Spitzer 24 Micron Observations of Open Cluster IC 2391 and Debris Disk Evolution of FGK Stars

Abstract

We present 24 micron Spitzer/MIPS photometric observations of the ~50 Myr open cluster IC 2391. Thirty-four cluster members ranging in spectral type from B3-M5 were observed in the central square degree of the cluster. Excesses indicative of debris disks were discovered around 1 A star, 6 FGK stars, and possibly 1 M dwarf. For the cluster members observed to their photospheric limit, we find a debris disk frequency of 10 (-3,+17)% for B-A stars and 31 (-9,+13)% for FGK stars using a 15% relative excess threshold. Relative to a model of decaying excess frequency, the frequency of debris disks around A-type stars appears marginally low for the cluster's age while that of FGK stars appears consistent. Scenarios that may qualitatively explain this result are examined. We conclude that planetesimal activity in the terrestrial region of FGK stars is common in the first ~50 Myr and decays on timescales of ~100 Myr. Despite luminosity differences, debris disk evolution does not appear to depend strongly on stellar mass.

arXiv commenttotal 23 pages including 7 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ

References in corpus (41)

• The USNO-B Catalog
• Disk Frequencies and Lifetimes in Young Clusters
• Color Transformations for the 2MASS Second Incremental Data Release
• The second US Naval Observatory CCD Astrograph Catalog (UCAC2)
• Binarity in Brown Dwarfs: T Dwarf Binaries Discovered with the Hubble Space Telescope WPFC2
• The origin of planetary impactors in the inner solar system
• Reduction Algorithms for the Multiband Imaging Photometer for Spitzer
• The 24 Micron Source Counts in Deep Spitzer Surveys
• Spitzer IRS Spectroscopy of IRAS-Discovered Debris Disks
• Early Evolution of Stellar Groups and Clusters: Environmental Effects on Forming Planetary Systems
• Frequency of Debris Disks around Solar-Type Stars: First Results from a Spitzer/MIPS Survey
• A Moving Cluster Distance to the Exoplanet 2M1207 B in the TW Hya Association
• Spectroscopy of Very Low Mass Stars and Brown Dwarfs in IC2391: Lithium depletion and Halpha emission
• Age dependence of the Vega Phenomenon: Theory
• The Insignificance of P-R Drag in Detectable Extrasolar Planetesimal Belts
• Incidence and survival of remnant disks around main-sequence stars
• An Excess Due to Small Grains Around The Nearby K0V Star HD69830: Asteroid or Cometary Debris?
• Collisional Cascades in Planetesimal Disks II. Embedded Planets
• Dusty Debris Around Solar-Type Stars: Temporal Disk Evolution
• Prospects for Detection of Catastrophic Collisions in Debris Disks
• Detecting the Dusty Debris of Terrestrial Planet Formation
• Planets and IR Excesses: Preliminary Results from a Spitzer/MIPS Survey of Solar-Type Stars
• Formation and Evolution of Planetary Systems (FEPS): Primordial Warm Dust Evolution From 3-30 Myr around Sun-like Stars
• Membership, lithium, and metallicity in the young open clusters IC 2602 and IC 2391: enlarging the sample
• Extinction with 2MASS: star counts and reddening toward the North America and the Pelican Nebulae
• Can photo-evaporation trigger planetesimal formation?
• A Sub-Millimeter Search of Nearby Young Stars for Cold Dust: Discovery of Debris Disks around Two Low-Mass Stars
• A Spitzer Study of Dusty Disks in the Scorpius-Centaurus OB Association
• The age dependence of the Vega phenomenon: Observations
• IRS Spectra of Solar-Type Stars: \break A Search for Asteroid Belt Analogs
• The Formation and Evolution of Planetary Systems: First Results from a Spitzer Legacy Science Program
• Spitzer 24 micron Survey of Debris Disks in the Pleiades
• Variability in the stellar initial mass function at low and high mass: 3-component IMF models
• Formation and Evolution of Planetary Systems: Cold Outer Disks Associated with Sun-like stars
• The Formation and Evolution of Planetary Systems (FEPS): Discovery of an Unusual Debris System Associated with HD 12039
• Very Low Mass Stars and Brown Dwarfs of the Young Open Cluster IC2391
• New debris disk candidates: 24 micron stellar excesses at 100 Myr
• Spitzer Observations of G Dwarfs in the Pleiades: Circumstellar Debris Disks at 100 Myr Age
• Halting planet migration by photoevaporation from the central source
• M-type Vega-like stars
• X-ray spectral and timing characteristics of the stars in the young open cluster IC 2391

Cited by in corpus (63)

• Debris disks in main sequence binary systems
• The Stellar Populations of Praesepe and Coma Berenices
• Debris disks around Sun-like stars
• The Tucana/Horologium, Columba, AB Doradus, and Argus Associations: New Members and Dusty Debris Disks
• A Spitzer view of protoplanetary disks in the gamma Velorum cluster
• Variations on Debris Disks: Icy Planet Formation at 30-150 AU for 1-3 Solar Mass Main Sequence Stars
• The Disk Population of the Upper Scorpius Association
• Formation and Evolution of Planetary Systems (FEPS): Properties of Debris Dust around Solar-type Stars
• Debris Disks: Seeing Dust, Thinking of Planetesimals and Planets
• The Collisional Evolution of Debris Disks
• Debris from terrestrial planet formation: the Moon-forming collision
• A spectroscopy study of nearby late-type stars, possible members of stellar kinematic groups
• Spitzer/MIPS Observations of Stars in the Beta Pictoris Moving Group
• Evolution of Mid-IR Excess Around Sun-like Stars: Constraints on Models of Terrestrial Planet Formation
• Structure and evolution of debris disks around F-type stars: I. Observations, database and basic evolutionary aspects
• The Spitzer c2d Survey of Weak-Line T Tauri Stars. III. The Transition from Primordial Disks to Debris Disks
• The bright end of the exo-Zodi luminosity function: Disk evolution and implications for exo-Earth detectability
• Debris Disks in the Upper Scorpius OB Association
• Explorations Beyond the Snow Line: Spitzer/IRS Spectra of Debris Disks Around Solar-Type Stars
• Are debris disks self-stirred?
• Gas and dust in the Beta Pictoris Moving Group as seen by the Herschel Space Observatory
• A Sensitive Identification of Warm Debris Disks in the Solar Neighborhood Through Precise Calibration of Saturated WISE Photometry
• Are Debris Disks and Massive Planets Correlated?
• Variations on Debris Disks II. Icy Planet Formation as a Function of the Bulk Properties and Initial Sizes of Planetesimals
• The Age of the HD 15407 System and the Epoch of Final Catastrophic Mass Accretion onto Terrestrial Planets around Sun-like Stars
• Collisional and Thermal Emission Models of Debris Disks: Towards Planetesimal Population Properties
• Chemical composition of the young open clusters IC2602 and IC2391
• Debris Disks in NGC 2547
• The low level of debris disk activity at the time of the Late Heavy Bombardment: a Spitzer study of Praesepe
• TESS Hunt for Young and Maturing Exoplanets (THYME) IV: Three small planets orbiting a 120 Myr-old star in the Pisces--Eridanus stream
• Disc Frequencies for Brown Dwarfs in the Upper Scorpius OB Association: Implications for Brown Dwarf Formation Theories
• SPITZER/IRAC-MIPS Survey of NGC2451A and B: Debris Disks at 50-80 million years
• Confusion limited surveys: using WISE to quantify the rarity of warm dust around Kepler stars
• A Spitzer Study of Debris Disks In The Young Nearby Cluster NGC 2232: Icy Planets Are Common Around ~ 1.5--3 Solar-Mass Stars
• The debris disk host star HD 61005: a member of the Argus Association?
• Modeling Collisional Cascades In Debris Disks: The Numerical Method
• The Incidence of Debris Disks at 24 μm and 670 Myr
• Warm Debris Disks Candidates in Transiting Planets Systems
• Spitzer Observations of the Lambda Orionis cluster I: the frequency of young debris disks at 5 Myr
• Insights into planet formation from debris disks: II. Giant impacts in extrasolar planetary systems
• Variations on Debris Disks III. Collisional Cascades and Giant Impacts in the Terrestrial Zones of Solar-type Stars
• Debris Disks around Solar-Type Stars: Observations of the Pleiades with Spitzer Space Telescope
• Discovery of the Fomalhaut C debris disc
• A WISE-based search for debris discs amongst M-dwarfs in nearby, young, moving groups
• A revisit to agglomerates of early-type Hipparcos stars
• The kinematical and space structures of IC 2391 open cluster and moving group with Gaia-DR2
• A Constraint on brown dwarf formation via ejection: radial variation of the stellar and substellar mass function of the young open cluster IC2391
• Debris discs in the 27 Myr old open cluster IC4665
• Dusty Planetary Systems
• Debris Disks of Members of the Blanco 1 Open Cluster
• Bright Debris Disk Candidates Observed with AKARI/Far-Infrared Surveyor (FIS)
• The Kuiper Belt and Other Debris Disks
• Dust discs around intermediate mass and Sun-like stars in the 16 Myr old NGC 1960 open cluster
• Faint warm debris disks around nearby bright stars explored by AKARI and IRSF
• A deep multi-band investigation of IC2391
• IRS Characterization of a Debris Disk around an M-type star in NGC2547
• A GLIMPSE into the Nature of Galactic Mid-IR Excesses
• Searching for debris discs in the 30 Myr open cluster IC 4665
• Circumstellar Disk Evolution: Constraining Theories of Planet Formation
• TOI-2458 b: A mini-Neptune consistent with in situ hot Jupiter formation
• A WISE View of IRAS Debris Disks: Revising the Dust Properties
• Herschel/PACS photometry of transiting-planet host stars with candidate warm debris disks
• On the Solar System-Debris Disk Connecction