Enhancement of Double-Close-Binary Quadruples

Abstract

Double-close-binary quadruples (2+2 systems) are hierarchical systems of four stars where two short-period binary systems move around their common center of mass on a wider orbit. Using Gaia Early Data Release 3, we search for comoving pairs where both components are eclipsing binaries. We present eight 2+2 quadruple systems with inner orbital periods of $<$ 0.4 days and with outer separations of $\gtrsim 1000$ AU. All but one system are newly discovered by this work, and we catalog their orbital information measured from their light curves. We find that the occurrence rate of 2+2 quadruples is 7.3 $\pm$ 2.6 times higher than what is expected from random pairings of field stars. At most a factor of $\sim$2 enhancement may be explained by the age and metallicity dependence of the eclipsing binary fraction in the field stellar population. The remaining factor of $\sim$3 represents a genuine enhancement of the production of short-period binaries in wide-separation ($>10^3$ AU) pairs, suggesting a close binary formation channel that may be enhanced by the presence of wide companions.

arXiv comment19 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication by MNRAS

References in corpus (64)

• Astropy: A Community Python Package for Astronomy
• Gaia Data Release 2. Summary of the contents and survey properties
• The Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE): Mission Description and Initial On-orbit Performance
• The Astropy Project: Building an inclusive, open-science project and status of the v2.0 core package
• The Gaia mission
• The Zwicky Transient Facility: System Overview, Performance, and First Results
• The Man Behind the Curtain: X-rays Drive the UV through NIR Variability in the 2013 AGN Outburst in NGC 2617
• A Survey of Stellar Families: Multiplicity of Solar-Type Stars
• Estimating distances from parallaxes IV: Distances to 1.33 billion stars in Gaia Data Release 2
• Shrinking binary and planetary orbits by Kozai cycles with tidal friction
• The All-Sky Automated Survey for Supernovae (ASAS-SN) Light Curve Server v1.0
• The Stellar IMF from Turbulent Fragmentation
• The Eccentric Kozai-Lidov Effect and Its Applications
• Gaia Early Data Release 3: Photometric content and validation
• Initial Performance of the NEOWISE Reactivation Mission
• LAMOST Experiment for Galactic Understanding and Exploration (LEGUE) The survey science plan
• The Catalina Surveys Periodic Variable Star Catalog
• A million binaries from Gaia eDR3: sample selection and validation of Gaia parallax uncertainties
• Evolution in Binary and Triple Stars, with an application to SS Lac
• Unresolved stellar companions with Gaia DR2 astrometry
• From binaries to multiples II: hierarchical multiplicity of F and G dwarfs
• The Dynamical Properties of Stellar Systems in the Galactic Disc
• The Formation of Low-Mass Binary Star Systems Via Turbulent Fragmentation
• The Close Binary Fraction of Solar-type Stars is Strongly Anti-correlated with Metallicity
• Mergers and Obliquities in Stellar Triples
• A Comprehensive Study of the Kepler Triples via Eclipse Timing
• Formation of the Widest Binaries from Dynamical Unfolding of Triple Systems
• The formation of very wide binaries during the star cluster dissolution phase
• Fragmentation of Massive Protostellar Disks
• The Origin of OB Runaway Stars
• Eclipsing binaries in ASAS catalog
• New Distant Companions to Known Nearby Stars. II. Faint companions of Hipparcos stars and the frequency of wide binary systems
• Dynamical Formation of Close Binaries During the Pre-main-sequence Phase
• The Gaia FGK Benchmark Stars - High resolution spectral library
• Stellar Multiplicity Meets Stellar Evolution And Metallicity: The APOGEE View
• Black hole mergers from quadruples
• Gaia Data Release 2: Variable stars in the colour-absolute magnitude diagram
• Impact of Binary Stars on Planet Statistics -- I. Planet Occurrence Rates, Trends with Stellar Mass, and Wide Companions to Hot Jupiter Hosts
• The first INTEGRAL-OMC catalogue of optically variable sources
• Hot Jupiters are Destroyed by Tides While Their Host Stars are on the Main Sequence
• Radial Velocity Studies of Close Binary Stars.IV
• Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) Catalog of Periodic Variable Stars
• Identical or fraternal twins? : The chemical homogeneity of wide binaries from Gaia DR2
• Kinematics of W UMa-type binaries and evidences on the two types of formation
• Greatly Enhanced Eccentricity Oscillations in Quadruple Systems Composed of Two Binaries: Implications for Stars, Planets, and Transients
• The formation of permanent soft binaries in dispersing clusters
• A Turbulent Interstellar Medium Origin of the Binary Period Distribution
• The wide binary fraction of solar-type stars: emergence of metallicity dependence at a < 200 AU
• Varstrometry for Off-nucleus and Dual sub-Kpc AGN (VODKA): Methodology and Initial Results with Gaia DR2
• Origin of W UMa-type contact binaries - age and orbital evolution
• Gravitational instability in protostellar disks at low metallicities
• The Close Binary Fraction as a Function of Stellar Parameters in APOGEE: A Strong Anti-Correlation With $\alpha$ Abundances
• Formation of wide binary stars from adjacent cores
• A Gaia DR2 Mock Stellar Catalog
• Using APOGEE Wide Binaries to Test Chemical Tagging with Dwarf Stars
• Lifetime of short-period binaries measured from their Galactic kinematics
• Wide Binaries in Tycho-Gaia II: Metallicities, Abundances, and Prospects for Chemical Tagging
• Stars that Move Together Were Born Together
• The non-monotonic, strong metallicity dependence of the wide-binary fraction
• Doubly eclipsing systems
• Variability, periodicity and contact binaries in WISE
• Very wide companion fraction from Gaia DR2: a weak or no enhancement for hot jupiter hosts, and a strong enhancement for contact binaries
• Shrinking orbits in hierarchical quadruple star systems
• Resonant capture in quadruple stellar systems

Cited by in corpus (8)

• Wide twin binaries are extremely eccentric: evidence of twin binary formation in circumbinary disks
• 10,000 Resolved Triples from Gaia: Empirical Constraints on Triple Star Populations
• The mystery in Gaia DR3 triples: occurrence rates, orientations, and eccentricities of wide tertiaries around close binaries
• Exploring Thousands of Nearby Hierarchical Systems with Gaia and Speckle Interferometry
• Dynamical masses across the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram
• The complex dynamical past and future of double eclipsing binary CzeV343: misaligned orbits and period resonance
• Six new doubly eclipsing quadruples in a 2+2 architecture
• A Quadruple Excess in Wide Binary Systems: Evidence for Correlated Binary Formation