Oort cloud Ecology II: Extra-solar Oort clouds and the origin of asteroidal interlopers

Abstract

We simulate the formation and evolution of Oort clouds around the 200 nearest stars (within 16pc according to the Gaia DR2) database. This study is performed by numerically integrating the planets and minor bodies in orbit around the parent star and in the Galactic potential. The calculations start 1\,Gyr ago and continue for 100Myr into the future. In this time frame, we simulate how asteroids (and planets) are ejected from the star's vicinity and settle in an Oort cloud and how they escape the local stellar gravity to form tidal steams. A fraction of 0.0098 to 0.026 of the asteroids remain bound to their parent star. The orbits of these asteroids isotropizes and circularizes due to the influence of the Galactic tidal field to eventually form an Oort cloud between 10^4 and 2 10^5au. We estimate that 6% of the nearby stars may have a planet in its Oort cloud. The majority of asteroids (and some of the planets) become unbound from the parent star to become free floating in the Galactic potential. These soli lapides remain in a similar orbit around the Galactic center as their host star, forming dense streams of rogue interstellar asteroids and planets. The Solar system occasionally passes through such tidal streams, potentially giving rise to occasional close encounters with object in this stream. The two recently discovered objects, 1I/(2017 Q3) 'Oumuamua and 2I/(2019 Q4) Borisov, may be such objects. Although the direction from which an individual solus lapis originated cannot easily be traced back to the original host, multiple such objects coming from the same source might help to identify their origin. At the moment the Solar system is in the bow or wake of the tidal stream of 10 of the nearby stars which might contribute considerably to the interaction rate. (abridged)

accepted for publication in A&A, see animation https://youtu.be/0fYeAW3e9bQ

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Cited by in corpus (22)

• Photo-astrometric distances, extinctions, and astrophysical parameters for Gaia EDR3 stars brighter than G=18.5
• Oort cloud Ecology II: The chronology of the formation of the Oort cloud
• From a Different Star: 3I/ATLAS in the context of the Ōtautahi-Oxford interstellar object population model
• Direct measurement of decimeter-sized rocky material in the Oort cloud
• Trajectory of the stellar flyby that shaped the outer solar system
• On the pollution of white dwarfs by exo-Oort cloud comets
• A halo of trapped interstellar matter surrounding the solar system
• Predicting the water content of interstellar objects from galactic star formation histories
• Capture of interstellar objects II: by the Solar system
• DIPSY: A new Disc Instability Population SYnthesis, II. The Populations of Companions Formed Through Disc Instability
• Oort cloud (exo)planets
• Chasing Nomadic Worlds: A New Class of Deep Space Missions
• The New Astronomical Frontier of Interstellar Objects
• A Case Study of Interstellar Material Delivery: α Centauri
• Milky Way globular clusters on cosmological timescales. IV. Guests in the outer Solar System
• An estimate of resident time of the Oort Cloud new comets in planetary region
• Collision of Two Stellar Associations in the Nearby Gum Nebula
• Gravitational influence of the globular cluster NGC 7078 (M 15) flyby of the Oort cloud system
• Dynamical evolution of massless particles in star clusters with NBODY6++GPU-MASSLESS: II. The long-term evolution of free-floating comets
• Interstellar Objects in the Solar System: 1. Isotropic Kinematics from the Gaia Early Data Release 3
• Close Encounters of the Interstellar Kind: Examining the Capture of Interstellar Objects in Near Earth Orbit
• Implications for the formation of Oort cloud-like structures and interstellar comets in dense environments