Detection of an Earth-sized exoplanet orbiting the nearby ultracool dwarf star SPECULOOS-3

Abstract

Located at the bottom of the main sequence, ultracool dwarf stars are widespread in the solar neighbourhood. Nevertheless, their extremely low luminosity has left their planetary population largely unexplored, and only one of them, TRAPPIST-1, has so far been found to host a transiting planetary system. In this context, we present the SPECULOOS project's detection of an Earth-sized planet in a 17 h orbit around an ultracool dwarf of M6.5 spectral type located 16.8 pc away. The planet's high irradiation (16 times that of Earth) combined with the infrared luminosity and Jupiter-like size of its host star make it one of the most promising rocky exoplanet targets for detailed emission spectroscopy characterization with JWST. Indeed, our sensitivity study shows that just ten secondary eclipse observations with the Mid-InfraRed Instrument/Low-Resolution Spectrometer on board JWST should provide strong constraints on its atmospheric composition and/or surface mineralogy.

References in corpus (81)

• Gaia Data Release 2. Summary of the contents and survey properties
• Analytic Lightcurves for Planetary Transit Searches
• A new extensive library of PHOENIX stellar atmospheres and synthetic spectra
• Seven temperate terrestrial planets around the nearby ultracool dwarf star TRAPPIST-1
• New evolutionary models for pre-main sequence and main sequence low-mass stars down to the hydrogen-burning limit
• The California-Kepler Survey. III. A Gap in the Radius Distribution of Small Planets
• The NASA Exoplanet Archive: Data and Tools for Exoplanet Research
• Kepler planets: a tale of evaporation
• The evaporation valley in the Kepler planets
• The Infrared Telescope Facility (IRTF) Spectral Library: Cool Stars
• AstroImageJ: Image Processing and Photometric Extraction for Ultra-Precise Astronomical Light Curves
• AstroImageJ: Image Processing and Photometric Extraction for Ultra-Precise Astronomical Light Curves (Expanded Edition)
• Temperate Earth-sized planets transiting a nearby ultracool dwarf star
• An Infrared Spectroscopic Sequence of M, L and T Dwarfs
• The GALAH+ Survey: Third Data Release
• A Framework for Prioritizing the TESS Planetary Candidates Most Amenable to Atmospheric Characterization
• APOGEE Data and Spectral Analysis from SDSS Data Release 16: Seven Years of Observations Including First Results from APOGEE-South
• Spectrum radial velocity analyser (SERVAL). High-precision radial velocities and two alternative spectral indicators
• Accurate, Empirical Radii and Masses of Planets and their Host Stars with Gaia Parallaxes
• A Catalog of Northern Stars With Annual Proper Motions Larger Than 0.15 Seconds of Arc (LSPM catalog - North)
• How Thermal Evolution and Mass Loss Sculpt Populations of Super-Earths and Sub-Neptunes: Application to the Kepler-11 System and Beyond
• The Transit Light Source Effect: False Spectral Features and Incorrect Densities for M-dwarf Transiting Planets
• Breaking the Chains: Hot Super-Earth systems from migration and disruption of compact resonant chains
• Fundamental Parameters and Spectral Energy Distributions of Young and Field Age Objects with Masses Spanning the Stellar to Planetary Regime
• How to Constrain Your M dwarf II: the mass-luminosity-metallicity relation from 0.075 to 0.70$M_{\odot }$
• M-Subdwarfs: Spectroscopic Classification and the Metallicity Scale
• PandExo: A Community Tool for Transiting Exoplanet Science with JWST & HST
• Discoveries from a Near-infrared Proper Motion Survey using Multi-epoch 2MASS Data
• Density, not radius, separates rocky and water-rich small planets orbiting M dwarf stars
• Parallax Systematics and Photocenter Motions of Benchmark Eclipsing Binaries in Gaia EDR3
• A Spectroscopic Catalog of the Brightest (J<9) M Dwarfs in the Northern Sky
• Transit Least Squares: Optimized transit detection algorithm to search for periodic transits of small planets
• Thermal emission from the Earth-sized exoplanet TRAPPIST-1 b using JWST
• 3D climate modeling of close-in land planets: Circulation patterns, climate moist bistability and habitability
• The cosmic shoreline: the evidence that escape determines which planets have atmospheres, and what this may mean for Proxima Centauri b
• No thick carbon dioxide atmosphere on the rocky exoplanet TRAPPIST-1 c
• Eclipsing Binary Stars as Benchmarks for Trigonometric Parallaxes in the Gaia Era
• The TRAPPIST survey of southern transiting planets. I. Thirty eclipses of the ultra-short period planet WASP-43 b
• Prospecting in late-type dwarfs: a calibration of infrared and visible spectroscopic metallicities of late-K and M dwarfs spanning 1.5 dex
• The UV and X-ray activity of the M dwarfs within 10pc of the Sun
• Spectroscopy of New High Proper Motion Stars in the Northern Sky. I. New Nearby Stars, New High Velocity Stars, and an Enhanced Classification Scheme for M Dwarfs
• Empirical, Accurate Masses and Radii of Single Stars with TESS and Gaia
• Atmospheric Reconnaissance of TRAPPIST-1 b with JWST/NIRISS: Evidence for Strong Stellar Contamination in the Transmission Spectra
• The Solar Neighborhood XXXII. The Hydrogen Burning Limit
• The Transit Light Source Effect II: The Impact of Stellar Heterogeneity on Transmission Spectra of Planets Orbiting Broadly Sun-like Stars
• TRAPPIST: a robotic telescope dedicated to the study of planetary systems
• Local Stellar Kinematics from RAVE Data: I. Local Standard of Rest
• Theoretical Spectra of Terrestrial Exoplanet Surfaces
• The California-Kepler Survey. X. The Radius Gap as a Function of Stellar Mass, Metallicity, and Age
• On The Origins Of Eccentric Close-in Planets
• Habitability of Terrestrial-Mass Planets in the HZ of M Dwarfs. I. H/He-Dominated Atmospheres
• An empirical template library of stellar spectra for a wide range of spectral classes, luminosity classes, and metallicities using SDSS BOSS spectra
• SPECULOOS -- Ultracool Dwarf Transit Survey: Target List and Strategy
• A super-Earth and a sub-Neptune orbiting the bright, quiet M3 dwarf TOI-1266
• Double Trouble: Two Transits of the Super-Earth GJ 1132 b Observed with JWST NIRSpec G395H
• HiPERCAM: a quintuple-beam, high-speed optical imager on the 10.4-m Gran Telescopio Canarias
• Prospecting in Ultracool Dwarfs: Measuring the Metallicities of Mid- and Late-M Dwarfs
• Trigonometric Parallaxes for 1,507 Nearby Mid-to-Late M-dwarfs
• Identifying Atmospheres on Rocky Exoplanets Through Inferred High Albedo
• Possible climates on terrestrial exoplanets
• Temperatures and Metallicities of M dwarfs in the APOGEE Survey
• Two temperate super-Earths transiting a nearby late-type M dwarf
• prose: A Python framework for modular astronomical images processing
• Speckle Imaging Excludes Low-Mass Companions Orbiting the Exoplanet Host Star TRAPPIST-1
• Architectures of Compact Super-Earth Systems Shaped by Instabilities
• Search for a habitable terrestrial planet transiting the nearby red dwarf GJ 1214
• Discovery of three new transiting hot Jupiters: WASP-161 b, WASP-163 b and WASP-170 b
• GJ 273: On the formation, dynamical evolution and habitability of a planetary system hosted by an M dwarf at 3.75 parsec
• On-sky commissioning of MAROON-X: A new precision radial velocity spectrograph for Gemini North
• Spectroscopic time series performance of the Mid-Infrared Instrument on the JWST
• The Detectability of Rocky Planet Surface and Atmosphere Composition with JWST: The Case of LHS 3844b
• Water Condensation Zones around Main Sequence Stars
• SPECULOOS Northern Observatory: searching for red worlds in the northern skies
• Evolutionary models for ultracool dwarfs
• The SpeX Prism Library Analysis Toolkit (SPLAT): A Data Curation Model
• Possible Atmospheric Diversity of Low Mass Exoplanets, some Central Aspects
• The Spitzer search for the transits of HARPS low-mass planets - I. No transit for the super-Earth HD 40307b
• SPECULOOS exoplanet search and its prototype on TRAPPIST
• SPECULOOS: a network of robotic telescopes to hunt for terrestrial planets around the nearest ultracool dwarfs
• The Rotation of M Dwarfs Observed by the Apache Point Galactic Evolution Experiment
• New ultracool dwarf neighbours within 20pc from Gaia DR2

Cited by in corpus (5)

• Hot Rocks Survey II: The thermal emission of TOI-1468 b reveals a hot bare rock
• Two warm Earth-sized exoplanets and an Earth-sized candidate in the M5V-M6V binary system TOI-2267
• TESS and HARPS-N unveil two planets transiting TOI-1453. A super-Earth and one of the lowest mass sub-Neptunes
• SPECULOOS: five years hunting terrestrial planets around ultra-cool dwarfs
• A transiting rocky super-Earth and a non-transiting sub-Neptune orbiting the M dwarf TOI-771