra-solar Planets with Space Telescopes
• An Unbiased Survey of 500 Nearby Stars for Debris Disks: A JCMT Legacy Program
• First Fruits of the Spitzer Space Telescope: Galactic and Solar System Studies
• The infrared colors of the Sun
• Warm Debris Disks Candidates in Transiting Planets Systems
• Multi-Wavelength Modelling of the Beta Leo Debris Disc: 1, 2 or 3 planetesimal populations?
• EF Cha: Warm Dust Orbiting a Nearby 10 Myr Old Star
• Variations on Debris Disks III. Collisional Cascades and Giant Impacts in the Terrestrial Zones of Solar-type Stars
• The discovery of new warm debris disks around F-type stars
• Spectroscopic metallicities of Vega-like stars
• Discovery of an extended debris disk around the F2V star HD 15745
• Multi-Epoch Observations of HD69830: High Resolution Spectroscopy and Limits to Variability
• Rounding up the wanderers: optimizing coronagraphic searches for extrasolar planets
• The Transit Light Curve of an Exozodiacal Dust Cloud
• Survey of Nearby FGK Stars at 160 microns with Spitzer
• Probing the Terrestrial Regions of Planetary Systems: Warm Debris Disks with Emission Features
• Comprehensive analysis of HD 105, a young Solar System analog
• Searching for Planets Orbiting Alpha Centauri A with the James Webb Space Telescope
• Nulling interferometry: performance comparison between space and ground-based sites for exozodiacal disc detection
• Dusty Planetary Systems
• Debris discs around nearby Solar analogues
• The Kuiper Belt and Other Debris Disks
• A Herschel resolved debris disc around HD 105211
• Polarization of stars with debris disks: comparing observations with models
• Circumstellar Disks at White Dwarfs: Observations
• An ALMA 1.3 millimeter Search for Debris Disks around Solar-type Stars in the Pleiades
• Review and prospects of hot exozodiacal dust research for future exo-Earth direct imaging missions
• Sub-millimeter observations of IRAS and WISE debris disk candidates
• Multi-wavelength, spatially resolved modelling of HD 48682's debris disc
• Using Intermediate-Luminosity Optical Transients (ILOTs) to reveal extended extra-solar Kuiper belt objects