The GALAH Survey: Second Data Release

Abstract

The Galactic Archaeology with HERMES (GALAH) survey is a large-scale stellar spectroscopic survey of the Milky Way and designed to deliver chemical information complementary to a large number of stars covered by the $Gaia$ mission. We present the GALAH second public data release (GALAH DR2) containing 342,682 stars. For these stars, the GALAH collaboration provides stellar parameters and abundances for up to 23 elements to the community. Here we present the target selection, observation, data reduction and detailed explanation of how the spectra were analysed to estimate stellar parameters and element abundances. For the stellar analysis, we have used a multi-step approach. We use the physics-driven spectrum synthesis of Spectroscopy Made Easy (SME) to derive stellar labels ($T_{\mathrm{eff}}$, $\log g$, $[Fe/H]$, $[X/Fe]$, $v_{\mathrm{mic}}$, $v\sin i$, $A_{K_S}$) for a representative training set of stars. This information is then propagated to the whole survey with the data-driven method of $TheCannon$. Special care has been exercised in the spectral synthesis to only consider spectral lines that have reliable atomic input data and are little affected by blending lines. Departures from local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) are considered for several key elements, including Li, O, Na, Mg, Al, Si, and Fe, using 1D MARCS stellar atmosphere models. Validation tests including repeat observations, Gaia benchmark stars, open and globular clusters, and K2 asteroseismic targets lend confidence in our methods and results. Combining the GALAH DR2 catalogue with the kinematic information from $Gaia$ will enable a wide range of Galactic Archaeology studies, with unprecedented detail, dimensionality, and scope.

arXiv comment34+7 pages, 31 Figures, 5 tables, 1 catalog, submitted to MNRAS

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• S-Process Nucleosynthesis in Chemically Peculiar Binaries
• Revisiting the Perseus Cluster I: Resolving the Si/S/Ar/Ca ratios by Stellar Convection
• Data-driven stellar parameters for southern TESS FGK targets
• Abundance analysis of stars hosting gas-rich debris disks
• Partitioning the Galactic Halo with Gaussian Mixture Models
• Survey of Surveys. II. Stellar parameters for 23 millions of stars
• Solar twins in Gaia DR3 GSP-Spec I. Building a large catalog of Solar twins with ages
• The Survey of Surveys: machine learning for stellar parametrization
• Nuclear astrophysics
• Double-lined spectroscopic binaries in the APOGEE DR16 and DR17 data
• Interpreting Stellar Spectra with Unsupervised Domain Adaptation
• Scalable Stellar Parameter Inference Using Python-based LASP: From CPU Optimization to GPU Acceleration
• Isochrone fitting in the Gaia era. II. Distances, ages and masses from UniDAM using Gaia DR2 data
• The odd bunch: chrono-chemo-dynamics of sixteen unusual stars from Kepler
• Analytic marginalization of absorption line continua
• Rapid early gas accretion for the inner Galactic disc
• The COMBS Survey -- III. The Chemodynamical Origins of Metal-Poor Bulge Stars
• Double Trouble: How Unresolved Spectroscopic Binary Stars Skew GALAH DR4 Stellar Parameters
• Disruption of a Giant: Spectroscopic Identification of Members in the Periphery and Tidal Tails of $\omega$ Centauri
• A simple linear model to aid in analyses of the Beta Pictoris moving group
• The GALAH Survey: Neutron-Capture Elemental Abundances for 350,000 Gaia-RVS spectra and the Chemodynamics of Accreted Structures
• PISP: Projected-Space Inference of Stellar Parameters
• The vertical structure of the stellar disk in NGC 551
• Investigating non-LTE abundances of Neodymium (Nd) in metal-poor FGK stars
• 3D elemental abundances of stars at formation across the histories of Milky Way-mass galaxies in the FIRE simulations
• Viability of novae as sources of Galactic lithium