A catalogue of asteroseismically calibrated ages for APOGEE DR17. The predictions of a CatBoost machine learning model based on the [Mg/Ce] chemical clock and other stellar parameters

Abstract

Context. Understanding the Milky Way's formation and evolution across cosmic epochs necessitates precise stellar age determination across all Galactic components. Recent advancements in asteroseismology, spectroscopy, stellar modelling, and machine learning, coupled with all-sky surveys, now offer highly reliable stellar age estimates. Aims. This study aims to furnish accurate age assessments for the Main Red Star Sample within the APOGEE DR17 catalogue. Leveraging asteroseismic age constraints, we employ machine learning to achieve this goal. Methods. We explore optimal non-asteroseismic stellar parameters, including T${}_{eff}$, L, [CI/N], [Mg/Ce], [$\alpha$/Fe], U(LSR) velocity, and 'Z' vertical height from the Galactic plane, to predict ages via categorical gradient boost decision trees. Training merges samples from the TESS Southern Continuous Viewing Zone and Second APOKASC catalogue to mitigate data shifts, enhancing prediction reliability. Validation employs an independent dataset from the K2 Galactic Archaeology Program. Results. Our model yields a median fractional age error of 20.8%, with a prediction variance of 4.77%. Median fractional errors for stars older than 3 Gyr range from 7% to 23%, from 1 to 3 Gyr range from 26% to 28%, and for stars younger than 1 Gyr, it's 43%. Applicable to 125,445 stars in the APOGEE DR17 Main Red Star Sample, our analysis confirms previous findings on the young Galactic disc's flaring and reveals an age gradient among the youngest Galactic plane stars. Additionally, we identify two groups of metal-poor ([Fe/H] < -1 dex) young stars (Age < 2 Gyr) exhibiting similar chemical abundances and halo kinematics, likely remnants of the predicted third gas infall episode (~2.7 Gyr ago).

arXiv comment17 pages, 9 figures, accepted by Astronomy & Astrophysics the 24th of December 2023 Appendix: 10 pages, 10 figures Article already freely available among A&A Forthcoming articles: https://www.aanda.org/component/article?access=doi&doi=10.1051/0004-6361/202348031

References in corpus (93)

• XGBoost: A Scalable Tree Boosting System
• Astropy: A Community Python Package for Astronomy
• The Gaia mission
• The Astropy Project: Sustaining and Growing a Community-oriented Open-source Project and the Latest Major Release (v5.0) of the Core Package
• Gaia Data Release 3: Summary of the content and survey properties
• Binary companions of evolved stars in APOGEE DR14: Search method and catalog of ~5,000 companions
• Estimating distances from parallaxes. V: Geometric and photogeometric distances to 1.47 billion stars in Gaia Early Data Release 3
• The Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE)
• The Galaxy in Context: Structural, Kinematic and Integrated Properties
• galpy: A Python Library for Galactic Dynamics
• A 3D Dust Map Based on Gaia, Pan-STARRS 1 and 2MASS
• The PLATO 2.0 Mission
• Kepler Mission Design, Realized Photometric Performance, and Early Science
• The Radial Velocity Experiment (RAVE): first data release
• Elemental Abundance Survey of The Galactic Thick Disk
• The Proper Motion of Sgr A*: II. The Mass of Sgr A*
• ASPCAP: The Apogee Stellar Parameter and Chemical Abundances Pipeline
• alpha-, r-, and s-process element trends in the Galactic thin and thick disks
• Chemical Cartography with APOGEE: Metallicity Distribution Functions and the Chemical Structure of the Milky Way Disk
• The GALAH+ Survey: Third Data Release
• Chemical abundances of 1111 FGK stars from the HARPS GTO planet search program.Galactic stellar populations and planets
• The Ages of Stars
• APOGEE Data and Spectral Analysis from SDSS Data Release 16: Seven Years of Observations Including First Results from APOGEE-South
• Abundances, Stellar Parameters, and Spectra From the SDSS-III/APOGEE Survey
• The Cannon: A data-driven approach to stellar label determination
• The Updated BaSTI Stellar Evolution Models and Isochrones: I. Solar Scaled Calculations
• The Second APOKASC Catalog: The Empirical Approach
• On the use of Gaia magnitudes and new tables of bolometric corrections
• Synthetic Stellar Photometry - I. General considerations and new transformations for broad-band systems
• The Eighteenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys: Targeting and First Spectra from SDSS-V
• APOGEE Data Releases 13 and 14: Data and Analysis
• On Galactic density modeling in the presence of dust extinction
• High-precision abundances of elements in solar twin stars: Trends with stellar age and elemental condensation temperature
• Red giant masses and ages derived from carbon and nitrogen abundances
• The Payne: self-consistent ab initio fitting of stellar spectra
• The stellar population structure of the Galactic disk
• Dynamical heating across the Milky Way disc using APOGEE and $Gaia$
• Star formation near the Sun is driven by expansion of the Local Bubble
• Galactic archaeology: mapping and dating stellar populations with asteroseismology of red-giant stars
• Spectroscopic determination of masses (and implied ages) for red giants
• Abundance Estimates for 16 Elements in 6 Million Stars from LAMOST DR5 Low-Resolution Spectra
• Alpha element abundances and gradients in the Milky Way bulge from FLAMES-GIRAFFE spectra of 650 K giants
• Testing the asteroseismic scaling relations for Red Giants with Eclipsing Binaries Observed by Kepler
• The updated BaSTI stellar evolution models and isochrones: II. alpha-enhanced calculations
• Age dissection of the Milky Way discs: red giants in the Kepler field
• From the bulge to the outer disc: StarHorse stellar parameters, distances, and extinctions for stars in APOGEE DR16 and other spectroscopic surveys
• Carbon, nitrogen and $\alpha$-element abundances determine the formation sequence of the Galactic thick and thin disks
• Measuring the vertical age structure of the Galactic disc using asteroseismology and SAGA
• The chemical homogeneity of open clusters
• Chemical Cartography with APOGEE: Multi-element abundance ratios
• Abundance to age ratios in the HARPS-GTO sample with Gaia DR2: Chemical clocks for a range of [Fe/H]
• The TESS-HERMES survey Data Release 1: high-resolution spectroscopy of the TESS southern continuous viewing zone
• Bayesian analysis of ages, masses, and distances to cool stars with non-LTE spectroscopic parameters
• The First APOKASC Catalog of Kepler Dwarf and Subgiant Stars
• The Gaia-ESO Survey: Exploring the complex nature and origins of the Galactic bulge populations
• Age velocity dispersion relations and heating histories in disc galaxies
• High-precision abundances of elements in solar-type stars. Evidence of two distinct sequences in abundance-age relations
• Barium & related stars and their white-dwarf companions I. Giant stars
• Dissecting simulated disc galaxies II: the age-velocity relation
• PLATO as it is: a legacy mission for Galactic archaeology
• Accurate and homogeneous abundance patterns in solar-type stars of the solar neighbourhood: a chemo-chronological analysis
• The Gaia-ESO survey: the non-universality of the age-chemical-clocks-metallicity relations in the Galactic disc
• Age-resolved chemistry of red giants in the solar neighbourhood
• The K2 Galactic Archaeology Program Data Release 1: Asteroseismic results from Campaign 1
• Synthetic Stellar Photometry - II. Testing the bolometric flux scale, and tables of bolometric corrections for the Hipparcos/Tycho, Pan-STARRS1, SkyMapper and JWST systems
• The Gaia-ESO Survey: Sodium and aluminium abundances in giants and dwarfs - Implications for stellar and Galactic chemical evolution
• Testing the radius scaling relation with $Gaia$ DR2 in the $Kepler$ field
• Chemical abundances and kinematics of barium stars
• Spectroscopic age estimates for APOGEE red-giant stars: Precise spatial and kinematic trends with age in the Galactic disc
• A New Method for the Asteroseismic Determination of the Evolutionary State of Red-Giant Stars
• NLTE for APOGEE: Simultaneous Multi-Element NLTE Radiative Transfer
• Abundance-age relations with red clump stars in open clusters
• Prospects for Galactic and stellar astrophysics with asteroseismology of giant stars in the $TESS$ Continuous Viewing Zones and beyond
• The K2 Galactic Archaeology Program Data Release 3: Age-abundance patterns in C1-C8 and C10-C18
• Beyond the two-infall model I. Indications for a recent gas infall with Gaia DR3 chemical abundances
• Chemical Cartography with APOGEE: Mapping Disk Populations with a Two-Process Model and Residual Abundances
• The Fastest Travel Together: Chemical Tagging of the Fastest Stars in Gaia DR2 to the Stellar Halo
• Abundances of disk and bulge giants from high-resolution optical spectra -- IV. Zr, La, Ce, Eu
• The stellar velocity distribution function in the Milky Way galaxy
• The GALAH Survey: Chemical Clocks
• APOGEE [C/N] Abundances Across the Galaxy: Migration and Infall from Red Giant Ages
• How accurate are stellar ages based on stellar models? II. The impact of asteroseismology
• The K2 Galactic Caps Project -- Going Beyond the \textit{Kepler} Field and Ageing the Galactic Disc
• Effects of the selection function on metallicity trends in spectroscopic surveys of the Milky Way
• Are ancient dwarf satellites the building blocks of the Galactic halo?
• Excitation of vertical breathing motion in disc galaxies by tidally-induced spirals in fly-by interactions
• The cerium content of the Milky Way as revealed by Gaia DR3 GSP-Spec abundances
• Testing abundance-age relations beyond solar analogues with Kepler LEGACY stars
• Time evolution of Ce as traced by APOGEE using giant stars observed with the Kepler, TESS and K2 missions
• Stellar dating using chemical clocks and Bayesian inference
• Matter accretion in metal-poor stars down to extremely metal-poor stars and the lithium problem
• Vertical structure of Galactic disk kinematics from LAMOST K giants
• Asteroseismology of red giants & galactic archaeology

Cited by in corpus (5)

• Modelling chemical clocks -- Theoretical evidences of the space and time evolution of [s/alpha] in the Galactic disc with Gaia-ESO survey
• Machine Learning Classification of COSMOS2020 Galaxies: Quiescent vs. Star-Forming
• COSMOS2025: Machine Learning Classification of Early- and Late-type Galaxies at 0 < z < 3
• Stellar age determination using deep neural networks: Isochrone ages for 1.3 million stars, based on BaSTI, MIST, PARSEC, Dartmouth and SYCLIST evolutionary grids
• COSMOS2025: A Machine Learning Census of Massive Quiescent Galaxies at $2.5<\text{z}<5$