Transit timing of TrES-2: a combined analysis of ground- and space-based photometry

Abstract

Homogeneous observations and careful analysis of transit light curves can lead to the identification of transit timing variations (TTVs). TrES-2 is one of few exoplanets, which offer the matchless possibility to combine long-term ground-based observations with continuous satellite data. Our research aimed at the search for TTVs that would be indicative of perturbations from additional bodies in the system. We also wanted to refine the system parameters and the orbital elements. We obtained 44 ground-based light curves of 31 individual transit events of TrES-2. Eight 0.2 - 2.2-m telescopes located at six observatories in Germany, Poland and Spain were used. In addition, we analysed 18 quarters (Q0-Q17) of observational data from NASA's space telescope Kepler including 435 individual transit events and 11 publicly available ground-based light curves. Assuming different limb darkening (LD) laws we performed an analysis for all light curves and redetermined the parameters of the system. We also carried out a joint analysis of the ground- and space-based data. The long observation period of seven years (2007-2013) allowed a very precise redetermination of the transit ephemeris. For a total of 490 transit light curves of TrES-2, the time of transit mid-point was determined. The transit times support neither variations on long time-scale nor on short time-scales. The nearly continuous observations of Kepler show no statistically significant increase or decrease in the orbital inclination i and the transit duration D. Only the transit depth shows a slight increase which could be an indication of an increasing stellar activity. In general, system parameters obtained by us were found to be in agreement with previous studies but are the most precise values to date.

arXiv comment19 pages, 15 figures, 13 tables

References in corpus (46)

• Analytic Lightcurves for Planetary Transit Searches
• Achieving better than 1 minute accuracy in the Heliocentric and Barycentric Julian Dates
• EXOFAST: A fast exoplanetary fitting suite in IDL
• Overview of the Kepler Science Processing Pipeline
• The effect of red noise on planetary transit detection
• Homogeneous studies of transiting extrasolar planets. IV. Thirty systems with space-based light curves
• Eclipsing binaries in open clusters. II. V453 Cyg in NGC 6871
• Homogeneous studies of transiting extrasolar planets. I. Light curve analyses
• Parameter Estimation from Time-Series Data with Correlated Errors: A Wavelet-Based Method and its Application to Transit Light Curves
• Improving Stellar and Planetary Parameters of Transiting Planet Systems: The Case of TrES-2
• The Transit Light Curve Project. IX. Evidence for a Smaller Radius of the Exoplanet XO-3b
• Initial Characteristics of Kepler Short Cadence Data
• Homogeneous studies of transiting extrasolar planets. III. Additional planets and stellar models
• A Correlation Between Stellar Activity and Hot Jupiter Emission Spectra
• Stellar Limb-Darkening Coefficients for CoRot and Kepler
• TrES-2: The First Transiting Planet in the Kepler Field
• Two Classes of Hot Jupiters
• Binarity of Transit Host Stars - Implications on Planetary Parameters
• Homogeneous studies of transiting extrasolar planets. II. Physical properties
• Absolute dimensions of detached eclipsing binaries. I. The metallic-lined system WW Aurigae
• The effect of stellar limb darkening values on the accuracy of the planet radii derived from photometric transit observations
• Stellar companions to exoplanet host stars: Lucky Imaging of transiting planet hosts
• Eclipsing binaries observed with the WIRE satellite. II. beta Aurigae and non-linear limb darkening in light curves
• Indications for an influence of Hot Jupiters on the rotation and activity of their host stars
• Photometrically derived masses and radii of the planet and star in the TrES-2 system
• Eclipsing binaries in open clusters. I. V615 Per and V618 Per in h Per
• Near-Infrared Thermal Emission from the Hot Jupiter TrES-2b: Ground-Based Detection of the Secondary Eclipse
• The Prograde Orbit of Exoplanet TrES-2b
• Detection of visible light from the darkest world
• System parameters, transit times and secondary eclipse constraints of the exoplanet systems HAT-P-4, TrES-2, TrES-3 and WASP-3 from the NASA EPOXI Mission of Opportunity
• The Transit Light Curve Project. VI. Three Transits of the Exoplanet TrES-2
• Analysis of Kepler's short-cadence photometry for TrES-2b
• Detection of Planetary Emission from the Exoplanet TrES-2 using Spitzer /IRAC
• Transit Monitoring in the South (TraMoS) project: Discarding Transit Timing Variations in WASP-5b
• High-precision photometry of WASP-12 b transits
• A homogeneous spectroscopic analysis of host stars of transiting planets
• Transit timing analysis of the exoplanets TrES-1 and TrES-2
• Planetary transit observations at the University Observatory Jena: TrES-2
• STK: A new CCD camera at the University Observatory Jena
• A consistent analysis of three years of ground- and space-based photometry of TrES-2
• No evidence for planetary influence on solar activity
• Multi-band transit observations of the TrES-2b exoplanet
• Detection of orbital parameter changes in the TrES-2 exoplanet ?
• On the Apparent Orbital Inclination Change of the Extrasolar Transiting Planet TrES-2b
• CTK - A new CCD Camera at the University Observatory Jena
• New approach for modeling of transiting exoplanets for arbitrary limb-darkening law

Cited by in corpus (10)

• Transit Timing Observations from Kepler. IX. Catalog of the Full Long-Cadence Data Set
• Transiting Exoplanet Studies and Community Targets for JWST's Early Release Science Program
• The Densities of Planets in Multiple Stellar Systems
• ExoClock project II: A large-scale integrated study with 180 updated exoplanet ephemerides
• Ground-based transit observations of the HAT-P-18, HAT-P-19, HAT-P-27/WASP-40 and WASP-21 systems
• Evidence of Long-Term Period Variations in the Exoplanet Transit Database (ETD)
• WASP-14 b: Transit Timing analysis of 19 light curves
• Transit analysis of the CoRoT-5, CoRoT-8, CoRoT-12, CoRoT-18, CoRoT-20, and CoRoT-27 systems with combined ground- and space-based photometry
• Affordable echelle spectroscopy of the eccentric HAT-P-2, WASP-14 and XO-3 planetary systems with a sub-meter-class telescope
• Transit modelling of selected Kepler systems