14 Her: a likely case of planet-planet scattering

Abstract

In this Letter, we measure the full orbital architecture of the two-planet system around the nearby K0 dwarf 14 Herculis. 14 Her (HD 145675, HIP 79248) is a middle-aged ($4.6_{-1.3}^{+3.8}$ Gyr) K0 star with two eccentric giant planets identified in the literature from radial velocity (RV) variability and long-term trends. Using archival RV data from Keck/HIRES in concert with \textit{Gaia-Hipparcos} acceleration in the proper motion vector for the star, we have disentangled the mass and inclination of the b planet to ${9.1}_{-1.1}^{+1.0}$ $M_{\mathrm{Jup}}$ and ${32.7}_{-3.2}^{+5.3}$ degrees. Despite only partial phase coverage for the c planet's orbit, we are able to constrain its mass and orbital parameters as well to ${6.9}_{-1.0}^{+1.7}$ $M_{\mathrm{Jup}}$ and ${101}_{-33}^{+31}$ degrees. We find that coplanarity of the b and c orbits is strongly disfavored. Combined with the age of the system and the comparable masses of its planets, this suggests that planet-planet scattering may be responsible for the current configuration of the system.

References in corpus (64)

• Astropy: A Community Python Package for Astronomy
• emcee: The MCMC Hammer
• PARSEC: stellar tracks and isochrones with the PAdova and TRieste Stellar Evolution Code
• Evolutionary models for cool brown dwarfs and extrasolar giant planets. The case of HD 20945
• Gaia Early Data Release 3: The astrometric solution
• Dynamical Outcomes of Planet-Planet Scattering
• Catalog of Nearby Exoplanets
• An absolutely calibrated effective temperature scale from the InfraRed Flux Method
• The Evolution of L and T Dwarfs in Color-Magnitude Diagrams
• Dynamical Origin of Extrasolar Planet Eccentricity Distribution
• Origins of Eccentric Extrasolar Planets: Testing the Planet-Planet Scattering Model
• The LCES HIRES/Keck Precision Radial Velocity Exoplanet Survey
• Neglected Clouds in T and Y Dwarf Atmospheres
• The Discovery of Y Dwarfs Using Data from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE)
• Ten New and Updated Multi-planet Systems, and a Survey of Exoplanetary Systems
• Stellar Companions to Stars with Planets
• The Hipparcos-Gaia Catalog of Accelerations: Gaia EDR3 Edition
• On planet formation in HL Tau
• The PASTEL catalogue of stellar parameters
• Close encounters of the stellar kind
• The Hipparcos-Gaia Catalog of Accelerations
• The effects of fly-bys on planetary systems
• Giant planets orbiting metal-rich stars show signatures of planet-planet interactions
• Toward a Deterministic Model of Planetary Formation VII: Eccentricity Distribution of Gas Giants
• Discovery of a ~250 K Brown Dwarf at 2 pc from the Sun
• Planet-planet scattering in planetesimal disks II: Predictions for outer extrasolar planetary systems
• Abundances in the Local Region II: F, G and K Dwarfs and Subgiants
• Formation, Survival, and Detectability of Planets Beyond 100 AU
• Analytic models for albedos, phase curves and polarization of reflected light from exoplanets
• The ELODIE survey for northern extra-solar planets III. Three planetary candidates detected with ELODIE
• orvara: An Efficient Code to Fit Orbits using Radial Velocity, Absolute, and/or Relative Astrometry
• Correcting HIRES radial velocities for small systematic errors
• Abundance Analysis of Planetary Host Stars I. Differential Iron Abundances
• The Moving Group Targets of the SEEDS High-Contrast Imaging Survey of Exoplanets and Disks: Results and Observations from the First Three Years
• Long-Period Objects in the Extrasolar Planetary Systems 47 UMa and 14 Her
• An Adaptive Optics Search for Companions to Stars with Planets
• The Exoplanet Orbital Eccentricity - Multiplicity Relation and the Solar System
• Understanding the Impacts of Stellar Companions on Planet Formation and Evolution: A Survey of Stellar and Planetary Companions within 25 pc
• Long period planets from dynamical relaxation
• Planet-planet scattering as the source of the highest eccentricity exoplanets
• The ELODIE survey for northern extra--solar planets I. 6 new extra--solar planet candidates
• Precise Dynamical Masses and Orbital Fits for $\beta$ Pic b and $\beta$ Pic c
• Hiding Planets Behind a Big Friend: Mutual Inclinations of Multi-Planet Systems with External Companions
• An L Band Spectrum of the Coldest Brown Dwarf
• The First Spectrum of the Coldest Brown Dwarf
• Kepler-108: A Mutually Inclined Giant Planet System
• Orbital configurations and dynamical stability of multi-planet systems around Sun-like stars HD 202206, 14 Her, HD 37124 and HD 108874
• The ELODIE survey for northern extra-solar planets II. A Jovian planet on a long-period orbit around GJ 777 A
• Indications of Water Clouds in the Coldest Known Brown Dwarf
• A significant mutual inclination between the planets within the $\pi$ Mensae system
• IGRINS Spectral Library
• Direct Imaging Constraints on the Putative Exoplanet 14 Her c
• WISEA J083011.95+283716.0: A Missing Link Planetary-Mass Object
• Stellar Properties of Active G and K Stars: Exploring the Connection Between Starspots and Chromospheric Activity
• Estimating the masses of extra-solar planets
• CWISEP J193518.59$-$154620.3: An Extremely Cold Brown Dwarf in the Solar Neighborhood Discovered with CatWISE
• Giant planet effects on terrestrial planet formation and system architecture
• Formation of '3D' multiplanet systems by dynamical disruption of multiple-resonance configurations
• A Distance-Limited Imaging Survey of Sub-Stellar Companions to Solar Neighborhood Stars
• Speckle Imaging Characterization of Radial Velocity Exoplanet Systems
• H${}_{\alpha }$-activity and ages for stars in the SARG survey
• TESS Asteroseismology of $\alpha$ Mensae: Benchmark Ages for a G7 Dwarf and its M-dwarf Companion
• The Sonora Brown Dwarf Atmosphere and Evolution Models I. Model Description and Application to Cloudless Atmospheres in Rainout Chemical Equilibrium
• The California Legacy Survey I. A Catalog of 178 Planets from Precision Radial Velocity Monitoring of 719 Nearby Stars over Three Decades