Gaia Data Release 3 Properties and validation of the radial velocities

Abstract

Gaia Data Release 3 (Gaia DR3) contains the second release of the combined radial velocities. It is based on the spectra collected during the first 34 months of the nominal mission. The longer time baseline and the improvements of the pipeline made it possible to push the processing limit, from Grvs = 12 in Gaia DR2, to Grvs = 14 mag. In this article, we describe the new functionalities implemented for Gaia DR3, the quality filters applied during processing and post-processing and the properties and performance of the published velocities. For Gaia DR3, several functionalities were upgraded or added. (Abridged) Gaia DR3 contains the combined radial velocities of 33 812 183 stars. With respect to Gaia DR2, the interval of temperature has been expanded from Teff \in [3600, 6750] K to Teff \in [3100, 14500] K for the bright stars ( Grvs \leq 12 mag) and [3100, 6750] K for the fainter stars. The radial velocities sample a significant part of the Milky Way: they reach a few kilo-parsecs beyond the Galactic centre in the disc and up to about 10-15 kpc vertically into the inner halo. The median formal precision of the velocities is of 1.3 km/s at Grvs = 12 and 6.4 km/s at Grvs = 14 mag. The velocity zero point exhibits a small systematic trend with magnitude starting around Grvs = 11 mag and reaching about 400 m/s at Grvs = 14 mag. A correction formula is provided, which can be applied to the published data. The Gaia DR3 velocity scale is in satisfactory agreement with APOGEE, GALAH, GES and RAVE, with systematic differences that mostly do not exceed a few hundreds m/s. The properties of the radial velocities are also illustrated with specific objects: open clusters, globular clusters as well as the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). For example, the precision of the data allows to map the line-of-sight rotational velocities of the globular cluster 47 Tuc and of the LMC.

Sumitted to A&A

References in corpus (35)

• Array Programming with NumPy
• The Gaia mission
• Gaia Data Release 3: Summary of the content and survey properties
• Gaia Data Release 1. Summary of the astrometric, photometric, and survey properties
• Estimating distances from parallaxes. V: Geometric and photogeometric distances to 1.47 billion stars in Gaia Early Data Release 3
• The Radial Velocity Experiment (RAVE): first data release
• The Second-Generation Guide Star Catalog: Description and Properties
• The Radial Velocity Experiment (RAVE): Fifth Data Release
• A million binaries from Gaia eDR3: sample selection and validation of Gaia parallax uncertainties
• Gaia Data Release 1: Catalogue validation
• The mass distribution in the Galactic Centre from interferometric astrometry of multiple stellar orbits
• Gaia Data Release 3: Analysis of RVS spectra using the General Stellar Parametriser from spectroscopy
• Gaia Data Release 3: Astrophysical parameters inference system (Apsis) I -- methods and content overview
• The GALAH Survey: Observational Overview and Gaia DR1 companion
• Gaia Data Release 3: Analysis of the Gaia BP/RP spectra using the General Stellar Parameterizer from Photometry
• Gaia Data Release 3: Catalogue Validation
• Cross-Correlation and Maximum Likelihood Analysis: A New Approach to Combine Cross-Correlation Functions
• Gaia Data Release 3: Mapping the asymmetric disc of the Milky Way
• 3D kinematics and age distribution of the Open Cluster population
• Structural parameters of 389 local Open Clusters
• Gaia Data Release 3: All-sky classification of 12.4 million variable sources into 25 classes
• Self-consistent Stellar Radial Velocities from LAMOST Medium-Resolution Survey (MRS) DR7
• Gaia Data Release 3: The extragalactic content
• The Gaia-ESO Survey: processing of the FLAMES-UVES spectra
• Gaia DR3: Apsis III -- Non-stellar content and source classification
• The GALAH survey: The data reduction pipeline
• Survey of Surveys I: The largest catalogue of radial velocities for the Galaxy
• Lessons from the curious case of the `fastest' star in Gaia DR2
• Gaia Early Data Release 3: Updated radial velocities from Gaia DR2
• A multi-method approach to radial-velocity measurement for single-object spectra
• Gas and stellar kinematic misalignment in MaNGA galaxies: what is the origin of counter-rotating gas?
• Nitrogen fractionation in ammonia and its insights on nitrogen chemistry
• Radial velocities and binarity of southern SIM grid stars
• On the computation of interstellar extinction in photoionized nebulae
• The GALAH survey: Multiple stars and our Galaxy. I. A comprehensive method for deriving properties of FGK binary stars

Cited by in corpus (155)

• Gaia Data Release 3: Stellar multiplicity, a teaser for the hidden treasure
• Gaia Data Release 3: Analysis of RVS spectra using the General Stellar Parametriser from spectroscopy
• The wide-field, multiplexed, spectroscopic facility WEAVE: Survey design, overview, and simulated implementation
• Gaia Data Release 3: Catalogue Validation
• Distances and parallax bias in Gaia DR2
• Gaia Data Release 3: Mapping the asymmetric disc of the Milky Way
• Discovery of a dormant 33 solar-mass black hole in pre-release Gaia astrometry
• Self-consistent Stellar Radial Velocities from LAMOST Medium-Resolution Survey (MRS) DR7
• Gaia Data Release 3: The extragalactic content
• The Gaia DR3 view of dynamical substructure in the stellar halo near the Sun
• Completeness of the Gaia-verse II: what are the odds that a star is missing from Gaia DR2?
• The extended halo of NGC 2682 (M 67) from Gaia DR2
• Gaia Data Release 3: Chemical cartography of the Milky Way
• Significance Mode Analysis (SigMA) for hierarchical structures. An application to the Sco-Cen OB association
• Breakdown of the Newton-Einstein Standard Gravity at Low Acceleration in Internal Dynamics of Wide Binary Stars
• A 0.9% Calibration of the Galactic Cepheid luminosity scale based on Gaia DR3 data of open clusters and Cepheids
• Lessons from the curious case of the `fastest' star in Gaia DR2
• Gaia Data Release 3: Gaia scan-angle dependent signals and spurious periods
• Beyond the two-infall model I. Indications for a recent gas infall with Gaia DR3 chemical abundances
• Stellar halo substructure generated by bar resonances
• Gaia Data Release 3: Properties of the line broadening parameter derived with the Radial Velocity Spectrometer (RVS)
• The phase spiral in Gaia DR3
• A search for transiting planets around FGKM dwarfs and sub-giants in the TESS Full Frame Images of the Southern ecliptic hemisphere
• Gaia EDR3 in 6D: Searching for unbound stars in the Galaxy
• Gaia Data Release 3: Hot-star radial velocities
• The Three-Phase Evolution of the Milky Way
• The Stellar Distribution Function and Local Vertical Potential from Gaia DR2
• Kinematic modelling of clusters with Gaia: the Death Throes of the Hyades
• Gaia Data Release 3: G_RVS photometry from the RVS spectra
• Estimating the selection function of Gaia DR3 sub-samples
• The Pan-Pacific Planet Search. VIII. Complete results and the occurrence rate of planets around low-luminosity giants
• Radial halo substructure in harmony with the Galactic bar
• DESI Early Data Release Milky Way Survey Value-Added Catalogue
• Spiral-like features in the disc revealed by Gaia DR3 radial actions
• Astrophysical properties of 15062 Gaia DR3 gravity-mode pulsators: pulsation amplitudes, rotation, and spectral line broadening
• Mass-ratio distribution of contact binary stars
• Metallicity distributions of halo stars: do they trace the Galactic accretion history?
• Gaia Data Release 3: spectroscopic binary-star orbital solutions. The SB1 processing chain
• Mapping Dark Matter in the Milky Way using Normalizing Flows and Gaia DR3
• Tidal tails of open clusters
• The e-TidalGCs Project: Modeling the extra-tidal features generated by Galactic globular clusters
• The Gaia spectrophotometric standard stars survey -- V. Preliminary flux tables for the calibration of Gaia DR2 and (E)DR3
• The Corona Australis star formation complex is accelerating away from the Galactic plane
• Chemically peculiar A and F stars with enhanced s-process and iron-peak elements: stellar radiative acceleration at work
• The cerium content of the Milky Way as revealed by Gaia DR3 GSP-Spec abundances
• VELOcities of CEpheids (VELOCE) I. High-precision radial velocities of Cepheids
• The new detection of blue straggler stars in 50 open clusters using Gaia DR3
• Photometric metallicity for 694233 Galactic giant stars from Gaia DR3 synthetic Stromgren photometry. Metallicity distribution functions of halo sub-structures
• Resonant and Ultra-short-period Planet Systems are at Opposite Ends of the Exoplanet Age Distribution
• Age-dating the young open cluster UBC 1 with g-mode asteroseismology, gyrochronology, and isochrone fitting
• Age-metallicity dependent stellar kinematics of the Milky Way disc from LAMOST and Gaia
• A study of the blue straggler population of the old open cluster Collinder 261
• Comparing hypervelocity star populations from the Large Magellanic Cloud and the Milky Way
• 2D chemical evolution models II. Effects of multiple spiral arm patterns on O, Eu, Fe and Ba abundance gradients
• The physical properties of Cluster Chains
• The diffuse interstellar band around 8620 Å I. Methods and application to the GIBS data set
• Kepler meets Gaia DR3: homogeneous extinction-corrected color-magnitude diagram and binary classification
• Vertical structure and kinematics of the LMC disc from SDSS/Gaia
• The Escape Velocity Profile of the Milky Way from Gaia DR3
• Multiplicity of stars with planets in the solar neighbourhood
• The longevity of the oldest open clusters: Structural parameters of NGC 188, NGC 2420, NGC 2425, NGC 2682, NGC 6791, NGC 6819
• Gaia-IGRINS synergy: Orbits of Newly Identified Milky Way Star Clusters
• Towards a fully consistent Milky Way disk model -- IV. The impact of Gaia DR2 and APOGEE
• Sr and Ba abundance determinations: comparing machine-learning with star-by-star analyses -- High-resolution re-analysis of suspected LAMOST barium stars
• Stellar spectral-type (mass) dependence of the dearth of close-in planets around fast-rotating stars. Architecture of Kepler confirmed single-exoplanet systems compared to star-planet evolution models
• Young nearby open clusters and their luminosity functions
• Multiples among B stars in the Scorpius-Centaurus association
• Kepler main-sequence solar-like stars: surface rotation and magnetic-activity evolution
• Combining Hipparcos and Gaia data for the study of binaries: the BINARYS tool
• Characterisation of local halo building blocks: Thamnos and Sequoia
• Radial Wave in the Galactic Disk: New Clues to Discriminate Different Perturbations
• Exploring the structure and kinematics of the Milky Way through A stars
• Vertical structure of Galactic disk kinematics from LAMOST K giants
• Are Lithium-Rich Giants Binaries? A Radial Velocity Variability Analysis of 1,400 Giants
• A rotational age for the open cluster NGC 2281
• Exploring the impact of a rapidly decelerating bar on transforming bulge orbits into disc-like orbits
• Kinematics of the Milky Way from the Gaia EDR3 red giants and sub-giants
• The breakdown of current gyrochronology as evidenced by old coeval stars
• Could very low-metallicity stars with rotation-dominated orbits have been shepherded by the bar?
• K2-HERMES II. Planet-candidate properties from K2 Campaigns 1-13
• Planets Across Space and Time (PAST). VI. Age Dependence of the Occurrence and Architecture of Ultra-Short-Period Planet Systems
• Influence of the Galactic bar on the kinematics of the disc stars with Gaia EDR3 data
• A determination of the LMC dark matter subhalo mass using the MW halo stars in its gravitational wake
• The cosmic waltz of Coma Berenices and Latyshev 2 (Group X). Membership, phase-space structure, mass, and energy distributions
• Reaching the boundary between stellar kinematic groups and very wide binaries. IV. The widest Washington double star systems with rho > 1000 arcsec in Gaia DR3
• Signature of spin-down stalling in stellar magnetic activity. The case of the open cluster NGC 6811
• Probing galaxy evolution from $z=0$ to $z\simeq 10$ through galaxy scaling relations in three L-Galaxies flavours
• The GALAH Survey: Stellar parameters and abundances for 800,000 Gaia RVS spectra using GALAH DR4 and The Cannon
• High mass function ellipsoidal variables in the Gaia Focused Product Release: searching for black hole candidates in the binary zoo
• Radial and azimuthal gradients of the moving groups in Gaia DR3: The slow/fast bar degeneracy problem
• Cluster aggregates surrounding Pismis 5 in the Vela Molecular Ridge
• Trojan globular clusters: radial migration via trapping in bar resonances
• The Multiple Extended Tidal Tails of NGC 288
• A fast-rotating blue straggler star in the tidal tail of the open cluster NGC 752
• A Blueprint for the Milky Way's Stellar Populations. V. 3D Local Dust Extinction
• The "C": The large Chameleon-Musca-Coalsack cloud
• Testing the mass-radius relation of white dwarfs in common proper motion pairs I.Hydrogen-dominated atmospheres
• Dormant black hole candidates from Gaia DR3 summary diagnostics
• Precise Fourier parameters of Cepheid Radial Velocity Curves
• Unveiling the Binary Nature of NGC 2323
• The Gaia-ESO Survey DR5.1 and Gaia DR3 GSP-Spec: a comparative analysis
• The Gaia spectroscopic catalogue of exoplanets and host stars
• Dynamical streams in the local stellar halo
• Mapping the Distant and Metal-Poor Milky Way with SDSS-V
• Chronology of our Galaxy from Gaia colour-magnitude diagram fitting (ChronoGal) -- III. Age and metallicity distribution of Gaia-Sausage-Enceladus stars near the Sun
• TIC 435850195: The Second Tri-Axial, Tidally Tilted Pulsator
• Gaia/GSP-spec spectroscopic properties of gamma Doradus pulsators
• KOBE-1: The first planetary system from the KOBE survey. Two planets likely residing in the sub-Neptune mass regime around a late K-dwarf
• Dynamical Origin for the Collinder 132-Gulliver 21 Stream: A Mixture of three Co-Moving Populations with an Age Difference of 250 Myr
• A Data-driven Spectral Model of Main Sequence Stars in Gaia DR3
• Constraints on the abundance of $0.01c$ stellar engines in the Milky Way
• The Pristine survey: XXVII. The extremely metal-poor stream C-19 stretches over more than 100 degrees
• Metallicities of old open clusters: A new Galactic map
• Tidal Tails of Nearby Open Clusters. II. A Review of Simulated Properties and the Reliability of Observational Catalogues
• The 3D kinematics of stellar substructures in the periphery of the Large Magellanic Cloud
• Strange Quasar Candidates with Abnormal Astrometric Characteristics from Gaia EDR3 and SDSS (SQUAB-II): Optical Identifications
• The missing radial velocities of Gaia: a catalogue of Bayesian estimates for DR3
• HD 7977 and its possible influence on Solar System bodies
• The Gaia RVS benchmark stars II. A sample of stars selected for their Gaia high radial velocity
• Bayesian ages of local young stellar associations I. Through the expansion rate method
• Machine learning-based identification of Gaia astrometric exoplanet orbits
• Fewer Companions in the Crowd: The Low Close Binary Fraction in Globular Clusters from Gaia RVS
• TOI-3568 b: a super-Neptune in the sub-Jovian desert
• Lost Sisters Found: TESS and Gaia Reveal a Dissolving Pleiades Complex
• Abundant sub-micron grains revealed in newly discovered extreme debris discs
• A slow spin to win -- the gradual evolution of the proto-Galaxy to the old disc
• Dynamical Architectures of S-type Transiting Planets in Binaries II: A Dichotomy in Orbital Alignment of Small Planets in Close Binary Systems
• Searching for Galactic Red Supergiants with Gaia RVS Spectra
• The evolution of velocity dispersion in the Sco-Cen OB association
• Solar twins in Gaia DR3 GSP-Spec I. Building a large catalog of Solar twins with ages
• A Kinematic History of Stellar Encounters with Beta Pictoris
• The Gaia-ESO Survey: new spectroscopic binaries in the Milky Way
• Implications of the Milky Way Declining Rotation Curve
• Symbiotic binaries in the Gaia data. I. Known symbiotics in DR3 and FPR
• A Recent Supermassive Black Hole Binary in the Galactic Center Unveiled by the Hypervelocity Stars
• Main-sequence Turnoff Stars as Probes of the Ancient Galactic Relic: Chemo-dynamical Analysis of a Pilot Sample
• 3D non-LTE Ca II line formation in metal-poor FGK stars. I. Abundance corrections, radial velocity corrections, and synthetic spectra
• Disentanglement of the chemodynamical assembly: mapping the Milky Way disks
• The model fitting of Gaia DR3 Classical Cepheid light and radial velocity curves
• Discovery of the First Octupole Pulsation Mode in a delta Scuti Star: A Stationary l = 3 Sectoral Mode
• Gaia DR3 high radial velocity stars: Genuine fast-moving objects or outliers?
• First large scale spatial and velocity patterns of local metal-rich stars in the Milky Way
• Surface activity of a Rossby sequence of cool Hyades stars
• A Cartesian catalog of 30 million Gaia sources based on second-order and Monte Carlo error propagation
• Discovery of lambda Boo stars in open clusters
• Red giant asteroseismic binaries in the Kepler field
• HR-GO II: chemical abundances of low-$E$ retrograde dynamically-tagged-groups: Revealing Thamnos as a very metal-poor substructure
• The Gaia Ultracool Dwarf Sample -- IV. GTC/OSIRIS optical spectra of Gaia late-M and L dwarfs
• Wrinkles in Time. II. Stellar Age Trends in Kinematic Signatures from Transient Spiral Structure
• Bar pattern speed modulation across LMC stellar populations
• A Quadruple Excess in Wide Binary Systems: Evidence for Correlated Binary Formation
• A magnetic field detection in the massive O-type bright giant 63 Oph
• Refined M-type Star Catalog from LAMOST DR10: Measurements of Radial Velocities, $T_{\text{eff}}$, log $g$, [M/H] and [$\alpha$/M]
• Reconstruction of Cepheid Radial Velocity Curves from the shape of the V-band Light Curves
• The chemodynamical memory of a major merger in a NIHAO-UHD Milky Way analogue -- I. A golden thread through time and space