APOGEE Data and Spectral Analysis from SDSS Data Release 16: Seven Years of Observations Including First Results from APOGEE-South

Abstract

The spectral analysis and data products in Data Release 16 (DR16; December 2019) from the high-resolution near-infrared APOGEE-2/SDSS-IV survey are described. Compared to the previous APOGEE data release (DR14; July 2017), APOGEE DR16 includes about 200000 new stellar spectra, of which 100000 are from a new southern APOGEE instrument mounted on the 2.5 m du Pont telescope at Las Campanas Observatory in Chile. DR16 includes all data taken up to August 2018, including data released in previous data releases. All of the data have been re-reduced and re-analyzed using the latest pipelines, resulting in a total of 473307 spectra of 437445 stars. Changes to the analysis methods for this release include, but are not limited to, the use of MARCS model atmospheres for calculation of the entire main grid of synthetic spectra used in the analysis, a new method for filling "holes" in the grids due to unconverged model atmospheres, and a new scheme for continuum normalization. Abundances of the neutron capture element Ce are included for the first time. A new scheme for estimating uncertainties of the derived quantities using stars with multiple observations has been applied, and calibrated values of surface gravities for dwarf stars are now supplied. Compared to DR14, the radial velocities derived for this release more closely match those in the Gaia DR2 data base, and a clear improvement in the spectral analysis of the coolest giants can be seen. The reduced spectra as well as the result of the analysis can be downloaded using links provided in the SDSS DR16 web page.

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• Fluorine Abundances in Local Stellar Populations
• The metal-poor tail of the APOGEE survey I. Uncovering [Fe/H] < -2.5 stars from the inner Galaxy to the Magellanic Clouds
• A scaling relationship for non-thermal radio emission from ordered magnetospheres - II. Investigating the efficiency of relativistic electron production in magnetospheres of BA-type stars
• Search for giant planets in M67 V: a warm Jupiter orbiting the turn-off star S1429
• Exploring the History of Stellar Mergers with Chemistry: Examining the Origins of Massive $\alpha$-Enriched Stars using Carbon Isotope Ratios
• The odd bunch: chrono-chemo-dynamics of sixteen unusual stars from Kepler
• Caveats about measuring carbon abundances in stars using the CH band
• Discovery of lambda Boo stars in open clusters
• Double-lined spectroscopic binaries in the APOGEE DR16 and DR17 data
• Keck Observations in the INfrared of Taurus and $\rho$ Oph Exoplanets And Ultracool dwarfs (KOINTREAU) II: Two Young Bound Companions to Ophiuchus Stars
• Asteroseismology of 35 Kepler and TESS $\delta$ Scuti stars near the red edge of the instability strip. The limitations of $\delta$ Scuti stars for dating open clusters
• Sulfur abundances in the Galactic bulge and disk
• Looking for Signs of Unresolved Binarity in the Continuum of LAMOST Stellar Spectra
• SDSS-IV MaStar: Determination of Stellar Parameters Using Bayesian Averaging
• Silicon and Strontium abundances of very metal-poor stars determined from near-infrared spectra
• AstroSat-UVIT observations of a possibly interacting pair of galaxies in HCG 77
• Chemical compositions of semi-regular variable red giants
• Estimating stellar atmospheric parameters and elemental abundances using fully connected residual network
• TYC~2990-127-1: an Algol-type SB2 binary system of subgiant and red giant with a probable ongoing mass-transfer
• Refined M-type Star Catalog from LAMOST DR10: Measurements of Radial Velocities, $T_{\text{eff}}$, log $g$, [M/H] and [$\alpha$/M]
• Transit Hunt for Young and Maturing Exoplanets (THYME) VIII: a Pleiades-age association harboring two transiting planetary systems from Kepler
• Bayesian classification of astronomical spectra with class uncertainties
• J-PLUS: Systematic impact of metallicity on photometric calibration with the stellar locus
• Stellar multiplicity and stellar rotation: Insights from APOGEE
• 3D elemental abundances of stars at formation across the histories of Milky Way-mass galaxies in the FIRE simulations
• Two sequences in the age-metallicity relation as seen from [C/N] abundances in APOGEE
• An ancient system hidden in the Galactic plane?
• The bimodal distribution of donor stars in X-ray binaries