Masses, Radii, and Orbits of Small Kepler Planets: The Transition from Gaseous to Rocky Planets

Abstract

We report on the masses, sizes, and orbits of the planets orbiting 22 Kepler stars. There are 49 planet candidates around these stars, including 42 detected through transits and 7 revealed by precise Doppler measurements of the host stars. Based on an analysis of the Kepler brightness measurements, along with high-resolution imaging and spectroscopy, Doppler spectroscopy, and (for 11 stars) asteroseismology, we establish low false-positive probabilities for all of the transiting planets (41 of 42 have a false-positive probability under 1%), and we constrain their sizes and masses. Most of the transiting planets are smaller than 3X the size of Earth. For 16 planets, the Doppler signal was securely detected, providing a direct measurement of the planet's mass. For the other 26 planets we provide either marginal mass measurements or upper limits to their masses and densities; in many cases we can rule out a rocky composition. We identify 6 planets with densities above 5 g/cc, suggesting a mostly rocky interior for them. Indeed, the only planets that are compatible with a purely rocky composition are smaller than ~2 R_earth. Larger planets evidently contain a larger fraction of low-density material (H, He, and H2O).

94 pages, 55 figures, 25 tables. Accepted by ApJS

References in corpus (13)

• The UKIRT Infrared Deep Sky Survey (UKIDSS)
• Mass-Radius Relationships for Solid Exoplanets
• The Occurrence and Mass Distribution of Close-in Super-Earths, Neptunes, and Jupiters
• KEPLER's First Rocky Planet: Kepler-10b
• Improved parameters for extrasolar transiting planets
• A New Planet Around an M Dwarf: Revealing a Correlation Between Exoplanets and Stellar Mass
• Detailed Models of super-Earths: How well can we infer bulk properties?
• The Mass of KOI-94d and a Relation for Planet Radius, Mass, and Incident Flux
• Modeling Kepler transit light curves as false positives: Rejection of blend scenarios for Kepler-9, and validation of Kepler-9d, a super-Earth-size planet in a multiple system
• Kepler-62: A five-planet system with planets of 1.4 and 1.6 Earth radii in the Habitable Zone
• Misaligned spin-orbit in the XO-3 planetary system?
• SOPHIE velocimetry of Kepler transit candidates VII. A false-positive rate of 35% for Kepler close-in giant exoplanet candidates
• The M Dwarf GJ 436 and its Neptune-Mass Planet

Cited by in corpus (337)

• The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite
• The K2 Mission: Characterization and Early results
• The California-Kepler Survey. III. A Gap in the Radius Distribution of Small Planets
• The Occurrence and Architecture of Exoplanetary Systems
• Most 1.6 Earth-Radius Planets are not Rocky
• The evaporation valley in the Kepler planets
• Improving PARSEC models for very low mass stars
• Probabilistic Forecasting of the Masses and Radii of Other Worlds
• The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite: Simulations of planet detections and astrophysical false positives
• The California Kepler Survey VII. Precise Planet Radii Leveraging Gaia DR2 Reveal the Stellar Mass Dependence of the Planet Radius Gap
• Validation of Kepler's Multiple Planet Candidates. III: Light Curve Analysis & Announcement of Hundreds of New Multi-planet Systems
• Core-powered mass loss and the radius distribution of small exoplanets
• False positive probabilties for all Kepler Objects of Interest: 1284 newly validated planets and 428 likely false positives
• Planetary Candidates Observed by Kepler. VIII. A Fully Automated Catalog With Measured Completeness and Reliability Based on Data Release 25
• A Gaussian process framework for modelling stellar activity signals in radial velocity data
• Ages and fundamental properties of Kepler exoplanet host stars from asteroseismology
• State of the Field: Extreme Precision Radial Velocities
• Identifying Exoplanets with Deep Learning: A Five Planet Resonant Chain around Kepler-80 and an Eighth Planet around Kepler-90
• The California-Kepler Survey. IV. Metal-rich Stars Host a Greater Diversity of Planets
• Three regimes of extrasolar planets inferred from host star metallicities
• The California-Kepler Survey V. Peas in a Pod: Planets in a Kepler Multi-planet System are Similar in Size and Regularly Spaced
• The California-Kepler Survey. I. High Resolution Spectroscopy of 1305 Stars Hosting Kepler Transiting Planets
• Understanding The Effects Of Stellar Multiplicity On The Derived Planet Radii From Transit Surveys: Implications for Kepler, K2, and TESS
• Eccentricity from transit photometry: small planets in Kepler multi-planet systems have low eccentricities
• Revised Stellar Properties of Kepler Targets for the Q1-17 (DR25) Transit Detection Run
• Trumpeting M Dwarfs with CONCH-SHELL: a Catalog of Nearby Cool Host-Stars for Habitable ExopLanets and Life
• Breeding Super-Earths and Birthing Super-Puffs in Transitional Disks
• Limits on Planetary Companions from Doppler Surveys of Nearby Stars
• Compositional imprints in density-distance-time: a rocky composition for close-in low-mass exoplanets from the location of the valley of evaporation
• Planetary Candidates Observed by Kepler VI: Planet Sample from Q1-Q16 (47 Months)
• About 30% of Sun-like Stars Have Kepler-like Planetary Systems: A Study of their Intrinsic Architecture
• The Kepler Follow-Up Observation Program. I. A Catalog of Companions to Kepler Stars from High-Resolution Imaging
• Probabilistic Mass-Radius Relationship for Sub-Neptune-Sized Planets
• The orbital eccentricity of small planet systems
• Exploring Exoplanet Populations with NASA's Kepler Mission
• Revisited Mass-Radius relations for exoplanets below 120 Earth masses
• Validation of Kepler's Multiple Planet Candidates. II: Refined Statistical Framework and Descriptions of Systems of Special Interest
• Atmospheres of low-mass planets: the "boil-off"
• The Mass of Kepler-93b and The Composition of Terrestrial Planets
• Evolutionary Analysis of Gaseous Sub-Neptune-Mass Planets with MESA
• Kepler Planet Masses and Eccentricities from TTV Analysis
• Planetary Candidates from the First Year of the K2 Mission
• Exoplanetary Atmospheres - Chemistry, Formation Conditions, and Habitability
• Hubble Space Telescope Near-IR Transmission Spectroscopy of the Super-Earth HD 97658b
• Signatures of the Core-Powered Mass-Loss Mechanism in the Exoplanet Population: Dependence on Stellar Properties and Observational Predictions
• Transit Timing Observations from Kepler. IX. Catalog of the Full Long-Cadence Data Set
• Multiple Disk Gaps and Rings Generated by a Single Super-Earth
• An Excess of Jupiter Analogs in Super-Earth Systems
• The Super Earth-Cold Jupiter Relations
• Planetary Candidates Observed by Kepler V: Planet Sample from Q1-Q12 (36 Months)
• Stellar obliquities in exoplanetary systems
• The California-Kepler Survey. II. Precise Physical Properties of 2025 Kepler Planets and Their Host Stars
• The Kepler-10 planetary system revisited by HARPS-N: A hot rocky world and a solid Neptune-mass planet
• Challenges in Planet Formation
• A nearby M star with three transiting super-Earths discovered by K2
• Oscillation frequencies for 35 \Kepler solar-type planet-hosting stars using Bayesian techniques and machine learning
• How formation time-scales affect the period dependence of the transition between rocky super-Earths and gaseous sub-Neptunes and implications for ${\eta }_{\oplus }$
• Hot super-Earths and giant planet cores from different migration histories
• Secure TTV Mass Measurements: Ten Kepler Exoplanets between 3 and 8 Earth Masses with Diverse Densities and Incident Fluxes
• Influence of Stellar Multiplicity On Planet Formation. II. Planets Are Less Common in Multiple-Star Systems with Separations Smaller than 1500 AU
• Stellar Evidence that the Solar Dynamo may be in Transition
• Global Models of Planet Formation and Evolution
• High-resolution imaging of $Kepler$ planet host candidates. A comprehensive comparison of different techniques
• Validation of Twelve Small Kepler Transiting Planets in the Habitable Zone
• The In Situ Formation of Giant Planets at Short Orbital Periods
• Activity indicators and stellar parameters of the Kepler targets. An application of the ROTFIT pipeline to LAMOST-Kepler stellar spectra
• A Dynamical Analysis of the Kepler-80 System of Five Transiting Planets
• Planetary system around the nearby M dwarf GJ 357 including a transiting, hot, Earth-sized planet optimal for atmospheric characterization
• The mass of the Mars-sized exoplanet Kepler-138 b from transit timing
• Most Sub-Arcsecond Companions of Kepler Exoplanet Candidate Host Stars are Gravitationally Bound
• Nearly-uniform internal rotation of solar-like main-sequence stars revealed by space-based asteroseismology and spectroscopic measurements
• The HARPS search for southern extra-solar planets. XXXVIII. Bayesian re-analysis of three systems. New super-Earths, unconfirmed signals, and magnetic cycles
• Mass and Mass Scalings of Super-Earths
• Hydrodynamics of embedded planets' first atmospheres - III. The role of radiation transport for super-Earth planets
• Kepler-445, Kepler-446 and the Occurrence of Compact Multiples Orbiting Mid-M Dwarf Stars
• Cold Jupiters and improved masses in 38 Kepler and K2 small planet systems from 3661 HARPS-N radial velocities. No excess of cold Jupiters in small planet systems
• Habitability of Terrestrial-Mass Planets in the HZ of M Dwarfs. I. H/He-Dominated Atmospheres
• Advances in exoplanet science from Kepler
• Stealing the Gas: Giant Impacts and the Large Diversity in Exoplanet Densities
• Planetesimal Interactions Can Explain the Mysterious Period Ratios of Small Near-Resonant Planets
• Grain opacity and the bulk composition of extrasolar planets. II. An analytical model for the grain opacity in protoplanetary atmospheres
• Determination of Three-dimensional Spin-orbit Angle with Joint Analysis of Asteroseismology, Transit Lightcurve, and the Rossiter-McLaughlin Effect: Cases of HAT-P-7 and Kepler-25
• Migration-driven diversity of super-Earth compositions
• The stability of tightly-packed, evenly-spaced systems of Earth-mass planets orbiting a Sun-like star
• Dynamical evidence for an early giant planet instability
• Correcting the spectroscopic surface gravity using transits and asteroseismology. No significant effect on temperatures or metallicities with ARES+MOOG in LTE
• Occurrence and core-envelope structure of 1--4x Earth-size planets around Sun-like stars
• Mass-Radius Relations and Core-Envelope Decompositions of Super-Earths and Sub-Neptunes
• Characterizing K2 Planet Discoveries: A super-Earth transiting the bright K-dwarf HIP 116454
• Direct detection of exoplanets in the 3 -- 10 micron range with E-ELT/METIS
• High-efficiency Autonomous Laser Adaptive Optics
• A Metallicity Recipe for Rocky Planets
• A pair of TESS planets spanning the radius valley around the nearby mid-M dwarf LTT 3780
• Chemical Fingerprints of Formation in Rocky Super-Earths' Data
• Two Transiting Earth-size Planets Near Resonance Orbiting a Nearby Cool Star
• Three's Company: An additional non-transiting super-Earth in the bright HD 3167 system, and masses for all three planets
• Grain opacity and the bulk composition of extrasolar planets. I. Results from scaling the ISM opacity
• Four Sub-Saturns with Dissimilar Densities: Windows into Planetary Cores and Envelopes
• Discovery of a Third Transiting Planet in the Kepler-47 Circumbinary System
• SOPHIE velocimetry of Kepler transit candidates XII. KOI-1257 b: a highly eccentric three-month period transiting exoplanet
• Ultra-short-period planets from secular chaos
• Hydrodynamics of Embedded Planets' First Atmospheres. I. A Centrifugal Growth Barrier for 2D Flows
• Primordial Radius Gap and Potentially Broad Core Mass Distributions of Super-Earths and Sub-Neptunes
• Dynamical rearrangement of super-Earths during disk dispersal I. Outline of the magnetospheric rebound model
• The SOPHIE search for northern extrasolar planets VIII. A warm Neptune orbiting HD164595
• Formation, Orbital and Internal Evolutions of Young Planetary Systems
• The Planetary Mass-Radius Relation and its Dependence on Orbital Period as Measured by Transit Timing Variations and Radial Velocities
• Understanding the Impacts of Stellar Companions on Planet Formation and Evolution: A Survey of Stellar and Planetary Companions within 25 pc
• Chemistry in Disks X: The Molecular Content of Proto-planetary Disks in Taurus
• Accretion of Uranus and Neptune from inward-migrating planetary embryos blocked by Jupiter and Saturn
• Testing exoplanet evaporation with multi-transiting systems
• The Boundary between Gas-rich and Gas-poor Planets
• K2 Discovers a Busy Bee: An Unusual Transiting Neptune Found in the Beehive Cluster
• Spin-orbit alignment of exoplanet systems: ensemble analysis using asteroseismology
• Low False-Positive Rate of Kepler Candidates Estimated From A Combination Of Spitzer And Follow-Up Observations
• Accretion and Evolution of ~2.5 Earth-mass Planets with Voluminous H/He Envelopes
• Astrometric Confirmation and Preliminary Orbital Parameters of the Young Exoplanet 51 Eridani b with the Gemini Planet Imager
• Robo-AO Kepler Planetary Candidate Survey II: Adaptive Optics Imaging of 969 Kepler Exoplanet Candidate Host Stars
• DREAM I. Orbital architecture orrery
• High-resolution Multi-band Imaging for Validation and Characterization of Small Kepler Planets
• Simulated JWST/NIRISS Transit Spectroscopy of Anticipated TESS Planets Compared to Select Discoveries from Space-Based and Ground-Based Surveys
• On the detection of Exomoons: A search in Kepler data for the orbital sampling effect and the scatter peak
• Properties and occurrence rates of $Kepler$ exoplanet candidates as a function of host star metallicity from the DR25 catalog
• The Compositional Diversity of Low-Mass Exoplanets
• Terrestrial Planet Formation in the Presence of Migrating Super-earths
• Kepler-93b: A Terrestrial World Measured to within 120 km, and a Test Case for a New Spitzer Observing Mode
• Formation, tidal evolution and habitability of the Kepler-186 system
• Robo-AO Kepler Planetary Candidate Survey III: Adaptive Optics Imaging of 1629 Kepler Exoplanet Candidate Host Stars
• Three Super-Earths Orbiting HD 7924
• Kepler-432 b: a massive planet in a highly eccentric orbit transiting a red giant
• What are little worlds made of? Stellar abundances and the building blocks of planets
• Hiding Planets Behind a Big Friend: Mutual Inclinations of Multi-Planet Systems with External Companions
• The Densities of Planets in Multiple Stellar Systems
• Assessing the Effect of Stellar Companions from High-Resolution Imaging of Kepler Objects of Interest
• Detection of Hundreds of New Planet Candidates and Eclipsing Binaries in K2 Campaigns 0-8
• Creating the Radius Gap without Mass Loss
• New Formation Models for the Kepler-36 System
• Precise Masses in the WASP-47 System
• Revised Masses and Densities of the Planets around Kepler-10
• Effects of Unseen Additional Planetary Perturbers on Compact Extrasolar Planetary Systems
• The Solar System as an Exoplanetary System
• Predicting Exoplanets Mass and Radius: A Nonparametric Approach
• ARES V: No Evidence For Molecular Absorption in the HST WFC3 Spectrum of GJ 1132 b
• Stellar magnetic activity and variability of oscillation parameters - An investigation of 24 solar-like stars observed by Kepler
• Spitzer Secondary Eclipse Observations of Five Cool Gas Giant Planets and Empirical Trends in Cool Planet Emission Spectra
• A pair of Sub-Neptunes transiting the bright K-dwarf TOI-1064 characterised with CHEOPS
• Characterizing the Cool KOIs. VI. H- and K-band Spectra of Kepler M Dwarf Planet-Candidate Hosts
• Solar System Physics for Exoplanet Research
• Evolutionary Models of Super-Earths and Mini-Neptunes Incorporating Cooling and Mass Loss
• Tests of In-Situ Formation Scenarios for Compact Multiplanet Systems
• An Overabundance of Low-density Neptune-like Planets
• Asteroseismic modelling of solar-type stars: internal systematics from input physics and surface correction methods
• Tidal Inflation Reconciles Low-Density Sub-Saturns with Core Accretion
• High-energy irradiation and mass loss rates of hot Jupiters in the solar neighborhood
• The Kepler Giant Planet Search. I: A Decade of Kepler Planet-host Radial Velocities from W. M. Keck Observatory
• A Joint Mass-Radius-Period Distribution of Exoplanets
• A Granulation "Flicker"-based Measure of Stellar Surface Gravity
• Hubble Space Telescope High Resolution Imaging of Kepler Small and Cool Exoplanet Host Stars
• How planets grow by pebble accretion II: Analytical calculations on the evolution of polluted envelopes
• The HADES RV Programme with HARPS-N@TNG II. Data treatment and simulations
• HADES RV Programme with HARPS-N at TNG XV. Planetary occurrence rates around early-M dwarfs
• Dynamically hot Super-Earths from outer giant planet scattering
• Doppler Monitoring of five K2 Transiting Planetary Systems
• Chemical Diversity of Super-Earths As a Consequence of Formation
• Detailed Abundances of Stars with Small Planets Discovered by Kepler I: The First Sample
• Revisiting the correlation between stellar activity and planetary surface gravity
• Stellar ages, masses and radii from asteroseismic modeling are robust to systematic errors in spectroscopy
• Adaptive Optics Images III: 87 Kepler Objects of Interest
• Unresolved Binary Exoplanet Host Stars Fit as Single Stars: Effects on the Stellar Parameters
• Physical properties and scaling relations of molecular clouds: the effect of stellar feedback
• The Effect of Orbital Configuration on the Possible Climates and Habitability of Kepler-62f
• A Continuum of Planet Formation Between 1 and 4 Earth Radii
• Water and the interior structure of terrestrial planets and icy bodies
• Efficient Geometric Probabilities of Multi-Transiting Exoplanetary Systems from CORBITS
• Planet Traps and Planetary Cores: Origins of the Planet-Metallicity Correlation
• Robo-AO Kepler Survey IV: the effect of nearby stars on 3857 planetary candidate systems
• Long-Period Giant Companions to Three Compact, Multiplanet Systems
• EPIC 210894022b - A short period super-Earth transiting a metal poor, evolved old star
• Planet Candidates from K2 Campaigns 5-8 and Follow-Up Optical Spectroscopy
• Constraining the entropy of formation from young transiting planets
• Modeling the surface temperature of Earth-like planets
• Revision of Earth-sized Kepler Planet Candidate Properties with High Resolution Imaging by Hubble Space Telescope
• The Kepler Follow-Up Observation Program. II. Stellar Parameters from Medium- and High-Resolution Spectroscopy
• Orbital Parameter Determination for Wide Stellar Binary Systems in the Age of Gaia
• Dynamics and Formation of the Near-Resonant K2-24 System: Insights from Transit-Timing Variations and Radial Velocities
• Can planetary rings explain the extremely low density of HIP 41378f?
• Two Small Transiting Planets and a Possible Third Body Orbiting HD 106315
• A framework for the architecture of exoplanetary systems. I. Four classes of planetary system architecture
• K2-66b and K2-106b: Two extremely hot sub-Neptune-size planets with high densities
• The Magellan PFS Planet Search Program: Radial Velocity and Stellar Abundance Analyses of the 360 AU, Metal-Poor Binary "Twins" HD 133131A & B
• Vulcan Planets: Inside-Out Formation of the Innermost Super-Earths
• Hidden Planetary Friends: On the Stability Of 2-Planet Systems in the Presence of a Distant, Inclined Companion
• Discovery of a hot, transiting, Earth-sized planet and a second temperate, non-transiting planet around the M4 dwarf GJ 3473 (TOI-488)
• The Kepler-454 System: A Small, Not-rocky Inner Planet, a Jovian World, and a Distant Companion
• Choosing a Maximum Drift Rate in a SETI Search: Astrophysical Considerations
• Photometry's bright future: Detecting Solar System analogues with future space telescopes
• The Magellan-TESS Survey I: Survey Description and Mid-Survey Results
• Gaia Data Release 3: A Golden Sample of Astrophysical Parameters
• On the patterns observed in Kepler multi-planet systems
• Proplyds in the Flame Nebula NGC 2024
• Robo-AO Kepler Survey V: The effect of physically associated stellar companions on planetary systems
• TOI-561 b: A Low Density Ultra-Short Period "Rocky" Planet around a Metal-Poor Star
• The Pan-Pacific Planet Search VII: The most eccentric planet orbiting a giant star
• An upper boundary in the mass-metallicity plane of exo-Neptunes
• HD 23472: A multi-planetary system with three super-Earths and two potential super-Mercuries
• Determining the true mass of radial-velocity exoplanets with Gaia: 9 planet candidates in the brown-dwarf/stellar regime and 27 confirmed planets
• Seeding the Formation of Mercurys: An Iron-sensitive Bouncing Barrier in Disk Magnetic Fields
• Evaporation of Low-Mass Planet Atmospheres: Multidimensional Hydrodynamics with Consistent Thermochemistry
• Fundamental properties of Kepler and CoRoT targets: III. Tuning scaling relations using the first adiabatic exponent
• Precise masses for the transiting planetary system HD 106315 with HARPS
• A spectral approach to transit timing variations
• A System of Three Super Earths Transiting the Late K-Dwarf GJ 9827 at Thirty Parsecs
• Oscillations of Relative Inclination Angles in Compact Extrasolar Planetary Systems
• Company for the ultra-high density, ultra-short period sub-Earth GJ 367 b: discovery of two additional low-mass planets at 11.5 and 34 days
• The misaligned orbit of the Earth-sized planet Kepler-408b
• Discovery and Validation of a High-Density sub-Neptune from the K2 Mission
• Fly-by encounters between two planetary systems II: Exploring the interactions of diverse planetary system architectures
• Mass Constraints of the WASP-47 Planetary System from Radial Velocities
• K2-231 b: A sub-Neptune exoplanet transiting a solar twin in Ruprecht 147
• Dynamical instabilities in systems of multiple short-period planets are likely driven by secular chaos: a case study of Kepler-102
• Rocky Planet Formation: Quick and Neat
• Doppler Monitoring of the WASP-47 Multiplanet System
• TOI-132 b: A short-period planet in the Neptune desert transiting a $V=11.3$ G-type star
• Two Small Temperate Planets Transiting Nearby M Dwarfs in K2 Campaigns 0 and 1
• Inner Planetary System Gap Complexity is a Predictor of Outer Giant Planets
• Properties of the radius valley around low mass stars: Predictions from the core-powered mass-loss mechanism
• The Effects of Stellar Companions on Exoplanet Radius Distributions
• HAT-P-56b: An inflated massive Hot Jupiter transiting a bright F star followed up with K2 Campaign 0 observations
• Did Jupiter's core form in the innermost parts of the Sun's protoplanetary disk?
• Revised Exoplanet Radii and Habitability Using Gaia Data Release 2
• Forming Iron-rich Planets with Giant Impacts
• Statistical Eclipses of Close-in Kepler Sub-Saturns
• Spin-orbit alignments for Three Transiting Hot Jupiters: WASP-103b, WASP-87b, & WASP-66b
• Modeling Indications of Technology in Planetary Transit Light Curves -- Dark-side illumination
• A HARPS-N mass for the elusive Kepler-37d: a case study in disentangling stellar activity and planetary signals
• A low-eccentricity migration pathway for a 13-h-period Earth analogue in a four-planet system
• Sculpting the sub-Saturn Occurrence Rate via Atmospheric Mass Loss
• An upper limit on the ratio between the Extreme Ultraviolet and the bolometric luminosities of stars hosting habitable planets
• K2-110 b - a massive mini-Neptune exoplanet
• A possible correlation between planetary radius and orbital period for small planets
• Migration and Growth of Protoplanetary Embryos II: Emergence of Proto-Gas-Giants Cores versus Super Earths' Progenitor
• Kepler's Earth-like Planets Should Not Be Confirmed Without Independent Detection: The Case of Kepler-452b
• DREAM: III.A helium survey in exoplanets on the edge of the hot Neptune desert with GIANO-B@TNG
• Formation of Terrestrial Planets
• Calibration of LAMOST Stellar Surface Gravities Using the Kepler Asteroseismic Data
• In search of radio emission from exoplanets: GMRT observations of the binary system HD~41004
• Kepler-1656b: a Dense Sub-Saturn With an Extreme Eccentricity
• Following up the Kepler field: Masses of Targets for transit timing and atmospheric characterization
• The Bimodal Distribution in Exoplanet Radii: Considering Varying Core Compositions and ${\mathrm{H}}_2$ Envelope's Sizes
• The K2-ESPRINT Project II: Spectroscopic follow-up of three exoplanet systems from Campaign 1 of K2
• Near Mean-motion Resonances in the Systems Observed by Kepler: Affected by Mass Accretion and Type I Migration
• Three planets transiting the evolved star EPIC 249893012: a hot 8.8-M${}_{\oplus }$ super-Earth and two warm 14.7 and 10.2-M${}_{\oplus }$ sub-Neptunes
• Quantifying the Influence of Jupiter on the Earth's Orbital Cycles
• An extreme planetary system around HD219828. One long-period super Jupiter to a hot-neptune host star
• Migration and Growth of Protoplanetary Embryos III: Mass and Metallicity Dependence for FGKM main-sequence stars
• Superflare UV flashes impact on Kepler-96 system: a glimpse of habitability when the ozone layer first formed on Earth
• Transit Probabilities in Secularly Evolving Planetary Systems
• Revisiting the Kepler field with TESS: Improved ephemerides using TESS 2min data
• The Eclipsing Binaries from the LAMOST Medium-resolution Survey.III. A High-precision Empirical Stellar Mass Library
• Signatures of magnetic activity: On the relation between stellar properties and p-mode frequency variations
• Detection of Exoplanet as a Binary Source of Microlensing Events in WFIRST Survey
• K2-291 b: A rocky super-Earth in a 2.2 day orbit
• TESS Observations of Kepler systems with Transit Timing Variations
• Kepler-93: a testbed for detailed seismic modelling and orbital evolution of super-earths around solar-like stars
• The Discovery of the Long-Period, Eccentric Planet Kepler-88 d and System Characterization with Radial Velocities and Photodynamical Analysis
• On the Inclination and Habitability of the HD 10180 System
• Dynamical origin of the Dwarf Planet Ceres
• Water content trends in K2-138 and other low-mass multiplanetary systems
• The resilience of Kepler systems to stellar obliquity
• The SHERLOCK pipeline: new exoplanet candidates in the WASP-16, HAT-P-27, HAT-P-26, and TOI-2411 systems
• Two Terrestrial Planet Families With Different Origins
• CoRoT-22 b: a validated 4.9 RE exoplanet in 10-day orbit
• Updated Catalog of Kepler Planet Candidates: Focus on Accuracy and Orbital Periods
• K2-263b: A 50-day period sub-Neptune with a mass measurement using HARPS-N
• The TESS-Keck Survey. VI. Two Eccentric sub-Neptunes Orbiting HIP-97166
• Stellar obliquities and magnetic activities of Planet-Hosting Stars and Eclipsing Binaries based on Transit Chord Correlation
• Evaluating the Evidence for Water World Populations using Mixture Models
• Probing Kepler's hottest small planets via homogeneous search and analysis of optical secondary eclipses and phase variations
• Using HARPS-N to characterise the long-period planets in the PH-2 and Kepler-103 systems
• Angular Diameters and Fundamental Parameters of Forty-Four Stars from the Navy Precision Optical Interferometer
• Exoplanetary Geophysics -- An Emerging Discipline
• Characterization of Kepler targets based on medium-resolution LAMOST spectra analyzed with ROTFIT
• Properties of Sub-Neptune Atmospheres: TOI-270 System
• Exoplanet atmosphere evolution: emulation with neural networks
• Asteroseismic Investigation of 20 Planet and Planet-Candidate Host Stars
• Long term evolution of planetary systems with a terrestrial planet and a giant planet
• Absence of extended atmospheres in low-mass star radius-gap planets GJ 9827 b, GJ 9827 d and TOI-1235 b
• On the Formation of Super-Earths with Implications for the Solar System
• Physical Properties and Impact Parameter Variations of Kepler Planets from Analytic Light Curve Modeling
• Near Mean Motion Resonance of Terrestrial Planet Pair Induced by Giant Planet: Application to Kepler-68 System
• TESS and CHEOPS Discover Two Warm Sub-Neptunes Transiting the Bright K-dwarf HD 15906
• Dynamical rearrangement of super-Earths during disk dispersal II. Assessment of the magnetospheric rebound model for planet formation scenarios
• A close-in puffy Neptune with hidden friends: The enigma of TOI 620
• Random Models for Exploring Planet Compositions I: Uranus as an Example
• On the origin of the eccentricity dichotomy displayed by compact super-Earths: dynamical heating by cold giants
• Detection capability of ground-based meter-sized telescopes for shallow exoplanet transits
• Unveiling the Planet Population at Birth
• Radial Drift and Concurrent Ablation of Boulder-Sized Objects
• Variability of Kepler Solar-Like Stars Harboring Small Exoplanets
• Assessing the Interior Structure of Terrestrial Exoplanets with Implications for Habitability
• Characterisation of TOI-406 as showcase of the THIRSTEE program: A 2-planet system straddling the M-dwarf density gap
• Effects of Planetesimal Accretion on the Thermal and Structural Evolution of Sub-Neptunes
• Meta-analysis of photometric and asteroseismic measurements of stellar rotation periods: the Lomb-Scargle periodogram, autocorrelation function, wavelet and rotational splitting analysis for 92 Kepler asteroseismic targets
• Nii: a Bayesian orbit retrieval code applied to differential astrometry
• SOPHIE velocimetry of Kepler transit candidates. XIX. The transiting temperate giant planet KOI-3680b
• Implications of an improved water equation of state for water-rich planets
• Validation and Initial Characterization of the Long Period Planet Kepler-1654 b
• exoMMR: a New Python Package to Confirm and Characterize Mean Motion Resonances
• Phase Curves of the Kepler-11 Multi-Planet System
• Calibrating Iodine Cells for Precise Radial Velocities
• The Effects of Telluric Contamination in Iodine Calibrated Precise Radial Velocities
• Constraining the volatile fraction of planets from transit observations
• Possible Outcomes of Coplanar High-eccentricity Migration: Hot Jupiters, Close-in Super-Earths, and Counter-orbiting Planets
• What is the mass of alpha Cen B b?
• IGRINS RV: A Precision RV Pipeline for IGRINS Using Modified Forward Modeling in the Near-Infrared
• Can Rocky Exoplanets with Rings Pose as Sub-Neptunes?
• A Technique to Derive Improved Proper Motions for Kepler Objects of Interest
• A periodic configuration of the Kepler-25 planetary system?
• Kepler-102: Masses and Compositions for a Super-Earth and Sub-Neptune Orbiting an Active Star
• Planet formation: key mechanisms and global models
• Multiple star systems observed with CoRoT and Kepler (invited review)
• On the 9:7 Mean Motion Resonance Capture in a System of Two Equal-mass Super-Earths
• Formation of Super-Earths
• Three young planets around the K-dwarf K2-198: High-energy environment, evaporation history and expected future
• The Robo-AO KOI Survey: laser adaptive optics imaging of every Kepler exoplanet candidate
• Constraining Planetary Formation Models Using Conditional Occurrences of Various Planet Types
• Repeating fast radio bursts produced by a strange star interacting with its planet in an eccentric orbit
• Asteroseismic modelling of main-sequence solar-like stars and Kepler exoplanet host stars with the FICO procedure I. Catalogue of fundamental stellar properties
• On the Utility of Transmission Color Analysis I: Differentiating Super-Earths and Sub-Neptunes
• Using planetary transits to estimate magnetic cycles lengths in Kepler stars
• GJ 238 b: A 0.57 Earth Radius Planet Orbiting an M2.5 Dwarf Star at 15.2 pc
• Orbital migration and Resonance Offset of the Kepler-25 and K2-24 systems
• The Occurrence-weighted Median Planets Discovered by Transit Surveys Orbiting Solar-type Stars and Their Implications for Planet Formation and Evolution
• Chromospheric emission of solar-type stars with asteroseismic ages
• Accounting for Transit Timing Detectability: Biases in Planetary Radius and Orbital Period
• TOI-1438: A rare system with two short-period sub-Neptunes and a tentative long-period Jupiter-like planet orbiting a K0V star
• Constraining stellar rotation and planetary atmospheric evolution of a dozen systems hosting sub-Neptunes and super-Earths