Transit Timing Observations from Kepler: VII. Confirmation of 27 planets in 13 multiplanet systems via Transit Timing Variations and orbital stability

Abstract

We confirm 27 planets in 13 planetary systems by showing the existence of statistically significant anti-correlated transit timing variations (TTVs), which demonstrates that the planet candidates are in the same system, and long-term dynamical stability, which places limits on the masses of the candidates---showing that they are planetary. %This overall method of planet confirmation was first applied to \kepler systems 23 through 32. All of these newly confirmed planetary systems have orbital periods that place them near first-order mean motion resonances (MMRs), including 6 systems near the 2:1 MMR, 5 near 3:2, and one each near 4:3, 5:4, and 6:5. In addition, several unconfirmed planet candidates exist in some systems (that cannot be confirmed with this method at this time). A few of these candidates would also be near first order MMRs with either the confirmed planets or with other candidates. One system of particular interest, Kepler-56 (KOI-1241), is a pair of planets orbiting a 12th magnitude, giant star with radius over three times that of the Sun and effective temperature of 4900 K---among the largest stars known to host a transiting exoplanetary system.

12 pages, 13 figures, 5 tables. Submitted to MNRAS

References in corpus (6)

• DHP Framework: Digital Health Passports Using Blockchain -- Use case on international tourism during the COVID-19 pandemic
• Migration and the formation of systems of hot super-Earths and Neptunes
• Kepler constraints on planets near hot Jupiters
• Modeling Kepler transit light curves as false positives: Rejection of blend scenarios for Kepler-9, and validation of Kepler-9d, a super-Earth-size planet in a multiple system
• Five Kepler target stars that show multiple transiting exoplanet candidates
• On the evolution of the resonant planetary system HD128311

Cited by in corpus (145)

• The PLATO 2.0 Mission
• The Occurrence Rate of Small Planets around Small Stars
• Masses, Radii, and Orbits of Small Kepler Planets: The Transition from Gaseous to Rocky Planets
• False positive probabilties for all Kepler Objects of Interest: 1284 newly validated planets and 428 likely false positives
• Ages and fundamental properties of Kepler exoplanet host stars from asteroseismology
• Friends of Hot Jupiters I: A Radial Velocity Search for Massive, Long-Period Companions to Close-In Gas Giant Planets
• Can we constrain interior structure of rocky exoplanets from mass and radius measurements?
• Stellar Spin-Orbit Misalignment in a Multiplanet System
• Eccentricity from transit photometry: small planets in Kepler multi-planet systems have low eccentricities
• Breeding Super-Earths and Birthing Super-Puffs in Transitional Disks
• SOPHIE velocimetry of Kepler transit candidates XVII. The physical properties of giant exoplanets within 400 days of period
• About 30% of Sun-like Stars Have Kepler-like Planetary Systems: A Study of their Intrinsic Architecture
• Exploring Exoplanet Populations with NASA's Kepler Mission
• Densities and Eccentricities of 139 Kepler Planets from Transit Time Variations
• Validation of Kepler's Multiple Planet Candidates. II: Refined Statistical Framework and Descriptions of Systems of Special Interest
• Density and Eccentricity of Kepler Planets
• Kepler Planet Masses and Eccentricities from TTV Analysis
• Hubble Space Telescope Near-IR Transmission Spectroscopy of the Super-Earth HD 97658b
• Transit Timing Observations from Kepler. IX. Catalog of the Full Long-Cadence Data Set
• Very Low-Density Planets around Kepler-51 Revealed with Transit Timing Variations and an Anomaly Similar to a Planet-Planet Eclipse Event
• Asteroseismic determination of obliquities of the exoplanet systems Kepler-50 and Kepler-65
• Transit Timing Observations from Kepler. VIII Catalog of Transit Timing Measurements of the First Twelve Quarters
• Eclipse Timing Variation Analyses of Eccentric Binaries with Close Tertiaries in the Kepler field
• Oscillation frequencies for 35 \Kepler solar-type planet-hosting stars using Bayesian techniques and machine learning
• Four newborn planets transiting the young solar analog V1298 Tau
• Influence of Stellar Multiplicity On Planet Formation. I. Evidence of Suppressed Planet Formation Due to Stellar Companions Within 20 AU and Validation of Four Planets From the Kepler Multiple Planet Candidates
• Constraining Exoplanet Mass from Transmission Spectroscopy
• Towards the Minimum Inner Edge Distance of the Habitable Zone
• Secure TTV Mass Measurements: Ten Kepler Exoplanets between 3 and 8 Earth Masses with Diverse Densities and Incident Fluxes
• The destruction of inner planetary systems during high-eccentricity migration of gas giants
• The Planetary System to KIC 11442793: A Compact Analogue to the Solar System
• The Featureless Transmission Spectra of Two Super-Puff Planets
• Transit Timing Variation of Near-Resonance Planetary Pairs. II. Confirmation of 30 planets in 15 Multiple Planet Systems
• Planetesimal Interactions Can Explain the Mysterious Period Ratios of Small Near-Resonant Planets
• Stealing the Gas: Giant Impacts and the Large Diversity in Exoplanet Densities
• Predicting the long-term stability of compact multiplanet systems
• Mass-Radius Relations and Core-Envelope Decompositions of Super-Earths and Sub-Neptunes
• A Metallicity Recipe for Rocky Planets
• Transit Timing Variation Measurements of WASP-12b and Qatar-1b: No Evidence for Additional Planets
• Transit Timing Variation of Near-Resonance Planetary Pairs: Confirmation of Twelve Multiple Planet Systems
• Condition for Capture into First-order Mean Motion Resonances and Application to Constraints on Origin of Resonant Systems
• Red Giants in Eclipsing Binary and Multiple-Star Systems: Modeling and Asteroseismic Analysis of 70 Candidates from Kepler Data
• The Boundary between Gas-rich and Gas-poor Planets
• Transit timing to first order in eccentricity
• Low False-Positive Rate of Kepler Candidates Estimated From A Combination Of Spitzer And Follow-Up Observations
• Radial velocity follow-up of GJ1132 with HARPS. A precise mass for planet 'b' and the discovery of a second planet
• Precision radial velocities of 15 M5 - M9 dwarfs
• A Machine Learns to Predict the Stability of Tightly Packed Planetary Systems
• Diffuser-Assisted Infrared Transit Photometry for Four Dynamically Interacting \textit{Kepler} Systems
• The Compositional Diversity of Low-Mass Exoplanets
• Kepler-432 b: a massive planet in a highly eccentric orbit transiting a red giant
• Architectures of Planetary Systems and Implications for their Formation
• The Densities of Planets in Multiple Stellar Systems
• Multiple planets or exomoons in Kepler hot Jupiter systems with transit timing variations?
• A pair of Sub-Neptunes transiting the bright K-dwarf TOI-1064 characterised with CHEOPS
• HATS-2b: A transiting extrasolar planet orbiting a K-type star showing starspot activity
• A Detailed Analysis of the HD 73526 2:1 Resonant Planetary System
• Resonant periodic orbits in the exoplanetary systems
• The Kepler Giant Planet Search. I: A Decade of Kepler Planet-host Radial Velocities from W. M. Keck Observatory
• Analytical model of multi-planetary resonant chains and constraints on migration scenarios
• Utilizing Small Telescopes Operated by Citizen Scientists for Transiting Exoplanet Follow-up
• The Orbit and Mass of the Third Planet in the Kepler-56 System
• A Compact Multi-Planet System With A Significantly Misaligned Ultra Short Period Planet
• Stellar ages, masses and radii from asteroseismic modeling are robust to systematic errors in spectroscopy
• Transit timing variation and transmission spectroscopy analyses of the hot Neptune GJ3470b
• Three Small Planets Transiting a Hyades Star
• The Eccentricity Distribution of Short-Period Planet Candidates Detected by Kepler in Occultation
• Mutual Orbital Inclinations Between Cold Jupiters and Inner Super-Earths
• Three red giants with substellar-mass companions
• Caught in the Act: Core-powered Mass-loss Predictions for Observing Atmospheric Escape
• A resonant pair of warm giant planets revealed by TESS
• Simultaneous follow-up of planetary transits: revised physical properties for the planetary systems HAT-P-16 and WASP-21
• Asymmetric Orbital Distribution near Mean Motion Resonance: Application to Planets Observed by Kepler and Radial Velocities
• Resonance Capture and Dynamics of 3-Planet Systems
• Kepler-210: An active star with at least two planets
• Spitzer Observations of Exoplanets Discovered with The Kepler K2 Mission
• A spectral approach to transit timing variations
• TOI-1130: A photodynamical analysis of a hot Jupiter in resonance with an inner low-mass planet
• Three body resonances in close orbiting planetary systems: Tidal dissipation and orbital evolution
• Oscillations of Relative Inclination Angles in Compact Extrasolar Planetary Systems
• TOI-2525 b and c: A pair of massive warm giant planets with a strong transit timing variations revealed by TESS
• Fly-by encounters between two planetary systems II: Exploring the interactions of diverse planetary system architectures
• Eight Planets in Four Multi-planet Systems via Transit Timing Variations in 1350 Days
• Three Pathways for Observed Resonant Chains
• Spin evolution of Earth-sized exoplanets, including atmospheric tides and core-mantle friction
• Science Extraction from TESS Observations of Known Exoplanet Hosts
• Fundamental limits from chaos on instability time predictions in compact planetary systems
• Did Jupiter's core form in the innermost parts of the Sun's protoplanetary disk?
• Stability Boundaries for Resonant Migrating Planet Pairs
• GJ357: A low-mass planetary system uncovered by precision radial-velocities and dynamical simulations
• The APOGEE Spectroscopic Survey of Kepler Planet Hosts: Feasibility, Efficiency, and First Results
• Transiting Exoplanet Monitoring Project (TEMP). II. Refined System Parameters and Transit Timing Analysis of HAT-P-33b
• Resonant Chains of Exoplanets: Libration Centers for Three-body Angles
• Transiting exoplanets from the CoRoT space mission: XXVI. CoRoT-24: A transiting multi-planet system
• How the presence of a gas giant affects the formation of mean-motion resonances between two low-mass planets in a locally isothermal gaseous disc
• Transiting Exoplanet Monitoring Project (TEMP). I. Refined System Parameters and Transit Timing Variations of HAT-P-29b
• On the potentially dramatic history of the super-Earth rho 55 Cancri e
• Transit Probabilities in Secularly Evolving Planetary Systems
• Revisiting the Kepler field with TESS: Improved ephemerides using TESS 2min data
• Kepler's Missing Planets
• TESS Observations of Kepler systems with Transit Timing Variations
• Effect of Core Cooling on the Radius of Sub-Neptune Planets
• Stability Constrained Characterization of Multiplanet Systems
• The LHS 1678 System: Two Earth-Sized Transiting Planets and an Astrometric Companion Orbiting an M Dwarf Near the Convective Boundary at 20 pc
• The shared evaporation history of three sub-Neptunes spanning the radius-period valley of a Hyades star
• Consequences of tidal interaction between disks and orbiting protoplanets for the evolution of multi-planet systems with architecture resembling that of Kepler 444
• Global Analysis of KOI-977: Spectroscopy, Asteroseismology, and Phase-curve Analysis
• Close-in planets around giant stars. Lack of hot-Jupiters and prevalence of multi-planetary systems
• Stability Constrained Characterization of the 23 Myr-old V1298 Tau System: Do Young Planets Form in Mean Motion Resonance Chains?
• Seismic analysis of HD43587Aa, a solar-like oscillator in a multiple system
• Departure from the Exact Location of Mean Motion Resonances Induced by the Gas Disk in the Systems Observed by Kepler
• A young progenitor for the most common planetary systems in the Galaxy
• Similarity indexing of exoplanets in search for potential habitability: application to Mars-like worlds
• VaTEST I: Validation of Sub-Saturn Exoplanet TOI-181b in Narrow Orbit from its Host Star
• Shifting of the resonance location for planets embedded in circumstellar disks
• On the origin of the eccentricity dichotomy displayed by compact super-Earths: dynamical heating by cold giants
• Tidal interactions shape period ratios in planetary systems with three-body resonant chains
• Pre-discovery transits of the exoplanets WASP-18 b and WASP-33 b from Hipparcos
• Circumstellar dust distribution in systems with two planets in resonance
• Periodic orbits in the 1:2:3 resonant chain and their impact on the orbital dynamics of the Kepler-51 planetary system
• exoMMR: a New Python Package to Confirm and Characterize Mean Motion Resonances
• Gemini-GRACES high-quality spectra of Kepler evolved stars with transiting planets I. Detailed characterization of multi-planet systems Kepler-278 and Kepler-391
• The GALAH Survey: Improving our understanding of confirmed and candidate planetary systems with large stellar surveys
• A super-Earth and a mini-Neptune around Kepler-59
• Kepler Object of Interest Network III. Kepler-82f: A new non-transiting $21 M_\bigoplus$ planet from photodynamical modelling
• Earth Similarity Index and Habitability Studies of Exoplanets
• Space based microlensing planet searches
• Formation of Super-Earths
• Transits of Planets with Small Intervals in Circumbinary Systems
• Quantifying the Impact of Starspot-Crossing Events on Retrieved Parameters from Transit Lightcurves
• On the 9:7 Mean Motion Resonance Capture in a System of Two Equal-mass Super-Earths
• The discovery and legacy of Kepler's multi-transiting planetary systems
• A simple model to describe intrinsic stellar noise for exoplanet detection around red giants
• Engulfment of a hot Jupiter as a possible origin of the rapid spin and internal spin misalignment of the planet-hosting red giant Kepler-56
• A Criterion for the Onset of Chaos in Compact, Eccentric Multiplanet Systems
• ASTEP confirmation of a pair of long-period Jupiter-sized planets with extremely low densities transiting TOI-791
• Orbital stability of compact three-planet systems III. The role of three-body resonances
• The Occurrence-weighted Median Planets Discovered by Transit Surveys Orbiting Solar-type Stars and Their Implications for Planet Formation and Evolution
• The impact of photospheric brightness field on exoplanetary transit timings and the TTV excess of HD 189733 b
• The TESS-Keck Survey. XI. Mass Measurements for Four Transiting sub-Neptunes orbiting K dwarf TOI-1246
• TOI-1438: A rare system with two short-period sub-Neptunes and a tentative long-period Jupiter-like planet orbiting a K0V star
• How to measure tidal dissipation in long resonant chains
• Application of the Shannon entropy in the planar (non-restricted) four-body problem: the long-term stability of the Kepler-60 exoplanetary system
• Influence of Modeling Assumptions on the Inferred Dynamical State of Resonant Systems: A Case Study of the HD 45364 System
• A Multi-Planet System's Sole Super-Puff: Exploring Allowable Physical Parameters for the Cold Super-Puff HIP 41378 f