WISEA J083011.95+283716.0: A Missing Link Planetary-Mass Object

Abstract

We present the discovery of WISEA J083011.95+283716.0, the first Y dwarf candidate identified through the Backyard Worlds: Planet 9 citizen science project. We identified this object as a red, fast-moving source with a faint $W2$ detection in multi-epoch \textit{AllWISE} and unWISE images. We have characterized this object with Spitzer Space Telescope and \textit{Hubble Space Telescope} follow-up imaging. With mid-infrared detections in \textit{Spitzer}'s \emph{ch1} and \emph{ch2} bands and flux upper limits in Hubble Space Telescope $F105W$ and $F125W$ filters, we find that this object is both very faint and has extremely red colors ($ch1-ch2=3.25\pm 0.23$ mag, $F125W-ch2\ge 9.36$ mag), consistent with a T${}_{eff}\sim 300$ K source, as estimated from the known Y dwarf population. A preliminary parallax provides a distance of $11.1_{-1.5}^{+2.0}$ pc, leading to a slightly warmer temperature of $\sim 350$ K. The extreme faintness and red Hubble Space Telescope and Spitzer Space Telescope colors of this object suggest it may be a link between the broader Y dwarf population and the coldest known brown dwarf WISE J0855$-$0714, and highlight our limited knowledge of the true spread of Y dwarf colors. We also present four additional Backyard Worlds: Planet 9 late-T brown dwarf discoveries within 30 pc.

13 pages, 6 figures, 5 tables

References in corpus (68)

• Astropy: A Community Python Package for Astronomy
• The Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE): Mission Description and Initial On-orbit Performance
• New evolutionary models for pre-main sequence and main sequence low-mass stars down to the hydrogen-burning limit
• The Stellar IMF from Turbulent Fragmentation
• Initial Performance of the NEOWISE Reactivation Mission
• The Formation of Brown Dwarfs as Ejected Stellar Embryos
• The Hawaii Infrared Parallax Program. I. Ultracool Binaries and the L/T Transition
• Stellar, brown dwarf and multiple star properties from a radiation hydrodynamical simulation of star cluster formation
• Neglected Clouds in T and Y Dwarf Atmospheres
• NEOWISE Observations of Near-Earth Objects: Preliminary Results
• The Discovery of Y Dwarfs Using Data from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE)
• Further Defining Spectral Type "Y" and Exploring the Low-mass End of the Field Brown Dwarf Mass Function
• The properties of brown dwarfs and low-mass hydrogen-burning stars formed by disc fragmentation
• unWISE: unblurred coadds of the WISE imaging
• Beyond the T Dwarfs: Theoretical Spectra, Colors, and Detectability of the Coolest Brown Dwarfs
• Point Source Extraction with MOPEX
• The Brown Dwarf Kinematics Project (BDKP) I. Proper Motions and Tangential Velocities for a Large Sample of Late-type M, L and T Dwarfs
• The Brown Dwarf Kinematics Project (BDKP). III. Parallaxes for 70 Ultracool Dwarfs
• Atmospheric Chemistry in Giant Planets, Brown Dwarfs, and Low-Mass Dwarf Stars II. Sulfur and Phosphorus
• The Hawaii Infrared Parallax Program. II. Young Ultracool Field Dwarfs
• Distances, Luminosities, and Temperatures of the Coldest Known Substellar Objects
• Discovery of a ~250 K Brown Dwarf at 2 pc from the Sun
• Water Clouds in Y Dwarfs and Exoplanets
• Discovery of a Candidate for the Coolest Known Brown Dwarf
• Two regimes of Turbulent Fragmentation and the stellar IMF from Primordial to Present Day Star Formation
• The Formation of Free-Floating Brown Dwarves and Planetary-Mass Objects by Photo-Erosion of Prestellar Cores
• The UKIRT Hemisphere Survey: Definition and J-band Data Release
• New H2 collision-induced absorption and NH3 opacity and the spectra of the coolest brown dwarfs
• T Dwarfs and the Substellar Mass Function. I. Monte Carlo Simulations
• Preliminary Trigonometric Parallaxes of 184 Late-T and Y Dwarfs and an Analysis of the Field Substellar Mass Function into the "Planetary" Mass Regime
• The CatWISE Preliminary Catalog: Motions from $WISE$ and $NEOWISE$ Data
• Full-depth Coadds of the WISE and First-year NEOWISE-Reactivation Images
• Hubble Space Telescope Spectroscopy of Brown Dwarfs Discovered with the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer
• Physical and Spectral Characteristics of the T8 and Later-Type Dwarfs
• Deep Full-sky Coadds from Three Years of WISE and NEOWISE Observations
• Two Extraordinary Substellar Binaries at the T/Y Transition and the Y-Band Fluxes of the Coolest Brown Dwarfs
• The AllWISE Motion Survey, Part 2
• The Closest Known Flyby of a Star to the Solar System
• Time-resolved WISE/NEOWISE Coadds
• The First Brown Dwarf Discovered by the Backyard Worlds: Planet 9 Citizen Science Project
• Spectral Variability from the Patchy Atmospheres of T and Y Dwarfs
• The Luminosities of the Coldest Brown Dwarfs
• A Uniform Retrieval Analysis of Ultracool Dwarfs. III. Properties of Y-Dwarfs
• WISE J163940.83-684738.6: A Y Dwarf identified by Methane Imaging
• The Minimum Mass for Opacity-Limited Fragmentation in Turbulent Cloud Cores
• An L Band Spectrum of the Coldest Brown Dwarf
• The First Spectrum of the Coldest Brown Dwarf
• Expanding the Y Dwarf Census with Spitzer Follow-up of the Coldest CatWISE Solar Neighborhood Discoveries
• WISE J072003.20-084651.2: An Old and Active M9.5 + T5 Spectral Binary 6 pc from the Sun
• Neighbours hiding in the Galactic plane - a new M/L dwarf candidate for the 8pc sample
• Discovery of the Y1 Dwarf WISE J064723.23-623235.5
• Indications of Water Clouds in the Coldest Known Brown Dwarf
• The Spectral Energy Distribution of the Coldest Known Brown Dwarf
• WISE J072003.20-084651.2B Is A Massive T Dwarf
• Discovery of a Low-Luminosity, Tight Substellar Binary at the T/Y Transition
• Y dwarf Trigonometric Parallaxes from the Spitzer Space Telescope
• Measuring the D/H Ratios of Exoplanets and Brown Dwarfs
• A 3 Gyr White Dwarf with Warm Dust Discovered via the Backyard Worlds: Planet 9 Citizen Science Project
• Photometric Monitoring of the Coldest Known Brown Dwarf with the Spitzer Space Telescope
• Discovery of a new Y dwarf: WISE J030449.03-270508.3
• New Y and T dwarfs from WISE identified by Methane Imaging
• WISE2150-7520AB: A very low mass, wide co-moving brown dwarf system discovered through the citizen science project Backyard Worlds: Planet 9
• CWISEP J193518.59$-$154620.3: An Extremely Cold Brown Dwarf in the Solar Neighborhood Discovered with CatWISE
• A New Parallax Measurement for the Coldest Known Brown Dwarf
• Possible astrometric discovery of a substellar companion to the closest binary brown dwarf system WISE J104915.57-531906.1
• Resolved Spectroscopy of a Brown Dwarf Binary at the T Dwarf/Y Dwarf Transition
• The Collapse of the Wien Tail in the Coldest Brown Dwarf? Hubble Space Telescope Near-Infrared Photometry of WISE J085510.83-071442.5
• Improved infrared photometry and a preliminary parallax measurement for the extremely cold brown dwarf CWISEP J144606.62$-$231717.8

Cited by in corpus (15)

• The Field Substellar Mass Function Based on the Full-sky 20-pc Census of 525 L, T, and Y Dwarfs
• Spitzer Follow-up of Extremely Cold Brown Dwarfs Discovered by the Backyard Worlds: Planet 9 Citizen Science Project
• Self-consistent Models of Y Dwarf Atmospheres with Water Clouds and Disequilibrium Chemistry
• New Candidate Extreme T Subdwarfs from the Backyard Worlds: Planet 9 Citizen Science Project
• Exploring the Extremes: Characterizing a New Population of Old and Cold Brown Dwarfs
• On the Detection of Exomoons Transiting Isolated Planetary-Mass Objects
• The Enigmatic Brown Dwarf WISEA J153429.75-104303.3 (aka "The Accident")
• An Improved Near-Infrared Spectrum of the Archetype Y Dwarf WISEP J182831.08+265037.8
• A Wide Planetary Mass Companion Discovered Through the Citizen Science Project Backyard Worlds: Planet 9
• New Candidates for Planetary-mass Brown Dwarfs in IC 348
• CWISE J014611.20-050850.0AB: The Widest Known Brown Dwarf Binary in the Field
• Dynamical Instability of Multi-planet Systems and Free-floating Planets
• Using Source Proper Motion to Validate Terrestrial Parallax: OGLE-2019-BLG-1058
• 14 Her: a likely case of planet-planet scattering
• Ross 19B: An Extremely Cold Companion Discovered via the Backyard Worlds: Planet 9 Citizen Science Project