Improved parameters for extrasolar transiting planets

Abstract

We present refined values for the physical parameters of transiting exoplanets, based on a self-consistent and uniform analysis of transit light curves and the observable properties of the host stars. Previously it has been difficult to interpret the ensemble properties of transiting exoplanets, because of the widely different methodologies that have been applied in individual cases. Furthermore, previous studies often ignored an important constraint on the mean stellar density that can be derived directly from the light curve. The main contributions of this work are 1) a critical compilation and error assessment of all reported values for the effective temperature and metallicity of the host stars; 2) the application of a consistent methodology and treatment of errors in modeling the transit light curves; and 3) more accurate estimates of the stellar mass and radius based on stellar evolution models, incorporating the photometric constraint on the stellar density. We use our results to revisit some previously proposed patterns and correlations within the ensemble. We confirm the mass-period correlation, and we find evidence for a new pattern within the scatter about this correlation: planets around metal-poor stars are more massive than those around metal-rich stars at a given orbital period. Likewise, we confirm the proposed dichotomy of planets according to their Safronov number, and we find evidence that the systems with small Safronov numbers are more metal-rich on average. Finally, we confirm the trend that led to the suggestion that higher-metallicity stars harbor planets with a greater heavy-element content.

To appear in The Astrophysical Journal. 23 pages in emulateapj format, including figures and tables. Figures 7, 8, and 9 are low resolution; higher resolution versions will be available from the journal when published. Acknowledgement added, and minor changes made to TrES-3 and TrES-4 in the Appendix

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• SWEET-Cat update and FASMA. A new minimization procedure for stellar parameters using high-quality spectra
• Characterizing Transiting Extrasolar Planets with Narrow-Band Photometry and GTC/OSIRIS
• Homogeneous search for helium in the atmosphere of 11 gas giant exoplanets with SPIRou
• Planetary transit candidates in the CoRoT LRa01 field
• The ground-based H, K, and L-band absolute emission spectra of HD 209458b
• The GTC exoplanet transit spectroscopy survey II: An overly-large Rayleigh-like feature for exoplanet TrES-3b
• Effect of stellar flares on the upper atmospheres of HD 189733b and HD 209458b
• Follow-up photometry of TrES-3
• Classical and relativistic long-term time variations of some observables for transiting exoplanets
• Exoplanet weather and climate regimes with clouds and thermal ionospheres: A model grid study in support of large-scale observational campaigns
• Colour-Magnitude Diagrams of Transiting Exoplanets. I - Systems with parallaxes
• Reassessment of the Null Result of the HST Search for Planets in 47 Tucanae
• ExoClock Project: An open platform for monitoring the ephemerides of Ariel targets with contributions from the public
• Colour-magnitude diagrams of transiting Exoplanets - II. A larger sample from photometric distances
• A survey of sodium absorption in ten giant exoplanets with high-resolution transmission spectroscopy
• Characterizing exoplanetary atmospheres at high resolution with SPIRou: Detection of water on HD 189733 b
• Radiative Thrusters on Close-in Extrasolar Planets
• Discovery of a Transiting Planet Near the Snow-Line
• Exoplanet Characterization by Proxy: a Transiting 2.15 R_Earth Planet Near the Habitable Zone of the Late K dwarf Kepler-61
• Radii of Rapidly-Rotating Stars, with Application to Transiting-Planet Hosts
• Accurate parameters for HD 209458 and its planet from HST spectrophotometry
• Lightning climatology of exoplanets and brown dwarfs guided by Solar System data
• Evidence of energy-, recombination-, and photon-limited escape regimes in giant planet H/He atmospheres
• An ingress and a complete transit of HD 80606 b
• Benefits of Ground-Based Photometric Follow-Up for Transiting Extrasolar Planets Discovered with Kepler and CoRoT
• Young Exoplanet Transit Initiative (YETI)
• A 1.46-2.48 $\mu$m Spectroscopic Atlas of a T6 Dwarf (1060 K) Atmosphere with IGRINS: First Detections of H${}_2$S and H${}_2$, and Verification of H${}_2$O, CH${}_4$, and NH${}_3$ Line Lists
• Estimating the masses of extra-solar planets
• Estimating the Ultraviolet Emission of M dwarfs with Exoplanets from Ca II and H$\alpha$
• Phase curve pollution of exoplanet transmission spectra
• Constraining tidal dissipation in F-type main-sequence stars: the case of CoRoT-11
• Information content of JWST-NIRSPEC transmission spectra of warm Neptunes
• How Low Can You Go? The Photoeccentric Effect for Planets of Various Sizes
• Stellar contributions to the line profiles of high-resolution transmission spectra of exoplanets
• WASP-32b: A transiting hot Jupiter planet orbiting a lithium-poor, solar-type star
• HAZMAT. VII. The Evolution of Ultraviolet Emission with Age and Rotation for Early M Dwarf Stars
• Time-resolved UVES observations of a stellar flare on the planet host HD 189733 during primary transit
• Constraining the Kehagias-Sfetsos solution in the Horava-Lifshitz gravity with extrasolar planets
• Broadband transmission spectroscopy of HD209458b with ESPRESSO: Evidence for Na, TiO, or both
• Early science with SPIRou: near-infrared radial velocity and spectropolarimetry of the planet-hosting star HD 189733
• Deriving stellar inclination of slow rotators using stellar activity
• Planets on the Edge
• Photometric Follow-up Observations of the Transiting Neptune-Mass Planet GJ 436b
• Physical properties of the HAT-P-23 and WASP-48 planetary systems from multi-colour photometry
• Exoplanet Interior Retrievals: core masses and metallicities from atmospheric abundances
• Transiting Exoplanet Monitoring Project (TEMP). II. Refined System Parameters and Transit Timing Analysis of HAT-P-33b
• The true stellar parameters of the Kepler target list
• Refraction in planetary atmospheres: improved analytical expressions and comparison with a new ray-tracing algorithm
• Assessing telluric correction methods for Na detections with high-resolution exoplanet transmission spectroscopy
• Relative photometry of HAT-P-1b occultations
• Future Direct Spectroscopic Detection of Hot Jupiters with IGRINS
• Investigating the detectability of hydrocarbons in exoplanet atmospheres with JWST
• A search for H$\alpha$ absorption around KELT-3 b and GJ 436 b
• LRG-BEASTS: Ground-based Detection of Sodium and a Steep Optical Slope in the Atmosphere of the Highly Inflated Hot-Saturn WASP-21b
• A Multiple Scattering Polarized Radiative Transfer Model: Application to HD 189733b
• Transiting Exoplanet Monitoring Project (TEMP). IV. Refined System Parameters, Transit Timing Variations and Orbital Stability of the Transiting Planetary System HAT-P-25
• Spatially resolved spectroscopy across stellar surfaces. II. High-resolution spectra across HD209458 (G0V)
• The polarization of the planet-hosting WASP-18 system
• Transiting Exoplanet Monitoring Project (TEMP). I. Refined System Parameters and Transit Timing Variations of HAT-P-29b
• The GAPS Programme with HARPS-N@TNG VI: The Curious Case of TrES-4b
• Follow-up Observations of the Neptune Mass Transiting Extrasolar Planet HAT-P-11b
• Probing atmospheric escape through metastable He I triplet lines in 15 exoplanets observed with SPIRou
• Aldebaran b's temperate past uncovered in planet search data
• On the rotational behavior of parent stars of extrasolar planets
• HAT-P-42b and HAT-P-43b. Two Inflated Transiting Hot Jupiters from the HATNet Survey
• NIR spectroscopy of the Sun and HD20010 - Compiling a new linelist in the NIR
• Planetary parameters, XUV environments and mass-loss rates for nearby gaseous planets with X-ray detected host-stars
• Dynamic mineral clouds on HD 189733b II. Monte Carlo radiative transfer for 3D cloudy exoplanet atmospheres: combining scattering and emission spectra
• The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs. A super-Earth planet orbiting HD 79211 (GJ 338 B)
• Predictions on the core mass of Jupiter and of giant planets in general
• Flares, Rotation, Activity Cycles and a Magnetic Star-Planet Interaction Hypothesis for the Far Ultraviolet Emission of GJ 436
• Spatially resolved spectroscopy across stellar surfaces. III. Photospheric Fe I lines across HD189733A (K1 V)
• Ground-based Spectroscopy of the Exoplanet XO-2b using a Systematic Wavelength Calibration
• A Principal Component Analysis-based method to analyse high-resolution spectroscopic data
• Peering above the clouds of the warm Neptune GJ 436b with CRIRES+
• Polarization of hot Jupiter systems: a likely detection of stellar activity and a possible detection of planetary polarization
• Radial velocity observations of the 2015 Mar 20 eclipse - A benchmark Rossiter-McLaughlin curve with zero free parameters
• Prospecting transit duration variations in extrasolar planetary systems
• Multiple Populations of Extrasolar Gas Giants
• Magnetospheres of hot Jupiters: hydrodynamic models & ultraviolet absorption
• Non-detection of Helium in the Hot Jupiter WASP-48b
• Photometric Investigation of Hot Exoplanets: TrES-3b and Qatar-1b
• Interpreting the yield of transit surveys: Are there groups in the known transiting planets population?
• Spectral Eclipse Timing
• Twenty-One New Light Curves of OGLE-TR-56b: New System Parameters and Limits on Timing Variations
• Trends in Spitzer Secondary Eclipses
• First exoplanet transit observation with the Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy: Confirmation of Rayleigh scattering in HD 189733 b with HIPO
• Transiting exoplanets and magnetic spots characterized with optical interferometry
• An a priori investigation of astrophysical false positives in ground-based transiting planet surveys
• Discovery of two nearby post-T Tauri stellar associations
• Chromatic line-profile tomography to reveal exoplanetary atmospheres: application to HD 189733b
• Measuring accurate transit parameters
• Constraining the oblateness of transiting planets with photometry and spectroscopy
• A SEA BASS on the exoplanet HD209458b
• Characterizing K2 Candidate Planetary Systems Orbiting Low-Mass Stars III: A High Mass & Low Envelope Fraction for the Warm Neptune K2-55b
• HSTEP -- Homogeneous Studies of Transiting Extrasolar Planets
• Reassessing Exoplanet Light Curves with a Thermal Model
• Revising the properties of low mass eclipsing binary stars using TESS light curves
• A Population Analysis of 20 Exoplanets Observed from the Optical to the Near-infrared Wavelengths with HST: Evidence for Widespread Stellar Contamination
• Exoplanetary Detection By Multifractal Spectral Analysis
• Probing Na in giant exoplanets with ESPRESSO and 3D NLTE stellar spectra
• A Correlation Between the Eclipse Depths of Kepler Gas Giant Candidates and the Metallicities of their Parent Stars
• Discovery of an inflated hot Jupiter around a slightly evolved star TOI-1789
• The strange case of Na I in the atmosphere of HD209458 b: Reconciling low- and high-resolution spectroscopic observations G
• Physical properties and optical-infrared transmission spectrum of the giant planet XO-1b
• On The Synergy Between Ariel And Ground-Based High-Resolution Spectroscopy
• Computation of the transmitted and polarized scattered fluxes by the exoplanet HD 189733b in X-rays
• High-resolution transmission spectroscopy of the hot-Saturn HD 149026b
• A Detailed Investigation of HD 209458 b HST & JWST Transmission Spectra with SANSAR
• Discovery and characterization of a dense sub-Saturn TOI-6651b
• PHASES: a concept for a satellite-borne ultra-precise spectrophotometer
• The GAPS programme at TNG LXVI. A homogeneous search for Na i and its possible variability in ten gas giant exoplanets
• MAISTEP -- a new grid-based machine learning tool for inferring stellar parameters I. Ages of giant-planet host stars
• Orbital effects of a monochromatic plane gravitational wave with ultra-low frequency incident on a gravitationally bound two-body system
• Global flow regimes of hot Jupiters
• What to Expect from Transiting Multiplanet Systems
• Toward a homogeneous set of transiting planet parameters
• TrES-1 b: A Case Study in Detecting Secular Evolution of Exoplanet Orbits
• The dark days are overcast: Iron-bearing clouds on HD 209458 b and WASP-43 b can explain low dayside albedos
• Ground-Based Reconnaissance Observations of 21 Exoplanet Atmospheres with the Exoplanet Transmission Spectroscopy Imager
• Homogeneous search for spot transits in Kepler and TESS photometry of K $-$ M-type main-sequence stars
• Multi-color photometry and parameters estimation of Jupiter-sized exoplanets; TRES-3b, WASP-2b and HATP-30b
• Using Stellar Spectral Energy Distributions to Measure Exoplanet Parameters
• Stellar flare study of nearby young moving group members with TESS Data
• TOI-6884b: A low-mass brown dwarf transiting a slightly evolved star
• The multiple planets transiting Kepler-9 I. Inferring stellar properties and planetary compositions
• Star-planet interaction through spectral lines
• The Transits of Extrasolar Planets with Moons
• Using observations of escaping H/He to constrain the atmospheric composition of sub-Neptunes
• Precision Time-series Photometry in the Thermal Infrared with a 'Wall-Eyed' Pointing Mode at the Large Binocular Telescope
• Transit modelling of selected Kepler systems
• TOI-7154b: A Close-in Massive Brown Dwarf in an Eccentric Orbit