WISEA J083011.95+283716.0: A Missing Link Planetary-Mass Object

Abstract

We present the discovery of WISEA J083011.95+283716.0, the first Y dwarf candidate identified through the Backyard Worlds: Planet 9 citizen science project. We identified this object as a red, fast-moving source with a faint $W2$ detection in multi-epoch \textit{AllWISE} and unWISE images. We have characterized this object with Spitzer Space Telescope and \textit{Hubble Space Telescope} follow-up imaging. With mid-infrared detections in \textit{Spitzer}'s \emph{ch1} and \emph{ch2} bands and flux upper limits in Hubble Space Telescope $F105W$ and $F125W$ filters, we find that this object is both very faint and has extremely red colors ($ch1-ch2=3.25\pm 0.23$ mag, $F125W-ch2\ge 9.36$ mag), consistent with a T${}_{eff}\sim 300$ K source, as estimated from the known Y dwarf population. A preliminary parallax provides a distance of $11.1_{-1.5}^{+2.0}$ pc, leading to a slightly warmer temperature of $\sim 350$ K. The extreme faintness and red Hubble Space Telescope and Spitzer Space Telescope colors of this object suggest it may be a link between the broader Y dwarf population and the coldest known brown dwarf WISE J0855$-$0714, and highlight our limited knowledge of the true spread of Y dwarf colors. We also present four additional Backyard Worlds: Planet 9 late-T brown dwarf discoveries within 30 pc.

13 pages, 6 figures, 5 tables

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Cited by in corpus (2)

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• New Candidates for Planetary-mass Brown Dwarfs in IC 348