Two Classes of Hot Jupiters

Abstract

We identify two classes of transiting planet, based on their equilibrium temperatures and Safronov numbers. We examine various possible explanations for the dichotomy. It may reflect the influence of planet or planetesimal scattering in determining when planetary migration stops. Another possibility is that some planets lose more mass to evaporation than others. If this evaporation process preferentially removes Helium from the planet, the consequent reduction in the mean molecular weight may explain why some planets have anomalously large radii.

35 pages, 16 figures in Preprint format. Submitted to ApJ

References in corpus (10)

• A map of the day-night contrast of the extrasolar planet HD 189733b
• Possible Solutions to the Radius Anomalies of Transiting Giant Planets
• A correlation between the heavy element content of transiting extrasolar planets and the metallicity of their parent stars
• Detection of transits of the nearby hot Neptune GJ 436 b
• The phase-dependent Infrared brightness of the extrasolar planet upsilon Andromedae b
• Heat transport in giant (exo)planets: a new perspective
• TrES-4: A Transiting Hot Jupiter of Very Low Density
• The AGN and Gas Disk in the Low Surface Brightness Galaxy PGC045080
• The Separation/Period Gap in the Distribution of Extrasolar Planets around Stars with Masses M >= 1.2 Msolar
• On the Age of Stars Harboring Transiting Planets

Cited by in corpus (110)

• A Unified Theory for the Atmospheres of the Hot and Very Hot Jupiters: Two Classes of Irradiated Atmospheres
• Improved parameters for extrasolar transiting planets
• HAT-P-16b: A 4 Mj Planet Transiting A Bright Star On An Eccentric Orbit
• The Interior Structure, Composition, and Evolution of Giant Planets
• The Transit Light Curve Project. IX. Evidence for a Smaller Radius of the Exoplanet XO-3b
• Homogeneous studies of transiting extrasolar planets. III. Additional planets and stellar models
• KELT-1b: A Strongly Irradiated, Highly Inflated, Short Period, 27 Jupiter-mass Companion Transiting a mid-F Star
• The coronal X-ray - age relation and its implications for the evaporation of exoplanets
• High-precision photometry by telescope defocussing. I. The transiting planetary system WASP-5
• Calibration of Equilibrium Tide Theory for Extrasolar Planet Systems
• HAT-P-32b and HAT-P-33b: Two Highly Inflated Hot Jupiters Transiting High-Jitter Stars
• Homogeneous studies of transiting extrasolar planets. V. New results for 38 planets
• HAT-P-20b--HAT-P-23b: Four Massive Transiting Extrasolar Planets
• HAT-P-12b: A Low-Density Sub-Saturn Mass Planet Transiting a Metal-Poor K Dwarf
• Binarity of Transit Host Stars - Implications on Planetary Parameters
• Discovery of water at high spectral resolution in the atmosphere of 51 Peg b
• Homogeneous studies of transiting extrasolar planets. II. Physical properties
• HAT-P-26b: A Low-Density Neptune-Mass Planet Transiting a K Star
• Trends in Atmospheric Properties of Neptune-Size Exoplanets
• HATS-6b: A Warm Saturn Transiting an Early M Dwarf Star, and a Set of Empirical Relations for Characterizing K and M Dwarf Planet Hosts
• HAT-P-39b--HAT-P-41b: Three Highly Inflated Transiting Hot Jupiters
• HAT-P-13b,c: a transiting hot Jupiter with a massive outer companion on an eccentric orbit
• Inflating and Deflating Hot Jupiters: Coupled Tidal and Thermal Evolution of Known Transiting Planets
• Retrograde Accretion and Merging Supermassive Black Holes
• Calibration of Equilibrium Tide Theory for Extrasolar Planet Systems II
• Ground-based near-UV observations of 15 transiting exoplanets: Constraints on their atmospheres and no evidence for asymmetrical transits
• A New Spectroscopic and Photometric Analysis of the Transiting Planet Systems TrES-3 and TrES-4
• HAT-P-6b: A Hot Jupiter transiting a bright F star
• HATNet Field G205: Follow-Up Observations of 28 Transiting-Planet candidates and Confirmation of the Planet HAT-P-8b
• HATS-1b: The First Transiting Planet Discovered by the HATSouth Survey
• Evidence for a lost population of close-in exoplanets
• HAT-P-17b,c: A Transiting, Eccentric, Hot Saturn and a Long-period, Cold Jupiter
• HATS-4b: A Dense Hot-Jupiter Transiting a Super Metal-Rich G Star
• HAT-P-14b: A 2.2 Jupiter-mass exoplanet transiting a bright F star
• HAT-P-30b: A transiting hot Jupiter on a highly oblique orbit
• HAT-P-9b: A Low Density Planet Transiting a Moderately Faint F star
• XO-5b: A Transiting Jupiter-sized Planet With A Four Day Period
• HAT-P-65b and HAT-P-66b: Two Transiting Inflated Hot Jupiters and Observational Evidence for the Re-Inflation of Close-In Giant Planets
• HATS-70b: A 13 Mjup brown dwarf transiting an A star
• HAT-P-27b: A hot Jupiter transiting a G star on a 3 day orbit
• HATS-17b: A Transiting Compact Warm Jupiter in a 16.3 Days Circular Orbit
• HATS-3b: An inflated hot Jupiter transiting an F-type star
• HAT-P-44b, HAT-P-45b, and HAT-P-46b: Three Transiting Hot Jupiters in Possible Multi-Planet Systems
• HAT-P-38b: A Saturn-Mass Planet Transiting a Late G Star
• WTS-2 b: a hot Jupiter orbiting near its tidal destruction radius around a K-dwarf
• HAT-P-28b and HAT-P-29b: Two Sub-Jupiter Mass Transiting Planets
• HAT-P-15b: A 10.9-day Extrasolar Planet Transiting a Solar-type Star
• HATS-2b: A transiting extrasolar planet orbiting a K-type star showing starspot activity
• HAT-P-50b, HAT-P-51b, HAT-P-52b, and HAT-P-53b: Three Transiting Hot Jupiters and a Transiting Hot Saturn From the HATNet Survey
• HATS-9b and HATS-10b: Two Compact Hot Jupiters in Field 7 of the K2 Mission
• WASP-38b: A Transiting Exoplanet in an Eccentric, 6.87d Period Orbit
• KELT-11b: A Highly Inflated Sub-Saturn Exoplanet Transiting the V=8 Subgiant HD 93396
• HATS-8b: A Low-Density Transiting Super-Neptune
• HAT-P-10b: A light and moderately hot Jupiter transiting a K dwarf
• A Correlation Between Stellar Activity and the Surface Gravity of Hot Jupiters
• HATS-7b: A Hot Super Neptune Transiting a Quiet K Dwarf Star
• HATS-60b - HATS-69b: Ten Transiting Planets From HATSouth
• HATS-5b: A Transiting hot-Saturn from the HATSouth Survey
• HAT-P-54b: A hot jupiter transiting a 0.64 Msun star in field 0 of the K2 mission
• HAT-P-67b: An Extremely Low Density Saturn Transiting an F-Subgiant Confirmed via Doppler Tomography
• Independent confirmation and refined parameters of the hot Jupiter XO-5b
• The 0.5M${}_J$ transiting exoplanet WASP-13b
• HAT-P-25b: a Hot-Jupiter Transiting a Moderately Faint G Star
• Photometric observation of HAT-P-16b in the near-UV
• TrES-5: A Massive Jupiter-sized Planet Transiting A Cool G-dwarf
• HATS-74Ab, HATS-75b, HATS-76b and HATS-77b: Four Transiting Giant Planets around K and M Dwarfs
• HATS-18 b: An Extreme Short--Period Massive Transiting Planet Spinning Up Its Star
• Near-UV and optical observations of the transiting exoplanet TrES-3b
• WASP-16b: A new Jupiter-like planet transiting a southern solar analog
• OGLE-TR-211 - a new transiting inflated hot Jupiter from the OGLE survey and ESO LP666 spectroscopic follow-up program
• HAT-P-31b,c: A Transiting, Eccentric, Hot Jupiter and a Long-Period, Massive Third-Body
• HAT-P-24b: An inflated hot-Jupiter on a 3.36d period transiting a hot, metal-poor star
• Transit timing of TrES-2: a combined analysis of ground- and space-based photometry
• The K2-3 system revisited: testing photoevaporation and core-powered mass loss with three small planets spanning the radius valley
• The sub-Saturn Mass Transiting Planet HAT-P-12b
• On Signatures of Atmospheric Features in Thermal Phase Curves of Hot Jupiters
• HATS-25b through HATS-30b: A Half-dozen New Inflated Transiting Hot Jupiters from the HATSouth Survey
• Stellar Magnetic Fields as a Heating Source for Extrasolar Giant Planets
• HAT-P-49b: A 1.7 M_J Planet Transiting a Bright 1.5 M_S F-Star
• TOI-1231 b: A Temperate, Neptune-Sized Planet Transiting the Nearby M3 Dwarf NLTT 24399
• TOI-3235 b: a transiting giant planet around an M4 dwarf star
• Refined physical properties and g',r',i',z',J,H,K transmission spectrum of WASP-23b from the ground
• HAT-P-56b: An inflated massive Hot Jupiter transiting a bright F star followed up with K2 Campaign 0 observations
• HATS-54b-HATS-58Ab: five new transiting hot Jupiters including one with a possible temperate companion
• WASP-26b: A 1-Jupiter-mass planet around an early-G-type star
• HATS-31b Through HATS-35b: Five Transiting Hot Jupiters Discovered by the HATSouth Survey
• HATS-43b, HATS-44b, HATS-45b, and HATS-46b: Four Short Period Transiting Giant Planets in the Neptune-Jupiter Mass Range
• HATS-22b, HATS-23b and HATS-24b: Three new transiting Super-Jupiters from the HATSouth Project
• HAT-P-42b and HAT-P-43b. Two Inflated Transiting Hot Jupiters from the HATNet Survey
• YETI observations of the young transiting planet candidate CVSO 30 b
• HATS-47b, HATS-48Ab, HATS-49b and HATS-72b: Four Warm Giant Planets Transiting K Dwarfs
• HATS-13b and HATS-14b: two transiting hot Jupiters from the HATSouth survey
• WASP-14 b: Transit Timing analysis of 19 light curves
• HATS-11b and HATS-12b: Two transiting Hot Jupiters orbiting sub-solar metallicity stars selected for the K2 Campaign 7
• HATS-39b, HATS-40b, HATS-41b, and HATS-42b: Three Inflated Hot Jupiters and a Super-Jupiter Transiting F Stars
• Giant Outer Transiting Exoplanet Mass (GOT 'EM) Survey. II. Discovery of a Failed Hot Jupiter on a 2.7 Year, Highly Eccentric Orbit
• HATS-37Ab and HATS-38b: Two Transiting Hot Neptunes in the Desert
• Interpreting the yield of transit surveys: Are there groups in the known transiting planets population?
• Photometric Investigation of Hot Exoplanets: TrES-3b and Qatar-1b
• HATS-50b through HATS-53b: four transiting hot Jupiters orbiting G-type stars discovered by the HATSouth survey
• HAT-P-58b -- HAT-P-64b: Seven Planets Transiting Bright Stars
• HAT-P-55b: A Hot Jupiter Transiting a Sun-like Star
• HATS-15 b and HATS-16 b: Two massive planets transiting old G dwarf stars
• HATS-59b,c: A Transiting Hot Jupiter and a Cold Massive Giant Planet Around a Sun-Like Star
• K2-79b and K2-222b: Mass measurements of two small exoplanets with periods beyond 10 days that overlap with periodic magnetic activity signals
• Toward a homogeneous set of transiting planet parameters
• HATS-34b and HATS-46b: Re-characterisation Using TESS and Gaia
• Effect of dynamical interactions on integrated properties of globular clusters
• HAT-P-68b: A Transiting Hot Jupiter Around a K5 Dwarf Star
• Exoplanet System Kepler-2 with comparisons to Kepler-1 and 13