The GALAH Survey: Improving our understanding of confirmed and candidate planetary systems with large stellar surveys

Abstract

Pioneering photometric, astrometric, and spectroscopic surveys are helping exoplanetary scientists better constrain the fundamental properties of stars within our galaxy, and the planets these stars host. In this study, we use the third data release from the stellar spectroscopic GALAH Survey, coupled with astrometric data of eDR3 from the \textit{Gaia} satellite, and other data from NASA's Exoplanet Archive, to refine our understanding of 279 confirmed and candidate exoplanet host stars and their exoplanets. This homogenously analysed data set comprises 105 confirmed exoplanets, along with 146 K2 candidates, 95 TESS Objects of Interest (TOIs) and 52 Community TOIs (CTOIs). Our analysis significantly shifts several previously (unknown) planet parameters while decreasing the uncertainties for others; Our radius estimates suggest that 35 planet candidates are more likely brown dwarfs or stellar companions due to their new radius values. We are able to refine the radii and masses of WASP-47 e, K2-106 b, and CoRoT-7 b to their most precise values yet, to less than 2.3\% and 8.5\% respectively. We also use stellar rotational values from GALAH to show that most planet candidates will have mass measurements that will be tough to obtain with current ground-based spectrographs. With GALAH's chemical abundances, we show through chemo-kinematics that there are five planet-hosts that are associated with the galaxy's thick disc, including NGTS-4, K2-183 and K2-337. Finally, we show there is no statistical difference between the chemical properties of hot Neptune and hot rocky exoplanet hosts, with the possibility that short-period rocky worlds might be the remnant cores of hotter, gaseous worlds.

arXiv comment21 pages with 11 figures and 5 tables. Accepted into MNRAS with appendix tables available within this arXiv submission

References in corpus (126)

• SciPy 1.0--Fundamental Algorithms for Scientific Computing in Python
• Astropy: A Community Python Package for Astronomy
• The NumPy array: a structure for efficient numerical computation
• Gaia Data Release 2. Summary of the contents and survey properties
• MultiNest: an efficient and robust Bayesian inference tool for cosmology and particle physics
• MESA Isochrones and Stellar Tracks (MIST). I: Solar-Scaled Models
• The Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE)
• Multimodal nested sampling: an efficient and robust alternative to MCMC methods for astronomical data analysis
• The Galaxy in Context: Structural, Kinematic and Integrated Properties
• X-ray spectral modelling of the AGN obscuring region in the CDFS: Bayesian model selection and catalogue
• Habitable Zones Around Main-Sequence Stars: New Estimates
• The California-Kepler Survey. III. A Gap in the Radius Distribution of Small Planets
• Exploring the Milky Way stellar disk. A detailed elemental abundance study of 714 F and G dwarf stars in the Solar neighbourhood
• Planetary Candidates Observed by Kepler, III: Analysis of the First 16 Months of Data
• A new generation of PARSEC-COLIBRI stellar isochrones including the TP-AGB phase
• Importance Nested Sampling and the MultiNest Algorithm
• The Radial Velocity Experiment (RAVE): first data release
• The GALAH Survey: Scientific Motivation
• Mass-Radius Relationships for Solid Exoplanets
• astroquery: An Astronomical Web-Querying Package in Python
• Most 1.6 Earth-Radius Planets are not Rocky
• The TESS Input Catalog and Candidate Target List
• The Occurrence Rate of Small Planets around Small Stars
• Probabilistic Forecasting of the Masses and Radii of Other Worlds
• The GALAH+ Survey: Third Data Release
• Transiting exoplanets from the CoRoT space mission VIII. CoRoT-7b: the first Super-Earth with measured radius
• Chemical abundances of 1111 FGK stars from the HARPS GTO planet search program.Galactic stellar populations and planets
• Internal Structure of Massive Terrestrial Planets
• An asteroseismic view of the radius valley: stripped cores, not born rocky
• Validation of Kepler's Multiple Planet Candidates. III: Light Curve Analysis & Announcement of Hundreds of New Multi-planet Systems
• The metal-rich nature of stars with planets
• Accurate, Empirical Radii and Masses of Planets and their Host Stars with Gaia Parallaxes
• Mass-Radius Relation for Rocky Planets based on PREM
• The Cannon: A data-driven approach to stellar label determination
• The GALAH Survey: Second Data Release
• Can we constrain interior structure of rocky exoplanets from mass and radius measurements?
• The Anglo-Australian Observatory's 2dF Facility
• A Framework for Quantifying the Degeneracies of Exoplanet Interior Compositions
• KELT-1b: A Strongly Irradiated, Highly Inflated, Short Period, 27 Jupiter-mass Companion Transiting a mid-F Star
• WASP-47: A Hot Jupiter System with Two Additional Planets Discovered by K2
• Hot super-Earths stripped by their host stars
• Transiting exoplanets from the CoRoT space mission VI. CoRoT-Exo-3b: The first secure inhabitant of the brown-dwarf desert
• A planet within the debris disk around the pre-main-sequence star AU Microscopii
• A generalized bayesian inference method for constraining the interiors of super Earths and sub-Neptunes
• The GALAH Survey: Observational Overview and Gaia DR1 companion
• Occurrence Rates of Planets orbiting FGK Stars: Combining Kepler DR25, Gaia DR2 and Bayesian Inference
• TESS Discovery of a Transiting Super-Earth in the $\pi$ Mensae System
• Very Low-Density Planets around Kepler-51 Revealed with Transit Timing Variations and an Anomaly Similar to a Planet-Planet Eclipse Event
• Transit Timing Observations from Kepler: VII. Confirmation of 27 planets in 13 multiplanet systems via Transit Timing Variations and orbital stability
• Transformation of a Star into a Planet in a Millisecond Pulsar Binary
• 275 Candidates and 149 Validated Planets Orbiting Bright Stars in K2 Campaigns 0-10
• Disentangling stellar activity and planetary signals
• The extreme physical properties of the CoRoT-7b super-Earth
• Scaling the Earth: A Sensitivity Analysis of Terrestrial Exoplanetary Interior Models
• The Roche limit for close-orbiting planets: Minimum density, composition constraints, and application to the 4.2-hour planet KOI 1843.03
• The TESS-HERMES survey Data Release 1: high-resolution spectroscopy of the TESS southern continuous viewing zone
• TESS Spots a Compact System of Super-Earths around the Naked-Eye Star HR 858
• Searching the Entirety of Kepler Data. II. Occurrence Rate Estimates for FGK Stars
• The Galactic Disc in Action Space as seen by Gaia DR2
• Overabundance of alpha-elements in exoplanet host stars
• Kepler-78 and the Ultra-Short-Period Planets
• A giant impact as the likely origin of different twins in the Kepler-107 exoplanet system
• An image of the dust sublimation region in the nucleus of NGC 1068
• Scaling K2. I. Revised Parameters for 222,088 K2 Stars and a K2 Planet Radius Valley at 1.9 $R_{\oplus }$
• New planetary and EB candidates from Campaigns 1-6 of the K2 mission
• The AMBRE project: The thick thin disk and thin thick disk of the Milky Way
• A new class of Super-Earths formed from high-temperature condensates: HD219134 b, 55 Cnc e, WASP-47 e
• Constraining planet structure and composition from stellar chemistry: trends in different stellar populations
• Homogeneous Analysis of Hot Earths: Masses, Sizes, and Compositions
• Influence of sub- and super-solar metallicities on the compositions of solid planetary building blocks
• Heavy metal rules. I. Exoplanet incidence and metallicity
• On the Frequency of Jupiter Analogs
• Seeing double with K2: Testing re-inflation with two remarkably similar planets around red giant branch stars
• NGTS-4b: A sub-Neptune Transiting in the Desert
• Absence of a metallicity effect for ultra-short-period planets
• Determining Habitability: Which exoEarths should we search for life?
• TESS delivers its first Earth-sized planet and a warm sub-Neptune
• From dense hot Jupiter to low-density Neptune: The discovery of WASP-127b, WASP-136b and WASP-138b
• 60 Validated Planets from K2 Campaigns 5-8
• Occurrence and Architecture of Kepler Planetary Systems as Functions of Stellar Mass and Effective Temperature
• The K2-HERMES Survey: Age and Metallicity of the Thick Disc
• The orbital phases and secondary transit of Kepler-10b - A physical interpretation based on the Lava-ocean planet model -
• Large dust grains in the inner region of circumstellar disks
• 44 Validated Planets from K2 Campaign 10
• K2-97b: A (Re-?)Inflated Planet Orbiting a Red Giant Star
• HAT-P-65b and HAT-P-66b: Two Transiting Inflated Hot Jupiters and Observational Evidence for the Re-Inflation of Close-In Giant Planets
• K2-141 b: A 5-M${}_{\oplus }$ super-Earth transiting a K7 V star every 6.7 hours
• NLTE Chemical abundances in Galactic open and globular clusters
• Detection of Hundreds of New Planet Candidates and Eclipsing Binaries in K2 Campaigns 0-8
• The discovery and mass measurement of a new ultra-short-period planet: EPIC~228732031b
• Enhanced constraints on the interior composition and structure of terrestrial exoplanets
• K2-106, a system containing a metal-rich planet and a planet of lower density
• WASP-21b: a hot-Saturn exoplanet transiting a thick disc star
• Super-Earth of 8 Mearth in a 2.2-day orbit around the K5V star K2-216
• TOI-677 b: A Warm Jupiter (P=11.2d) on an eccentric orbit transiting a late F-type star
• A Jovian planet in an eccentric 11.5 day orbit around HD1397 discovered by TESS
• Do Metal-Rich Stars Make Metal-Rich Planets? New Insights on Giant Planet Formation from Host Star Abundances
• TOI-257b (HD 19916b): A Warm sub-Saturn Orbiting an Evolved F-type Star
• HATS-60b - HATS-69b: Ten Transiting Planets From HATSouth
• The TESS-Keck Survey II: An Ultra-Short Period Rocky Planet and its Siblings Transiting the Galactic Thick-Disk Star TOI-561
• The influence of bulk composition on long-term interior-atmosphere evolution of terrestrial exoplanets
• Search for giant planets in M67 IV: survey results
• HAT-P-67b: An Extremely Low Density Saturn Transiting an F-Subgiant Confirmed via Doppler Tomography
• The K2-HERMES Survey. I. Planet Candidate Properties from K2 Campaigns 1-3
• Planet Candidates from K2 Campaigns 5-8 and Follow-Up Optical Spectroscopy
• Planets Across Space and Time (PAST). I. Characterizing the Memberships of Galactic Components and Stellar Ages: Revisiting the Kinematic Methods and Applying to Planet Host Stars
• Mass and Eccentricity Constraints in the WASP-47 Planetary System from a Simultaneous Analysis of Radial Velocities & Transit Timing Variations
• TKS X: Confirmation of TOI-1444b and a Comparative Analysis of the Ultra-short-period Planets with Hot Neptunes
• Modelling the atmosphere of lava planet K2-141b: implications for low and high resolution spectroscopy
• TESS Delivers Five New Hot Giant Planets Orbiting Bright Stars from the Full Frame Images
• Low albedos of hot to ultra-hot Jupiters in the optical to near-infrared transition regime
• The [Y/Mg] clock works for evolved solar metallicity stars
• LHS 1815b: The First Thick-Disk Planet Detected By TESS
• 37 New Validated Planets in Overlapping K2 Campaigns
• Doppler Monitoring of the WASP-47 Multiplanet System
• Know thy star, know thy planet: Chemo-kinematically characterizing TESS targets
• Detectability of Exoplanet Periastron Passage in the Infra-Red
• A Recommendation Algorithm to Predict Giant Exoplanet Host Stars Using Stellar Elemental Abundances
• Average Albedos of Close-in Super-Earths and Neptunes from Statistical Analysis of Long Cadence Kepler Secondary Eclipse Data
• Three planets transiting the evolved star EPIC 249893012: a hot 8.8-M${}_{\oplus }$ super-Earth and two warm 14.7 and 10.2-M${}_{\oplus }$ sub-Neptunes
• Tidally-Distorted, Iron-Enhanced Exoplanets Closely Orbiting Their Stars
• The GALAH Survey: Using Galactic Archaeology to Refine our Knowledge of TESS Target Stars
• Exploring Super-Earth Surfaces: Albedo of Near-Airless Magma Ocean Planets and Topography
• The Dark Planets of the WASP-47 Planetary System
• K2-HERMES II. Planet-candidate properties from K2 Campaigns 1-13
• Revisiting the Architecture of the KOI-89 System

Cited by in corpus (1)

• TOI-1075 b: A Dense, Massive, Ultra-Short Period Hot Super-Earth Straddling the Radius Gap