Planet formation around low mass stars: the moving snow line and super-Earths
arXiv:astro-ph/0609140 · doi:10.1086/508882
Abstract
We develop a semi-analytic model for planet formation during the pre-main sequence contraction phase of a low mass star. During this evolution, the stellar magnetosphere maintains a fixed ratio between the inner disk radius and the stellar radius. As the star contracts at constant effective temperature, the `snow line', which separates regions of rocky planet formation from regions of icy planet formation, moves inward. This process enables rapid formation of icy protoplanets that collide and merge into super-Earths before the star reaches the main sequence. The masses and orbits of these super-Earths are consistent with super-Earths detected in recent microlensing experiments.
accepted by ApJ Letters
References in corpus (5)
- Discovery of a Cool Planet of 5.5 Earth Masses Through Gravitational Microlensing
- Microlens OGLE-2005-BLG-169 Implies Cool Neptune-Like Planets are Common
- On the Location of the Snow Line in a Protoplanetary Disk
- Exploring brown dwarf disks: A 1.3 mm survey in Taurus
- Rapid Formation of Super-Earths around M Dwarf Stars
Cited by in corpus (59)
- Planet formation around stars of various masses: The snow line and the frequency of giant planets
- Detailed Models of super-Earths: How well can we infer bulk properties?
- A Low-Mass Planet with a Possible Sub-Stellar-Mass Host in Microlensing Event MOA-2007-BLG-192
- Predictions of the WFIRST Microlensing Survey I: Bound Planet Detection Rates
- Toward a Deterministic Model of Planetary Formation VI: Dynamical Interaction and Coagulation of Multiple Rocky Embryos and Super-Earth Systems around Solar Type Stars
- A Cold Neptune-Mass Planet OGLE-2007-BLG-368Lb: Cold Neptunes Are Common
- A decreased probability of habitable planet formation around low-mass stars
- New Debris Disks Around Young, Low Mass Stars Discovered With The Spitzer Space Telescope
- A Sub-Earth-Mass Moon Orbiting a Gas Giant Primary or a High Velocity Planetary System in the Galactic Bulge
- Observable Consequences of Planet Formation Models in Systems with Close-in Terrestrial Planets
- Masses and Orbital Constraints for the OGLE-2006-BLG-109Lb,c Jupiter/Saturn Analog Planetary System
- Microlensing Event MOA-2007-BLG-400: Exhuming the Buried Signature of a Cool, Jovian-Mass Planet
- On the Evolution of the Snow Line in Protoplanetary Discs
- Characterization of Gravitational Microlensing Planetary Host Stars
- Discovery and Mass Measurements of a Cold, 10-Earth Mass Planet and Its Host Star
- C/O and Snowline Locations in Protoplanetary Disks: The Effect of Radial Drift and Viscous Gas Accretion
- The First Circumbinary Planet Found by Microlensing: OGLE-2007-BLG-349L(AB)c
- An Efficient Method for Modeling High Magnification Planetary Microlensing Events
- Volatile Delivery to Planets from Water-rich Planetesimals around Low Mass Stars
- Planets Formed in Habitable Zones of M Dwarf Stars Probably are Deficient in Volatiles
- Planetary and Other Short Binary Microlensing Events from the MOA Short Event Analysis
- MOA-2011-BLG-293Lb: First Microlensing Planet possibly in the Habitable Zone
- Rapid Formation of Icy Super-Earths and the Cores of Gas Giant Planets
- The Interior Dynamics of Water Planets
- Second-generation microlensing planet surveys: a realistic simulation
- The Role of Ice Compositions for Snowlines and the C/N/O Ratios in Active Disks
- An Improbable Solution to the Underluminosity of 2M1207B: A Hot Protoplanet Collision Afterglow
- OGLE-2017-BLG-1522: A giant planet around a brown dwarf located in the Galactic bulge
- The First Neptune Analog or Super-Earth with Neptune-like Orbit: MOA-2013-BLG-605Lb
- On the evolution of the snow line in protoplanetary discs II: Analytic approximations
- Revisiting MOA 2013 BLG-220L: A Solar-type star with a Cold super-Jupiter Companion
- Discovery of a Transiting Planet Near the Snow-Line
- The Star Blended with the MOA-2008-BLG-310 Source Is Not the Exoplanet Host Star
- Kojima-1Lb Is a Mildly Cold Neptune around the Brightest Microlensing Host Star
- The Formation and Dynamics of Super-Earth Planets
- Detection Probability of a Low-Mass Planet for Triple Lens Events: Implication of Properties of Binary-Lens Superposition
- Limits on additional planetary companions to OGLE-2005-BLG-390L
- The First Planetary Microlensing Event with Two Microlensed Source Stars
- Microlensing by a wide-separation planet: detectability and boundness
- Super-Earths: A New Class of Planetary Bodies
- Detecting the Signatures of Uranus and Neptune
- Detection of Extrasolar Planets by Gravitational Microlensing
- MOA-2008-BLG-379Lb: A Massive Planet from a High Magnification Event with a Faint Source
- Detection and characterization of an ultra-dense sub-Neptune planet orbiting the Sun-like star HD 119130
- Detection of Exoplanet as a Binary Source of Microlensing Events in WFIRST Survey
- Solar System Moons as Analogs for Compact Exoplanetary Systems
- Discovery of a Gas giant Planet in Microlensing Event OGLE-2014-BLG-1760
- MOA-bin-29b : A Microlensing Gas Giant Planet Orbiting a Low-mass Host Star
- MOA Data Reveal a New Mass, Distance, and Relative Proper Motion for Planetary System OGLE-2015-BLG-0954L
- OGLE-2017-BLG-0482Lb: A Microlensing Super-Earth Orbiting a Low-mass Host Star
- MOA-2012-BLG-505Lb: A super-Earth mass planet probably in the Galactic bulge
- Infrared-Radio-follow-up Observations for Detection of the Magnetic Radio Emission of Extra-Solar Planets: A New Window to Detect Exoplanets
- Millimagnitude Photometry for Transiting Extrasolar Planetary Candidates IV: The Puzzle of the Extremely Red OGLE-TR-82 Primary Solved
- Separated twins or just siblings? A multi-planet system around an M dwarf including a cool sub-Neptune
- OGLE-2015-BLG-1649Lb: A gas giant planet around a low-mass dwarf
- A Framework for Planet Detection with Faint Light-curve Echoes
- MOA-2010-BLG-328: Keck and HST Expose the Limits of Occams Razor in Microlensing
- Formation of super-Earths in icy dead zones around low-mass stars
- OGLE-2016-BLG-1195Lb: A Sub-Neptune Beyond the Snow Line of an M-dwarf Confirmed by Keck AO