The Close Binary Fraction as a Function of Stellar Parameters in APOGEE: A Strong Anti-Correlation With $\alpha$ Abundances

Abstract

We use observations from the APOGEE survey to explore the relationship between stellar parameters and multiplicity. We combine high-resolution repeat spectroscopy for 41,363 dwarf and subgiant stars with abundance measurements from the APOGEE pipeline and distances and stellar parameters derived using \textit{Gaia} DR2 parallaxes from \cite{Sanders2018} to identify and characterise stellar multiples with periods below 30 years, corresponding to \drvm$\gtrsim$ 3 \kms, where \drvm\ is the maximum APOGEE-detected shift in the radial velocities. Chemical composition is responsible for most of the variation in the close binary fraction in our sample, with stellar parameters like mass and age playing a secondary role. In addition to the previously identified strong anti-correlation between the close binary fraction and \feh\, we find that high abundances of $\alpha$ elements also suppress multiplicity at most values of \feh\ sampled by APOGEE. The anti-correlation between $\alpha$ abundances and multiplicity is substantially steeper than that observed for Fe, suggesting C, O, and Si in the form of dust and ices dominate the opacity of primordial protostellar disks and their propensity for fragmentation via gravitational stability. Near \feh{} = 0 dex, the bias-corrected close binary fraction ($a<10$ au) decreases from $\approx$ 100 per cent at \alh{} = $-$0.2 dex to $\approx$ 15 per cent near \alh{} = 0.08 dex, with a suggestive turn-up to $\approx$20 per cent near \alh{} = 0.2. We conclude that the relationship between stellar multiplicity and chemical composition for sun-like dwarf stars in the field of the Milky Way is complex, and that this complexity should be accounted for in future studies of interacting binaries.

15 pages, 10 figures, plus appendices; accepted to MNRAS

References in corpus (76)

• Astropy: A Community Python Package for Astronomy
• Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics (MESA)
• Binary companions of evolved stars in APOGEE DR14: Search method and catalog of ~5,000 companions
• Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics (MESA): Giant Planets, Oscillations, Rotation, and Massive Stars
• Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics (MESA): Binaries, Pulsations, and Explosions
• MESA Isochrones and Stellar Tracks (MIST). I: Solar-Scaled Models
• The 2.5 m Telescope of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
• A new extensive library of PHOENIX stellar atmospheres and synthetic spectra
• MESA Isochrones and Stellar Tracks (MIST) 0: Methods for the construction of stellar isochrones
• A Survey of Stellar Families: Multiplicity of Solar-Type Stars
• The Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE)
• Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV: Mapping the Milky Way, Nearby Galaxies, and the Distant Universe
• Stellar Multiplicity
• Mind your Ps and Qs: the Interrelation between Period (P) and Mass-ratio (Q) Distributions of Binary Stars
• ASPCAP: The Apogee Stellar Parameter and Chemical Abundances Pipeline
• The Fourteenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: First Spectroscopic Data from the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey and from the second phase of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment
• Chemical Cartography with APOGEE: Metallicity Distribution Functions and the Chemical Structure of the Milky Way Disk
• Rosseland and Planck Mean Opacities for Protoplanetary Discs
• Gravitational Instabilities in Circumstellar Disks
• The Thirteenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: First Spectroscopic Data from the SDSS-IV Survey MApping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory
• APOGEE Data and Spectral Analysis from SDSS Data Release 16: Seven Years of Observations Including First Results from APOGEE-South
• The Data Reduction Pipeline for the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment
• Can giant planets form by direct gravitational instability?
• Abundances, Stellar Parameters, and Spectra From the SDSS-III/APOGEE Survey
• Target Selection for the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE)
• On the Role of Disks in the Formation of Stellar Systems: A Numerical Parameter Study of Rapid Accretion
• Stellar Multiplicity and the IMF: Most Stars Are Single
• The Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE) Spectrographs
• The Runts of the Litter: Why planets formed through gravitational instability can only be failed binary stars
• The Second APOKASC Catalog: The Empirical Approach
• Target Selection for the SDSS-IV APOGEE-2 Survey
• APOGEE Data Releases 13 and 14: Data and Analysis
• The stellar and sub-stellar IMF of simple and composite populations
• The Close Binary Fraction of Solar-type Stars is Strongly Anti-correlated with Metallicity
• The Payne: self-consistent ab initio fitting of stellar spectra
• Pseudo-viscous modeling of self-gravitating discs and the formation of low mass ratio binaries
• Dynamical heating across the Milky Way disc using APOGEE and $Gaia$
• Spectroscopic determination of masses (and implied ages) for red giants
• The Solar Neighborhood XLV. The Stellar Multiplicity Rate of M Dwarfs Within 25 pc
• Fragmentation of Massive Protostellar Disks
• The age-metallicity structure of the Milky Way disk
• The impact of companions on stellar evolution
• APOGEE Data Releases 13 and 14: Stellar Parameter and Abundance Comparisons With Independent Analyses
• Isochrone ages for ~3 million stars with the second Gaia data release
• Dynamical Formation of Close Binaries During the Pre-main-sequence Phase
• Formation of close binaries by disc fragmentation and migration, and its statistical modeling
• The chemical homogeneity of open clusters
• Chemical Cartography with APOGEE: Multi-element abundance ratios
• Stellar Multiplicity Meets Stellar Evolution And Metallicity: The APOGEE View
• The Merger Rate of Binary White Dwarfs in the Galactic Disk
• Close Binary Companions to APOGEE DR16 Stars: 20,000 Binary-star Systems Across the Color-Magnitude Diagram
• Close companions around young stars
• The effect of radial migration on galactic disks
• Discovery and Characterization of 3000+ Main-Sequence Binaries from APOGEE Spectra
• The statistical properties of stars and their dependence on metallicity
• The statistical properties of stars and their dependence on metallicity: the effects of opacity
• Finding binaries from phase modulation of pulsating stars with Kepler: V. Orbital parameters, with eccentricity and mass-ratio distributions of 341 new binaries
• Signatures of unresolved binaries in stellar spectra: implications for spectral fitting
• A Turbulent Interstellar Medium Origin of the Binary Period Distribution
• Precise radial velocities of giant stars. IV. A correlation between surface gravity and radial velocity variation and a statistical investigation of companion properties
• The wide binary fraction of solar-type stars: emergence of metallicity dependence at a < 200 AU
• The Formation and Evolution of Wide-Orbit Stellar Multiples In Magnetized Clouds
• Binary frequency of very young brown dwarfs at separations smaller than 3 AU
• The binarity of Milky Way F,G,K stars as a function of effective temperature and metallicity
• The ASAS-SN Catalog of Variable Stars IX: The Spectroscopic Properties of Galactic Variable Stars
• Gravitational instability in protostellar disks at low metallicities
• Stellar loci II. a model-free estimate of the binary fraction for field FGK stars
• Formation of wide binary stars from adjacent cores
• Characterizing the Galactic White Dwarf Binary Population with Sparsely Sampled Radial Velocity Data
• Transition of the Stellar Initial Mass Function Explored with Binary Population Synthesis
• Binary Formation with Different Metallicities: Dependence on Initial Conditions
• The ASAS-SN Catalog of Variable Stars IV: Periodic Variables in the APOGEE Survey
• The binarity of Galactic dwarf stars along with effective temperature and metallicity
• The Metallicity of Stars with Close Companions
• Smoking Gun of the Dynamical Processing of the Solar-type Field Binary Stars
• Binary Fraction Indicators in Resolved Stellar Populations and Supernova Type Ratios

Cited by in corpus (36)

• The Eighteenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys: Targeting and First Spectra from SDSS-V
• New Insights into the Evolution of Massive Stars and Their Effects on Our Understanding of Early Galaxies
• Final Targeting Strategy for the SDSS-IV APOGEE-2S Survey
• The Spectroscopic Binaries from LAMOST Medium-Resolution Survey (MRS). I. Searching for Double-lined Spectroscopic Binaries (SB2s) with Convolutional Neural Network
• 15000 Ellipsoidal Binary Candidates in TESS: Orbital Periods, Binary Fraction, and Tertiary Companions
• The multiplicity fraction in 202 open clusters from Gaia
• RR Lyrae From Binary Evolution: Abundant, Young and Metal-Rich
• The non-monotonic, strong metallicity dependence of the wide-binary fraction
• Cannibals in the thick disk II -- Radial-velocity monitoring of the young alpha-rich stars
• Chemical Evolution with Radial Mixing Redux: Extending beyond the Solar Neighborhood
• Exploring metallicity-dependent rates of Type Ia supernovae and their impact on galaxy formation
• A high fraction of close massive binary stars at low metallicity
• Applying the metallicity-dependent binary fraction to double white dwarf formation: Implications for LISA
• Binary fractions of G and K dwarf stars based on the Gaia EDR3 and LAMOST DR5: impacts of the chemical abundances
• Enhancement of Double-Close-Binary Quadruples
• Radio Loud vs. Radio Quiet Gamma-ray Bursts: the Role of Binary Progenitors
• White dwarf binaries Across the H-R Diagram
• Stellar kinematics of dwarf galaxies from multi-epoch spectroscopy: application to Triangulum II
• Binarity at LOw Metallicity (BLOeM): Enhanced multiplicity of early B-type dwarfs and giants at $Z=0.2{\mathrm{Z}}_{\odot }$
• Wide binaries from the H3 survey: the thick disk and halo have similar wide binary fractions
• The JCMT Transient Survey: Single Epoch Transients and Variability of Faint Sources
• Photometric Determination of Main-Sequence Binaries with Gaia
• Symbiotic Stars in the APOGEE Survey: The Case of LIN 358 and SMC N73 (LIN 445a)
• LAMOST medium-resolution spectroscopic survey of binarity and exotic star (LAMOST-MRS-B): Observation strategy and target selection
• Rotationally Driven Ultraviolet Emission of Red Giant Stars II. Metallicity, Activity, Binarity and Sub-subgiants
• Analysis of Previously Classified White Dwarf-Main Sequence Binaries Using Data from the APOGEE Survey
• Multiplicity Statistics of Stars in the Sagittarius Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy: Comparison to the Milky Way
• Calibration of Binary Population Synthesis Models Using White Dwarf Binaries from APOGEE, GALEX and Gaia
• Stellar masses and mass ratios for Gaia open cluster members
• Testing Evolutionary Models with Red Supergiant and Wolf-Rayet Populations
• Double-lined spectroscopic binaries in the APOGEE DR16 and DR17 data
• The Progenitor Systems of Classical Novae in M31
• Stellar multiplicity and stellar rotation: Insights from APOGEE
• The eccentricity distribution of wide binaries and their individual measurements
• The Two-infall Model Revisited: Constraints on Milky Way Bulge Assembly from >30,000 Galactic Chemical Evolution Models and Machine Learning
• A method for statistical research on binary stars using radial velocities