The continuing search for evidence of tidal orbital decay of hot Jupiters

Abstract

Many of the known hot Jupiters are formally unstable to tidal orbital decay. The only hot Jupiter for which orbital decay has been directly detected is WASP-12, for which transit timing measurements spanning more than a decade have revealed that the orbital period is decreasing at a rate of $dP/dt\approx 10^{-9}$, corresponding to a reduced tidal quality factor of about $2\times 10^5$. Here, we present a compilation of transit-timing data for WASP-12 and eleven other systems which are especially favorable for detecting orbital decay: KELT-16; WASP-18, 19, 43, 72, 103, 114, and 122; HAT-P-23; HATS-18; and OGLE-TR-56. For most of these systems we present new data that extend the time baseline over which observations have been performed. None of the systems besides WASP-12 displays convincing evidence for period changes, with typical upper limits on $dP/dt$ on the order of $10^{-9}$ or $10^{-10}$, and lower limits on the reduced tidal quality factor on the order of $10^5$. One possible exception is WASP-19, which shows a statistically significant trend, although it may be a spurious effect of starspot activity. Further observations are encouraged.

16 pages, 26 figures, accepted for publication in AJ

References in corpus (24)

• The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite
• Achieving better than 1 minute accuracy in the Heliocentric and Barycentric Julian Dates
• EXOFAST: A fast exoplanetary fitting suite in IDL
• Improved parameters for extrasolar transiting planets
• Accurate, Empirical Radii and Masses of Planets and their Host Stars with Gaia Parallaxes
• Tidal dissipation in stars and giant planets
• Tidal Evolution of Close-in Extra-Solar Planets
• Spitzer Phase Curve Constraints for WASP-43b at 3.6 and 4.5 microns
• The Orbit of WASP-12b is Decaying
• Falling Transiting Extrasolar Giant Planets
• WASP-4b Arrived Early for the TESS Mission
• Why is there a Dearth of Close-In Planets around Fast-Rotating stars?
• A photometric study of the hot exoplanet WASP-19b
• Tidal Dissipation in WASP-12
• High-precision photometry by telescope defocussing. VII. The ultra-short period planet WASP-103
• Signs of strong Na and K absorption in the transmission spectrum of WASP-103b
• Searching For Rapid Orbital Decay of WASP-18b
• Investigating the physical properties of transiting hot Jupiters with the 1.5-m Kuiper Telescope
• KELT-16b: A highly irradiated, ultra-short period hot Jupiter nearing tidal disruption
• The `666' collaboration on OGLE transits: I. Accurate radius of the planets OGLE-TR-10b and OGLE-TR-56b with VLT deconvolution photometry
• Multi-filter transit observations of WASP-39b and WASP-43b with three San Pedro Mártir telescopes
• High-precision multi-wavelength eclipse photometry of the ultra-hot gas giant exoplanet WASP-103 b
• Physical properties of the HAT-P-23 and WASP-48 planetary systems from multi-colour photometry
• Discarding orbital decay in WASP-19b after one decade of transit observations

Cited by in corpus (55)

• Tidal dissipation in evolving low-mass and solar-type stars with predictions for planetary orbital decay
• TESS Transit Timing of Hundreds of Hot Jupiters
• Decaying Orbit of the Hot Jupiter WASP-12b: Confirmation with TESS Observations
• ExoClock Project III: 450 new exoplanet ephemerides from ground and space observations
• Systematic Phase Curve Study of Known Transiting Systems from Year 1 of the TESS Mission
• Visible-light Phase Curves from the Second Year of the TESS Primary Mission
• Orbital Decay of Short-Period Exoplanets via Tidal Resonance Locking
• ExoClock project II: A large-scale integrated study with 180 updated exoplanet ephemerides
• Simultaneous TESS and NGTS Transit Observations of WASP-166b
• TESS Revisits WASP-12: Updated Orbital Decay Rate and Constraints on Atmospheric Variability
• Detection of the tidal deformation of WASP-103b at $3\sigma$ with CHEOPS
• TOI-2109b: An Ultrahot Gas Giant on a 16 hr Orbit
• WASP-4 is Accelerating Toward the Earth
• TESS Giants Transiting Giants II: The hottest Jupiters orbiting evolved stars
• ExoClock Project: An open platform for monitoring the ephemerides of Ariel targets with contributions from the public
• Dynamics of Colombo's Top: Tidal Dissipation and Resonance Capture, With Applications to Oblique Super-Earths, Ultra-Short-Period Planets and Inspiraling Hot Jupiters
• Discovery and characterization of the exoplanets WASP-148b and c. A transiting system with two interacting giant planets
• Examining the orbital decay targets KELT-9 b, KELT-16 b and WASP-4 b, and the transit-timing variations of HD 97658 b
• Eclipse timing the Milky Way's gravitational potential
• Evidence of Long-Term Period Variations in the Exoplanet Transit Database (ETD)
• A Lack of Variability Between Repeated Spitzer Phase Curves of WASP-43b
• TOI-1670 b and c: An Inner Sub-Neptune with an Outer Warm Jupiter Unlikely to have Originated from High-Eccentricity Migration
• Measuring the orbit shrinkage rate of hot Jupiters due to tides
• Investigation of an orbital decay and global modeling of the planet WASP-43 b
• Tidally excited gravity waves in the cores of solar-type stars: resonances and critical-layer formation
• Tidal dissipation due to the elliptical instability and turbulent viscosity in convection zones in rotating giant planets and stars
• TASTE V. A new ground-based investigation of orbital decay in the ultra-hot Jupiter WASP-12b
• Homogeneous Transit Timing Analyses of Ten Exoplanet Systems
• An efficient tidal dissipation mechanism via stellar magnetic fields
• Evidence of apsidal motion and a possible co-moving companion star detected in the WASP-19 system
• Is the orbit of the exoplanet WASP-43b really decaying? TESS and MuSCAT2 observations confirm no detection
• The ultra-hot-Jupiter KELT-16 b: Dynamical Evolution and Atmospheric Properties
• The impact of tidal friction evolution on the orbital decay of ultra-short period planets
• Revisiting the Transit Timing Variations in the TrES-3 and Qatar-1 systems with TESS data
• Planet-star interactions with precise transit timing. III. Entering the regime of dynamical tides
• TESS Giants Transiting Giants V -- Two hot Jupiters orbiting red-giant hosts
• Characterizing WASP-43b's interior structure: unveiling tidal decay and apsidal motion
• Revealing a main-sequence star that consumed a planet with JWST
• Orbital period modulation in hot Jupiter systems
• A search for transit timing variations in the HATS-18 planetary system
• A close outer companion to the ultra-hot Jupiter TOI-2109 b?
• Precise Transit Photometry Using TESS II: Revisiting 28 Additional Transiting Systems With Updated Physical Properties
• The discovery of three hot Jupiters, NGTS-23b, 24b and 25b, and updated parameters for HATS-54b from the Next Generation Transit Survey
• The Impact of Tidal Migration of Hot Jupiters on the Rotation of Sun-like Main-sequence Stars
• Planet-star interactions with precise transit timing. IV. Probing the regime of dynamical tides for GK host stars
• Planet Across Space and Time (PAST). VII. The origin and tidal evolution of hot Jupiters constrained by a broken age-frequency relation
• Tidally distorted barytropes and their Roche limits, with application to WASP-12b
• Refined Ephemeris for Four Hot Jupiters using Ground-Based and TESS Observations
• Nonlinear tidal excitation of super-harmonic gravity waves in main-sequence stars in binary and exoplanetary systems
• A Close-in Planet Orbiting Giant Star HD 167768
• Engulfment of a hot Jupiter as a possible origin of the rapid spin and internal spin misalignment of the planet-hosting red giant Kepler-56
• TrES-1 b: A Case Study in Detecting Secular Evolution of Exoplanet Orbits
• A search for transit timing variations in the transiting hot Jupiter systems HIP 65, NGTS-6, NGTS-10 and WASP-173
• Observational imprints of tidal internal gravity wave dissipation in star-planet systems
• Characterizing the WASP-4 system with TESS and radial velocity data: Constraints on the cause of the hot Jupiter's changing orbit and evidence of an outer planet