Late-Time Dust Emission from the Type IIn Supernova 1995N

Abstract

The Type IIn supernovae (SNe IIn) have been found to be associated with significant amounts of dust. These core-collapse events are generally expected to be the final stage in the evolution of highly-massive stars, either while in an extreme red supergiant phase or during a luminous blue variable phase. Both evolutionary scenarios involve substantial pre-supernova mass loss. I have analyzed the SN IIn 1995N in MCG -02-38-017 (Arp 261), for which mid-infrared archival data obtained with the Spitzer Space Telescope in 2009 (~14.7 yr after explosion) and with the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) in 2010 (~15.6--16.0 yr after explosion) reveal a luminous (~2e7 L_sun) source detected from 3.4 to 24 micron. These observations probe the circumstellar material, set up by pre-SN mass loss, around the progenitor star and indicate the presence of ~0.05--0.12 M_sun of pre-existing, cool dust at ~240 K. This is at least a factor ~10 lower than the dust mass required to be produced from SNe at high redshift, but the case of SN 1995N lends further evidence that highly massive stars could themselves be important sources of dust.

12 pages, 6 figures, appearing in the 2013 May issue of the Astronomical Journal

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• Observational limits on the early-time dust mass in SN1987A
• SOFIA Observations of SN 2010jl: Another Non-Detection of the 9.7 $\mu$m Silicate Dust Feature
• Early gray dust formation in the type IIn SN 2005ip
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• Spitzer's Last Look at Extragalactic Explosions: Long-Term Evolution of Interacting Supernovae