Survey of Surveys I: The largest catalogue of radial velocities for the Galaxy

Abstract

In the present-day panorama of large spectroscopic surveys, the amount, diversity, and complexity of the available data continuously increase. We present a comprehensive catalogue, the Survey of Surveys (SoS), built by homogeneously merging the radial velocity (RV) determinations of the largest ground-based spectroscopic surveys to date, such as APOGEE, GALAH, Gaia-ESO, RAVE, and LAMOST, using Gaia as reference. We have devised a multi-staged procedure that includes: i) the cross match between Gaia and the spectroscopic surveys using the official Gaia cross-match algorithm, ii) the normalization of uncertainties using repeated measurements or the three-cornered hat method, iii) the cross calibration of the RVs as a function of the main parameters they depend on (magnitude, effective temperature, surface gravity, metallicity, and signal-to-noise ratio) to remove trends and zero point offsets, and iv) the comparison with external high-resolution samples, such as the Gaia RV standards and the Geneva-Copenhagen survey, to validate the homogenization procedure and to calibrate the RV zero-point of the SoS catalogue. We provide the largest homogenized RV catalogue to date, containing almost 11 million stars, of which about half come exclusively from Gaia and half in combination with the ground-based surveys. We estimate the accuracy of the RV zero-point to be about 0.16-0.31 km/s and the RV precision to be in the range 0.05-1.50 km/s depending on the type of star and on its survey provenance. We validate the SoS RVs with open clusters from a high resolution homogeneous samples and we provide median RVs for 532 clusters recently discovered by Gaia data. The SoS is publicly available, ready to be applied to various research projects, such as the study of star clusters, Galactic archaeology, stellar streams, or the characterization of planet-hosting stars, to name a few.

Accepted in A&A

References in corpus (28)

• Array Programming with NumPy
• The Gaia mission
• The Radial Velocity Experiment (RAVE): first data release
• The GALAH Survey: Scientific Motivation
• The GALAH+ Survey: Third Data Release
• The SEGUE Stellar Parameter Pipeline. I. Description and Initial Validation Tests
• APOGEE Data and Spectral Analysis from SDSS Data Release 16: Seven Years of Observations Including First Results from APOGEE-South
• Streams, substructures and the early history of the Milky Way
• The SEGUE Stellar Parameter Pipeline. II. Validation with Galactic Globular and Open Clusters
• Clusters and mirages: cataloguing stellar aggregates in the Milky Way
• Stellar Abundances in the Solar Neighborhood: The Hypatia Catalog
• The Radial Velocity Experiment (RAVE): second data release
• The SEGUE Stellar Parameter Pipeline. III. Comparison with High-Resolution Spectroscopy of SDSS/SEGUE Field Stars
• A catalog of newly identified star clusters in GAIA DR2
• Hunting for open clusters in \textit{Gaia} DR2: $582$ new OCs in the Galactic disc
• A public HARPS radial velocity database corrected for systematic errors
• The LAMOST Stellar Parameter Pipeline at Peking University --- LSP3
• The Sixth Data Release of the Radial Velocity Experiment (RAVE) -- II: Stellar Atmospheric Parameters, Chemical Abundances and Distances
• The Sixth Data Release of the Radial Velocity Experiment (RAVE) -- I: Survey Description, Spectra and Radial Velocities
• Close Binary Companions to APOGEE DR16 Stars: 20,000 Binary-star Systems Across the Color-Magnitude Diagram
• The Gaia-ESO Survey: processing of the FLAMES-UVES spectra
• IN-SYNC I: Homogeneous Stellar Parameters from High Resolution APOGEE Spectra for Thousands of Pre-main Sequence Star
• Gaia Early Data Release 3. Building the Gaia DR3 source list -- Cross-match of Gaia observations
• The AMBRE Project: Constraining the lithium evolution in the Milky Way
• The Gaia-ESO Survey: double, triple and quadruple-line spectroscopic binary candidates
• Lessons from the curious case of the `fastest' star in Gaia DR2
• Gaia Data Release 1. Cross-match with external catalogues - Algorithm and results
• The GALAH survey: Multiple stars and our Galaxy. I. A comprehensive method for deriving properties of FGK binary stars

Cited by in corpus (35)

• Gaia Data Release 3 Properties and validation of the radial velocities
• The Spectroscopic Data Processing Pipeline for the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument
• Overview of the DESI Milky Way Survey
• Gaia Data Release 3: The Galaxy in your preferred colours. Synthetic photometry from Gaia low-resolution spectra
• Assessment of [Fe/H] determinations for FGK stars in spectroscopic surveys
• A Census of the Taurus Star-forming Region and Neighboring Associations with Gaia
• LAMOST meets Gaia: The Galactic Open Clusters
• Gaia Data Release 3: A Golden Sample of Astrophysical Parameters
• Comparative analysis of atmospheric parameters from high-resolution spectroscopic sky surveys: APOGEE, GALAH, Gaia-ESO
• The Gaia EDR3 view of Johnson-Kron-Cousins standard stars: the curated Landolt and Stetson collections
• Transferring spectroscopic stellar labels to 217 million Gaia DR3 XP stars with SHBoost
• The spin, expansion and contraction of open star clusters
• A Census of the 32 Ori Association with Gaia
• Rotation and Abundances of the Benchmark Brown Dwarf HD 33632 Ab from Keck/KPIC High-resolution Spectroscopy
• 60 candidate high-velocity stars originating from the Sagittarius dwarf spheroidal galaxy in Gaia EDR3
• Espresso observations of HE 0107$-$5240 and other CEMP-no stars with $[Fe/H]\le -4.5$
• Unveiling the past evolution of the progenitor of the Helmi streams
• The pristine nature of SMSS 1605$-$1443 revealed by ESPRESSO
• Expansion Kinematics of Young Clusters. I. Lambda Ori
• SpectroTranslator: a deep-neural network algorithm to homogenize spectroscopic parameters
• Investigating the Upper Scorpius OB association with HERMES. I. The spectroscopic sample and 6D kinematics
• The Solar System's passage through the Radcliffe wave during the middle Miocene
• The Gaia-ESO Survey DR5.1 and Gaia DR3 GSP-Spec: a comparative analysis
• Local dark matter density from Gaia DR3 K-dwarfs using Gaussian processes
• Bayesian ages of local young stellar associations I. Through the expansion rate method
• Discovery of Volatile Gas in the Giant Impact Disk around the 150-Myr old HD 23514
• Asteroseismology of four eccentric double-lined spectroscopic eclipsing binaries
• A Kinematic History of Stellar Encounters with Beta Pictoris
• The Survey of Surveys: machine learning for stellar parametrization
• A Low-speed Intruder Star in Hyades: A Temporary Residence
• Survey of Surveys. II. Stellar parameters for 23 millions of stars
• The evolution of velocity dispersion in the Sco-Cen OB association
• The late Miocene ${}^{10}$Be anomaly and the possibility of a supernova
• Identifying and characterizing ultracool dwarfs ejected from post-encounter disintegrating systems
• Correction factors of the measurement errors of the LAMOST-LRS stellar parameters