Point Source Extraction with MOPEX

Abstract

MOPEX (MOsaicking and Point source EXtraction) is a package developed at the Spitzer Science Center for astronomical image processing. We report on the point source extraction capabilities of MOPEX. Point source extraction is implemented as a two step process: point source detection and profile fitting. Non-linear matched filtering of input images can be performed optionally to increase the signal-to-noise ratio and improve detection of faint point sources. Point Response Function (PRF) fitting of point sources produces the final point source list which includes the fluxes and improved positions of the point sources, along with other parameters characterizing the fit. Passive and active deblending allows for successful fitting of confused point sources. Aperture photometry can also be computed for every extracted point source for an unlimited number of aperture sizes. PRF is estimated directly from the input images. Implementation of efficient methods of background and noise estimation, and modified Simplex algorithm contribute to the computational efficiency of MOPEX. The package is implemented as a loosely connected set of perl scripts, where each script runs a number of modules written in C/C++. Input parameter setting is done through namelists, ASCII configuration files. We present applications of point source extraction to the mosaic images taken at 24 and 70 micron with the Multiband Imaging Photometer (MIPS) as part of the Spitzer extragalactic First Look Survey and to a Digital Sky Survey image. Completeness and reliability of point source extraction is computed using simulated data.

20 pages, 13 Postscript figures, accepted for publication in PASP

References in corpus (1)

• Extragalactic Source Counts at 24 Microns in the Spitzer First Look Survey

Cited by in corpus (232)

• Dust Obscuration and Metallicity at High Redshift: New Inferences from UV, H-alpha, and 8 Micron Observations of z~2 Star-Forming Galaxies
• Star Formation and Extinction in Redshift z~2 Galaxies: Inferences from Spitzer MIPS Observations
• The Characteristic Star Formation Histories of Galaxies at Redshifts z~2-7
• The Taurus Spitzer Survey: New Candidate Taurus Members Selected Using Sensitive Mid-Infrared Photometry
• Nearby debris disk systems with high fractional luminosity reconsidered
• New Debris Disks Around Young, Low Mass Stars Discovered With The Spitzer Space Telescope
• The Spitzer/IRAC view of black hole - bulge scaling relations
• Properties of Hi-GAL clumps in the inner Galaxy]{The Hi-GAL compact source catalogue. I. The physical properties of the clumps in the inner Galaxy ($-71.0^{\circ }<\ell <67.0^{\circ }$)
• Herschel-ATLAS: a binary HyLIRG pinpointing a cluster of starbursting proto-ellipticals
• The Last Gasp of Gas Giant Planet Formation: A Spitzer Study of the 5 Myr-old Cluster NGC 2362
• Source extraction and photometry for the far-infrared and sub-millimeter continuum in the presence of complex backgrounds
• Measuring the Fraction of Obscured Quasars by the Infrared Luminosity of Unobscured Quasars
• The Carnegie Hubble Program: The Distance and Structure of the SMC as Revealed by Mid-infrared Observations of Cepheids
• Near and Mid-IR Photometry of the Pleiades, and a New List of Substellar Candidate Members
• The Spitzer c2d Survey of Large, Nearby, Interstellar Clouds: VI. Perseus Observed with MIPS
• The XMM Cluster Survey: Active Galactic Nuclei and Starburst Galaxies in XMMXCS J2215.9-1738 at z=1.46
• Pathway to the Galactic Distribution of Planets: Combined Spitzer and Ground-Based Microlens Parallax Measurements of 21 Single-Lens Events
• Probing the Dust and Gas in the Transitional Disk of CS Cha with Spitzer
• Star formation in M33: multiwavelength signatures across the disk
• Direct evidence of dust growth in L183 from MIR light scattering
• Spitzer 70 and 160-micron Observations of the Extragalactic First Look Survey
• Spitzer/MIPS Observations of Stars in the Beta Pictoris Moving Group
• The Spitzer View of Low-Metallicity Star Formation: III. Fine Structure Lines, Aromatic Features, and Molecules
• The evolution of the galaxy stellar mass function over the last twelve billion years from a combination of ground-based and HST surveys
• The VLA-COSMOS Perspective on the IR-Radio Relation. I. New Constraints on Selection Biases and the Non-Evolution of the IR/Radio Properties of Star Forming and AGN Galaxies at Intermediate and High Redshift
• Molecular Gas in NUclei of GAlaxies (NUGA): IX. The decoupled bars and gas inflow in NGC 2782
• Star formation histories of UV-luminous galaxies at $z\simeq 6.8$: implications for stellar mass assembly at early cosmic times
• Optical Spectroscopy of X-ray sources in the Extended Chandra Deep Field South
• Specific star-formation and the relation to stellar mass from 0<z<2 as seen in the far-infrared at 70 and 160mu
• The electron-capture origin of supernova 2018zd
• Detection of PAH and Far-Infrared Emission from the Cosmic Eye: Probing the Dust and Star Formation of Lyman Break Galaxies
• Debris Disks in the Upper Scorpius OB Association
• Shedding New Light on the 3C 273 Jet with the Spitzer Space Telescope
• Bayesian methods of astronomical source extraction
• The spectral energy distribution of quiescent black hole X-ray binaries: new constraints from Spitzer
• Spitzer Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy of Infrared Luminous Galaxies at z~2 III: Far-IR to Radio Properties and Optical Spectral Diagnostics
• The Spitzer Space Telescope Extra-Galactic First Look Survey: 24 micron data reduction, catalog, and source identification
• The complete spectrum of the neutron star X-ray binary 4U0614+091
• Orion Revisited - I. The massive cluster in front of the Orion Nebula Cluster
• Spitzer/MIPS 24um Observations of Galaxy Clusters: An Increasing Fraction of Obscured Star-forming Members from z=0.02 to z=0.83
• Spitzer 70 and 160-micron Observations of the COSMOS Field
• The Carnegie Hubble Program: The Leavitt Law at 3.6 and 4.5 micron in the Milky Way
• The Formation and Evolution of Planetary Systems: Description of the Spitzer Legacy Science Database
• New light on gamma-ray burst host galaxies with Herschel
• The Type II-Plateau Supernova 2017eaw in NGC 6946 and Its Red Supergiant Progenitor
• The Electron Energy Distribution in the Hotspots of Cygnus A: Filling the Gap with the Spitzer Space Telescope
• Are Debris Disks and Massive Planets Correlated?
• Star formation in M33: the radial and local relations with the gas
• The 2008 outburst of EX Lup - silicate crystals in motion
• Stirring in massive, young debris discs from spatially resolved Herschel images
• The Spitzer Survey of the Small Magellanic Cloud: Discovery of Embedded Protostars in the HII Region NGC 346
• The Carnegie Hubble Program: The Leavitt Law at 3.6 μm and 4.5 μm in the Large Magellanic Cloud
• Spitzer IRS 16 micron Observations of the GOODS Fields
• The Spitzer c2d Survey of Nearby Dense Cores: IV. Revealing the Embedded Cluster in B59
• Spitzer Observations of Bok Globule B335: Isolated Star Formation Efficiency and Cloud Structure
• Infrared and Ultraviolet Star Formation in Brightest Cluster Galaxies in the ACCEPT Sample
• Supermassive black holes and their host spheroids I. Disassembling galaxies
• Spitzer and Herschel-based SEDs of 24um-bright z~0.3-3.0 starbursts and obscured quasars
• Confirmation of One of the Coldest Known Brown Dwarfs
• Tracing the jet contribution to the mid-IR over the 2005 outburst of GRO J1655-40 via broadband spectral modeling
• Persistence of the Color-Density Relation and Efficient Environmental Quenching to $z\sim 1.4$
• Spitzer Reveals Infrared Optically-Thin Synchrotron Emission from the Compact Jet of the Neutron Star X-Ray Binary 4U 0614+091
• Deep MIPS Observations of the IC 348 Nebula: Constraints on the Evolutionary State of Anemic Circumstellar Disks and the Primordial-to-Debris Disk Transition
• No Evidence for Evolution in the Far-Infrared-Radio Correlation out to z ~ 2 in the eCDFS
• SN 2009ip at late times - an interacting transient at +2 years
• The Spitzer c2d Survey of Large, Nearby, Interstellar Clouds VIII. Serpens Observed with MIPS
• AzTEC/ASTE 1.1 mm survey of SSA22: Counterpart identification and photometric redshift survey of submillimeter galaxies
• A Spitzer Space Telescope Atlas of omega Centauri: The Stellar Population, Mass Loss, and the Intracluster Medium
• The North American and Pelican Nebulae II. MIPS Observations and Analysis
• Spitzer Follow-up of Extremely Cold Brown Dwarfs Discovered by the Backyard Worlds: Planet 9 Citizen Science Project
• Discovery of an Optically Thick, Edge-on Disk around the Herbig Ae star PDS 144N
• Expanding the Y Dwarf Census with Spitzer Follow-up of the Coldest CatWISE Solar Neighborhood Discoveries
• Stellar Populations and Mass-Loss in M15: A Spitzer Detection of Dust in the Intra-Cluster Medium
• The Link Between SCUBA and Spitzer: Cold Galaxies at z<1
• Spectral Energy Distribution Fitting of HETDEX Pilot Survey Lyman-alpha Emitters in COSMOS and GOODS-N
• The circumstellar envelopes of the Cepheids L Car and RS Pup - Comparative study in the infrared with Spitzer, VLT/VISIR and VLTI/MIDI
• Testing models for molecular gas formation in galaxies: hydrostatic pressure or gas and dust shielding?
• Galaxy Counts at 24 Microns in the SWIRE Fields
• Albedos of Small Jovian Trojans
• A Spitzer Study of Asymptotic Giant Branch Stars. III. Dust Production and Gas Return in Local Group Dwarf Irregular Galaxies
• Chronos and Kairos: Mosfire Observations of Post-Starburst Galaxies in z~1 Clusters and Groups
• The ASKAP/EMU Source Finding Data Challenge
• A Survey For Planetary-mass Brown Dwarfs in the Taurus and Perseus Star-forming Regions
• The North American and Pelican Nebulae I. IRAC Observations
• Outflows and Bubbles in Taurus: Star-formation Feedback Sufficient to Maintain Turbulence
• The HELLAS2XMM survey. X. The bolometric output of luminous obscured quasars: The Spitzer perspective
• ALMA observations of cool dust in a low-metallicity starburst, SBS0335-052
• It's Alive! The Supernova Impostor 1961V
• Is Dust Forming on the Red Giant Branch in 47 Tuc?
• The nature of mid-infrared excesses from hot dust around Sun-like stars
• The HerMES sub-millimetre local and low-redshift luminosity functions
• Spitzer Space Telescope Infrared Observations of the Binary Neutron Star Merger GW170817
• An accurate measurement of the anisotropies and mean level of the Cosmic Infrared Background at 100 and 160 um
• Herschel-ATLAS and ALMA: HATLAS J142935.3-002836, a lensed major merger at redshift 1.027
• A Survey for New Stars and Brown Dwarfs in the Ophiuchus Star-forming Complex
• SPT 0538-50: Physical conditions in the ISM of a strongly lensed dusty star-forming galaxy at z=2.8
• Galaxies Probing Galaxies at High Resolution: Co-Rotating Gas Associated with a Milky Way Analog at z=0.4
• Herschel far-infrared observations of the Carina Nebula complex II: The embedded young stellar and protostellar population
• Exploring the Effects of Stellar Rotation and Wind Clearing: Debris Disks Around F Stars
• Extending the baseline: Spitzer Mid-Infrared Photometry of Globular Cluster Systems in the Centaurus A and Sombrero Galaxies
• Molecular Gas in NUclei of GAlaxies (NUGA): XII. The head-on collision in NGC1961
• The extremely red host galaxy of GRB 080207
• Photometric Monitoring of the Coldest Known Brown Dwarf with the Spitzer Space Telescope
• Halo dust detection around NGC 891
• Stellar masses and star formation rates of lensed dusty star-forming galaxies from the SPT survey
• Discovering young stars in the Gum 31 region with infrared observations
• HST and Spitzer Observations of the Host Galaxy of GRB 050904: A Metal-Enriched, Dusty Starburst at z=6.295
• Spitzer Space Telescope detection of the young supernova remnant 1E 0102.2-7219
• Spitzer Space Telescope evidence in NGC 6791: no super-mass-loss at super-solar metallicity to explain helium white dwarfs?
• The Spitzer c2d Survey of Large, Nearby, Interstellar Clouds. IV. Lupus Observed with MIPS
• Infrared photometric study of the massive star forming region S235 using Spitzer-IRAC and JHK observations
• Spitzer Observations of IC 2118
• H-ATLAS: A Candidate High Redshift Cluster/Protocluster of Star-Forming Galaxies
• Mid-infrared spectra of comet nuclei
• Hard X-ray selected AGNs in low-mass galaxies from the NuSTAR serendipitous survey
• WISEA J083011.95+283716.0: A Missing Link Planetary-Mass Object
• A new sample of warm extreme debris disks from the ALLWISE catalog
• Establishing a New Technique for Discovering Large-Scale Structure Using the ORELSE Survey
• Spitzer Space Telescope observations of magnetic cataclysmic variables: possibilities for the presence of dust in polars
• The discovery of new warm debris disks around F-type stars
• Spitzer/IRAC view of Sh 2-284: Searching for evidence of triggered star formation in an isolated region in the outer Milky Way
• Spitzer-MIPS Observations of the eta Cha Young Association
• The HELLAS2XMM survey. XIII. Multi-component analysis of the spectral energy distribution of obscured AGN
• ACCESS II: A Complete Census of Star Formation in the Shapley Supercluster - UV and IR Luminosity Functions
• The AKARI Deep Field South: Spitzer 24 and 70 micron Observations, Catalogs and Counts
• A Census of Stars and Disks in Corona Australis
• A New Parallax Measurement for the Coldest Known Brown Dwarf
• MBM 12: young protoplanetary discs at high galactic latitude
• The Properties of Radio Galaxies and the Effect of Environment in Large Scale Structures at $z\sim 1$
• A survey for planetary-mass brown dwarfs in the Chamaeleon I star-forming region
• Deep JHKs and Spitzer Imaging of Four Isolated Molecular Cloud Cores
• The HELLAS2XMM Survey. XII. The infrared/sub-millimeter view of an X-ray selected Type 2 quasar at z=2
• XMM-Newton investigations of the Lambda Orionis star-forming region (XILO). I. The young cluster Collinder 69
• Millimeter and Submillimeter Excess Emission in M33 revealed by Planck and LABOCA
• The Ultraviolet-to-Mid-Infrared Spectral Energy Distribution of Weak Emission Line Quasars
• Data preparation for asteroseismology with TESS
• Cool Customers in the Stellar Graveyard IV: Spitzer Search for Mid-IR excesses Around Five DAs
• Circumstellar Disks in the Outer Galaxy: the Star-Forming Region NGC 1893
• An embedded active nucleus in the OH megamaser galaxy IRAS16399-0937
• Jet-driving protostars identified from infrared observations of the Carina Nebula complex
• The Spitzer Survey of Interstellar Clouds in the Gould Belt. IV. Lupus V and VI Observed with IRAC and MIPS
• On the dust geometry in radio-loud active galactic nuclei
• Constraints on the Intracluster Dust Emission in the Coma Cluster of Galaxies
• Dynamics during outburst: VLTI observations of the young eruptive star V1647 Ori during its 2003-2006 outburst
• New M dwarf debris disk candidates in NGC 2547
• SuperBoRG: Search for The Brightest of Reionizing Galaxies and Quasars in HST Parallel Imaging Data
• Identifying the SN 2022acko progenitor with JWST
• Star-forming cores embedded in a massive cold clump: Fragmentation, collapse and energetic outflows
• The VISTA Carina Nebula Survey II. Spatial distribution of the infrared-excess-selected young stellar population
• The Eruption of the Candidate Young Star ASASSN-15qi
• A Multiply Imaged Luminous Infrared Galaxy Behind the Bullet Cluster
• Spitzer Imaging of Herschel-ATLAS Gravitationally Lensed Submillimeter Sources
• Clustering of star-forming galaxies detected in mid-infrared with the Spitzer wide-area survey
• The Nature of LoBAL QSOs: I. SEDs and mid-infrared spectral properties
• New Young Star Candidates in BRC 27 and BRC 34
• An Infrared Study of the Large-scale Jet in Quasar PKS 1136-135
• The Evolution of Circumstellar Disks Surrounding Intermediate Mass Stars: IC 1805
• The "DODO" survey I: limits on ultra-cool substellar and planetary-mass companions to van Maanen's star (vMa 2)
• The IRAC Dark Field; Far- Infrared to X-ray Data
• New Young Star Candidates in CG4 and Sa101
• Improved infrared photometry and a preliminary parallax measurement for the extremely cold brown dwarf CWISEP J144606.62$-$231717.8
• Accretion-Inhibited Star Formation in the Warm Molecular Disk of the Green-valley Elliptical Galaxy NGC 3226
• Molecular Gas in NUclei of GAlaxies (NUGA) XIII. The interacting Seyfert 2/LINER galaxy NGC 5953
• The extinction law for molecular clouds. Case study of B 335
• Late-Time Dust Emission from the Type IIn Supernova 1995N
• Debris discs in the 27 Myr old open cluster IC4665
• X-rays from the Power Sources of the Cepheus A Star-Forming Region
• Spatial Variation in Strong Line Ratios and Physical Conditions in Two Strongly-Lensed Galaxies at z~1.4
• The Nucleus of the Planetary Nebula EGB 6 as a Post-Mira Binary
• The Spitzer View of Low-Metallicity Star Formation: I. Haro 3
• A census of young stellar population associated with the Herbig Be star HD 200775
• Possible Evidence of the Radio AGN Quenching of Neighboring Galaxies at z $\sim$ 1
• Wheels of Fire IV. Star Formation and the Neutral Interstellar Medium in the Ring Galaxy AM0644-741
• Proper motions of young stars in Chamaeleon. II. New kinematical candidate members of Chamaeleon I and II
• Debris Disks of Members of the Blanco 1 Open Cluster
• A sub-AU outwardly truncated accretion disk around a classical T Tauri star
• PKS1932-46: a radio source in an interacting group?
• A Tale of Two Impostors: SN2002kg and SN1954J in NGC 2403
• The outbursting protostar 2MASS~22352345+7517076 and its environment
• Measuring High-Precision Astrometry with the Infrared Array Camera on the Spitzer Space Telescope
• PyGFit: A Tool for Extracting PSF Matched Photometry
• A Spitzer Space Telescope survey of extreme Asymptotic Giant Branch stars in M32
• Spitzer IRAC Low Surface Brightness Observations of the Virgo Cluster
• The big sibling of AU Mic: a cold dust-rich debris disk around CP-72 2713 in the $\beta$ Pic moving group
• Albedos of Small Hilda Group Asteroids as Revealed by Spitzer
• Dusty OB stars in the Small Magellanic Cloud - II: Extragalactic Disks or Examples of the Pleiades Phenomenon?
• An infrared-submillimeter study of star-forming regions selected by the ISOSS 170um survey
• On the frequency of star-forming galaxies in the vicinity of powerful AGNs: The case of SMM J04135+10277
• The Spitzer View of Low-Metallicity Star Formation: II. Mrk 996, a Blue Compact Dwarf Galaxy with an Extremely Dense Nucleus
• Dust discs around intermediate mass and Sun-like stars in the 16 Myr old NGC 1960 open cluster
• Periodic optical variability and debris accretion in white dwarfs: a test for a causal connection
• Spitzer-MIPS survey of the young stellar content in the Vela Molecular Cloud-D
• A multi-wavelength analysis of Spitzer selected Coma Cluster galaxies: star formation rates and masses
• AutoSourceID-Light. Fast Optical Source Localization via U-Net and Laplacian of Gaussian
• A Random Forest Approach to Identifying Young Stellar Object Candidates in the Lupus Star-Forming Region
• Spitzer IRAC observations of IR excess in Holmberg IX X-1: A circumbinary disk or a variable jet?
• Spitzer observations of Abell 1763 - I: infrared and optical photometry
• The Environments of Luminous Radio - WISE Selected Infrared Galaxies
• Probing the initial conditions of high-mass star formation. III. Fragmentation and triggered star formation
• The XMM-Newton Bright Survey sample of absorbed quasars: X-ray and accretion properties
• Early phases in the stellar and substellar formation and evolution: Infrared and submillimeter data in the Barnard 30 dark cloud
• A massive nebula around the Luminous Blue Variable star RMC143 revealed by ALMA
• Spitzer 24-micron Time-Series Observations of the Eclipsing M-dwarf Binary GU Bootis
• Hard X-ray Emission Associated with White Dwarfs. IV. Signs of Accretion from Sub-stellar Companions
• Far-Infrared Properties of Type 1 Quasars
• Infrared spectroscopy of intermediate mass young stellar objects
• BaTMAn: Bayesian Technique for Multi-image Analysis
• SEDeblend: A new method for deblending spectral energy distributions in confused imaging
• CFBDSIR 2149-0403: young isolated planetary-mass object or high-metallicity low-mass brown dwarf??
• Characterizing star formation activity in infrared dark cloud MSXDC G048.65-00.29
• [CII] and CO Emission Along the Bar and Counter-Arms of NGC 7479
• The Far-Infrared-Radio Correlation in MS0451-03
• Hydra II: Characterisation of Aegean, Caesar, ProFound, PyBDSF, and Selavy source finders
• Star Formation and the Interstellar Medium In Nearby Tidal Streams (SAINTS): Spitzer Mid-infrared Spectroscopy and Imaging of Intergalactic Star-forming Objects
• Serendipitous discovery of a dusty disc around WDJ181417.84-735459.83
• Long-term 4.6$\mu$m Variability in Brown Dwarfs and a New Technique for Identifying Brown Dwarf Binary Candidates
• Spitzer Observations of Var Her 04: Possible Detection of Dust Formation in a Super-Outbursting TOAD
• Not a galaxy: IRAS 04186+5143, a new young stellar cluster in the outer Galaxy
• The Spitzer Archival Far-InfraRed Extragalactic Survey
• The pros and cons of the inversion method approach to derive 3D dust emission properties of the ISM: the Hi-GAL field centred on (l,b)=(30${}^{\circ }$,0${}^{\circ }$)
• Hydra I: An extensible multi-source-finder comparison and cataloguing tool
• Infrared variable stars in the compact elliptical galaxy M32
• Searching for Nuclear Obscuration in the Infrared Spectra of Nearby FR I Radio Galaxies
• Galactic bulge giants: probing stellar and galactic evolution I. Catalogue of Spitzer IRAC and MIPS sources
• Nucleus of active asteroid 358P/Pan-STARRS (P/2012 T1)
• ALMA, ATCA, and Spitzer Observations of the Luminous Extragalactic Supernova SN 1978K
• The Stellar Population of Metal-Poor Galaxies at z $\approx$ 0.8 and the Evolution of the Mass-Metallicity Relation
• The Hawaii SCUBA-2 Lensing Cluster Survey: Radio-detected Submillimeter Galaxies in the HST Frontier Fields
• An X-ray and Infrared Survey of the Lynds 1228 Cloud Core
• A multi-wavelength study of Galactic H II regions with extended emission
• Virtual Realities: Is there only one advanced image display that astronomers need?
• Dust heating in the cores of 3CRR radio galaxies