Formation of close binaries by disc fragmentation and migration, and its statistical modeling

Abstract

Joint statistics of periods and mass ratios of close binaries and its dependence on primary mass can be explained by assuming that seed binary companions are formed by disc fragmentation at random intervals during assemblage of stellar mass and migrate inwards as they accrete from the circumbinary disk. A toy model based on simple prescriptions for the companion growth and migration reproduces such aspects of close solar-mass binaries as the distribution of binary periods P, the brown dwarf desert at short P, the nearly uniform distribution of mass ratios, and a population of equal-mass binaries (twins) that decreases linearly in frequency with logP. For massive stars, the model predicts a large fraction of early mergers, a distribution of logP with a negative slope, and a mass-ratio distribution that is also uniform but with a substantially reduced twin fraction. By treating disc fragmentation as a stochastic process, we also reproduce the observed properties of compact triples. Success of our toy model suggests that most close binaries and compact triples indeed formed by disc fragmentation followed by accretion-driven inward migration.

Accepted by MNRAS; 15 pages, 11 figures

References in corpus (30)

• Binary interaction dominates the evolution of massive stars
• Tertiary companions to close spectroscopic binaries
• Toward Complete Statistics of Massive Binary Stars: Penultimate Results from the Cygnus OB2 Radial Velocity Survey
• KOI-126: A Triply-Eclipsing Hierarchical Triple with Two Low-Mass Stars
• A Triple Protostar System Formed via Fragmentation of a Gravitationally Unstable Disk
• Mergers and Obliquities in Stellar Triples
• Mapping the Shores of the Brown Dwarf Desert I.: Upper Scorpius
• Limiting Accretion onto Massive Stars by Fragmentation-Induced Starvation
• Fragmentation of Massive Protostellar Disks
• Global Models for the Evolution of Embedded, Accreting Protostellar Disks
• Comparative statistics and origin of triple and quadruple stars
• Close companions around young stars
• The core binary fractions of star clusters from realistic simulations
• The statistical properties of stars and their dependence on metallicity
• The statistical properties of stars and their dependence on metallicity: the effects of opacity
• Finding binaries from phase modulation of pulsating stars with Kepler: V. Orbital parameters, with eccentricity and mass-ratio distributions of 341 new binaries
• X-Shooter spectroscopy of young stellar objects: V - Slow winds in T Tauri stars
• Tearing up a misaligned accretion disc with a binary companion
• Precession and accretion in circumbinary discs: The case of HD 104237
• Orbit alignment in triple stars
• On the reliability of protostellar disc mass measurements and the existence of fragmenting discs
• Disk Masses for Embedded Class I Protostars in the Taurus Molecular Cloud
• Surprising dissimilarities in a newly formed pair of 'identical twin' stars
• The evolution of the binary population in globular clusters: a full analytical computation
• A New Class of Nascent Eclipsing Binaries with Extreme Mass Ratios
• Stellar models and isochrones from low-mass to massive stars including pre-main sequence phase with accretion
• Evolution of Class0 protostars: Models vs. Observations
• Constraining the Disk Masses of the Class I Binary Protostar GV Tau
• The evolution of a binary in a retrograde circular orbit embedded in an accretion disk
• Study of the Mass-Ratio Distribution of Spectroscopic Binaries. II. The Boundaries of the Brown-Dwarf Desert as Seen with the APOGEE Spectroscopic Binaries

Cited by in corpus (83)

• Impact of Binary Stars on Planet Statistics -- I. Planet Occurrence Rates, Trends with Stellar Mass, and Wide Companions to Hot Jupiter Hosts
• A non-interacting Galactic black hole candidate in a binary system with a main-sequence star
• Stellar mergers as the origin of the blue main-sequence band in young star clusters
• The Close Binary Fraction as a Function of Stellar Parameters in APOGEE: A Strong Anti-Correlation With $\alpha$ Abundances
• Strong constraints on the gravitational law from $Gaia$ DR3 wide binaries
• The young massive SMC cluster NGC 330 seen by MUSE II. Multiplicity properties of the massive-star population
• The VLA/ALMA Nascent Disk and Multiplicity (VANDAM) Survey of Orion Protostars V. A Characterization of Protostellar Multiplicity
• TIC 168789840: A Sextuply-Eclipsing Sextuple Star System
• Orbital Parameter Determination for Wide Stellar Binary Systems in the Age of Gaia
• TICs 167692429 and 220397947: The first compact hierarchical triple stars discovered with TESS
• Orbital Architectures of Planet-Hosting Binaries II. Low Mutual Inclinations Between Planetary and Stellar Orbits
• 15000 Ellipsoidal Binary Candidates in TESS: Orbital Periods, Binary Fraction, and Tertiary Companions
• Long-term Evolution of Binary Orbits Induced by Circumbinary Disks
• The Compact Triply Eclipsing Triple Star TIC 209409435 Discovered with TESS
• The multiplicity fraction in 202 open clusters from Gaia
• Tidal Circularization of Binaries by Resonance Locking I: The Importance of the Pre-Main-Sequence
• An Eclipsing Substellar Binary in a Young Triple System discovered by SPECULOOS
• JWST Observations of Young protoStars (JOYS): Linked accretion and ejection in a Class I protobinary system
• The non-monotonic, strong metallicity dependence of the wide-binary fraction
• Wide twin binaries are extremely eccentric: evidence of twin binary formation in circumbinary disks
• The HD 98800 quadruple pre-main sequence system. Towards full orbital characterisation using long-baseline infrared interferometry
• The Architecture of the V892 Tau System: the Binary and its Circumbinary Disk
• A coplanar circumbinary protoplanetary disk in the TWA 3 triple M dwarf system
• TIC 278825952: a triply eclipsing hierarchical triple system with the most intrinsically circular outer orbit
• The Value-Added Catalog of ASAS-SN Eclipsing Binaries: Parameters of Thirty Thousand Detached Systems
• A Study of Nine Triply Eclipsing Triples
• Constraints on the Galactic Centre environment from Gaia hypervelocity stars
• TOI-2119: A transiting brown dwarf orbiting an active M-dwarf from NASA's TESS mission
• Comparison of Gaia and Hipparcos parallaxes of close visual binary stars and the impact on determinations of their masses
• Resolved Gaia Triples
• The mystery in Gaia DR3 triples: occurrence rates, orientations, and eccentricities of wide tertiaries around close binaries
• New binaries from the SHINE survey
• Von Zeipel - Lidov - Kozai cycles in action: $Kepler$ triples with eclipse depth variations: KICs 6964043, 5653126, 5731312 and 8023317
• A Tale of Two Circularization Periods
• ARMADA I: Triple Companions Detected in B-Type Binaries alpha Del and nu Gem
• NGTS clusters survey -- III: A low-mass eclipsing binary in the Blanco 1 open cluster spanning the fully convective boundary
• Boron depletion in Galactic early B-type stars reveals two different main sequence star populations
• Binarity at LOw Metallicity (BLOeM): Enhanced multiplicity of early B-type dwarfs and giants at $Z=0.2{\mathrm{Z}}_{\odot }$
• TIC 290061484: A Triply Eclipsing Triple System with the Shortest Known Outer Period of 24.5 Days
• The OATMEAL Survey. I. Low Stellar Obliquity in the Transiting Brown Dwarf System GPX-1
• Multiples among B stars in the Scorpius-Centaurus association
• Spectroscopic orbits of subsystems in multiple stars. V
• On the frequencies of circumbinary discs in protostellar systems
• Theoretical investigation of the occurrence of tidally excited oscillations in massive eccentric binary systems
• Mass-Ratio Distribution of Binaries From the LAMOST-MRS Survey
• Tracing the evolution of short-period binaries with super-synchronous fast rotators
• Modeling contact binaries, III. Properties of a population of close, massive binaries
• Direct Imaging Discovery of a Young Brown Dwarf Companion to an A2V Star
• TIC 219006972: A Compact, Coplanar Quadruple Star System Consisting of Two Eclipsing Binaries with an Outer Period of 168 days
• A census of main-sequence interactions in the Multiple Star Catalog
• Monte Carlo simulations of multiple populations in globular clusters: constraints on the initial size of the second generation from binary stars
• The spectroscopic binary fraction of the young stellar cluster M17
• Exploring Thousands of Nearby Hierarchical Systems with Gaia and Speckle Interferometry
• The onset of stellar multiplicity in massive star formation: A search for low-mass companions of massive young stellar objects with $L^{\prime }$-band adaptive optics imaging
• Precision timing of eclipsing binaries from TESS full frame images. Method and performance
• Nearby quintuple systems Kappa Tucanae and Xi Scorpii
• Optical characterization and Radial velocity monitoring with Belgian and Indian Telescopes (ORBIT): the eclipsing binaries EPIC 211982753 and EPIC 211915147
• The 24 Aqr triple system: A closer look at its unique high-eccentricity hierarchical architecture
• A spectroscopic quadruple as a possible progenitor of sub-Chandrasekhar Type Ia supernovae
• Merger Conditions of Population III Protostar Binaries
• Pairing function of visual binary stars
• The Small Separation A-Star Companion Population: First Results with CHARA/MIRC-X
• Fewer Companions in the Crowd: The Low Close Binary Fraction in Globular Clusters from Gaia RVS
• A High Angular Resolution Survey of Massive Stars in Cygnus OB2: $JHK$ Adaptive Optics Results from the Gemini Near-InfraRed Imager
• A New Brown Dwarf Orbiting an M star and An Investigation on the Eccentricity Distribution of Transiting Long-Period Brown Dwarfs
• Spectroscopy of Eclipsing Compact Hierarchical Triples I
• The bound origin of low-mass stellar binaries
• ASAS Census of Twins
• Dynamical Architectures of S-type Transiting Planets in Binaries II: A Dichotomy in Orbital Alignment of Small Planets in Close Binary Systems
• The Formation of Double Hot Jupiter Systems through von Zeipel-Lidov-Kozai Migration
• A stringent upper limit on Be star fractions produced by binary interaction
• When did the initial mass function become bottom-heavy?
• Planet migration in massive circumbinary discs
• Testing Evolutionary Models with Red Supergiant and Wolf-Rayet Populations
• The SPHERE view of multiple star formation
• The influence of tight binaries on proto-planetary disk masses
• TIC 454140642: A Compact, Coplanar, Quadruple-lined Quadruple Star System Consisting of Two Eclipsing Binaries
• TOI-7154b: A Close-in Massive Brown Dwarf in an Eccentric Orbit
• A 2+1+1 quadruple star system containing the most eccentric, low-mass, short-period, eclipsing binary known
• Identifying Hierarchically Triple Star Systems with Gaia DR3 and LAMOST
• A Quadruple Excess in Wide Binary Systems: Evidence for Correlated Binary Formation
• Formation of massive multiple-star systems: early migration and mergers
• The eccentricity distribution of wide binaries and their individual measurements