XO-2b: Transiting Hot Jupiter in a Metal-rich Common Proper Motion Binary

Abstract

We report on a V=11.2 early K dwarf, XO-2 (GSC 03413-00005), that hosts a Rp=0.98+0.03/-0.01 Rjup, Mp=0.57+/-0.06 Mjup transiting extrasolar planet, XO-2b, with an orbital period of 2.615857+/-0.000005 days. XO-2 has high metallicity, [Fe/H]=0.45+/-0.02, high proper motion, mu_tot=157 mas/yr, and has a common proper motion stellar companion with 31" separation. The two stars are nearly identical twins, with very similar spectra and apparent magnitudes. Due to the high metallicity, these early K dwarf stars have a mass and radius close to solar, Ms=0.98+/-0.02 Msolar and Rs=0.97+0.02/-0.01 Rsolar. The high proper motion of XO-2 results from an eccentric orbit (Galactic pericenter, Rper<4 kpc) well confined to the Galactic disk (Zmax~100 pc). In addition, the phase space position of XO-2 is near the Hercules dynamical stream, which points to an origin of XO-2 in the metal-rich, inner Thin Disk and subsequent dynamical scattering into the solar neighborhood. We describe an efficient Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithm for calculating the Bayesian posterior probability of the system parameters from a transit light curve.

14 pages, 10 Figures, Accepted in ApJ. Negligible changes to XO-2 system properties. Removed Chi^2 light curve analysis section, and simplified MCMC light curve analysis discussion

References in corpus (48)

• Cosmological parameters from SDSS and WMAP
• Analytic Lightcurves for Planetary Transit Searches
• Detection of Planetary Transits Across a Sun-like Star
• Evolutionary models for very-low-mass stars and brown dwarfs with dusty atmospheres
• Theoretical isochrones in several photometric systems I. Johnson-Cousins-Glass, HST/WFPC2, HST/NICMOS, Washington, and ESO Imaging Survey filter sets
• A box-fitting algorithm in the search for periodic transits
• Catalog of Nearby Exoplanets
• Elemental Abundance Survey of The Galactic Thick Disk
• On the Unique Solution of Planet and Star Parameters from an Extrasolar Planet Transit Light Curve
• Long-Term Stability of Planets in Binary Systems
• Towards Better Age Estimates for Stellar Populations: The Y^2 Isochrones for Solar Mixture
• alpha-, r-, and s-process element trends in the Galactic thin and thick disks
• The formation and retention of gas giant planets around stars with a range of metallicities
• Correcting systematic effects in a large set of photometric lightcurves
• Quantifying the Uncertainty in the Orbits of Extrasolar Planets
• A Catalog of Northern Stars With Annual Proper Motions Larger Than 0.15 Seconds of Arc (LSPM catalog - North)
• Evolution of "51Peg b-like" Planets
• Possible Solutions to the Radius Anomalies of Transiting Giant Planets
• The N2K Consortium. II. A Transiting Hot Saturn Around HD 149026 With a Large Dense Core
• A correlation between the heavy element content of transiting extrasolar planets and the metallicity of their parent stars
• An Assessment of Dynamical Mass Constraints on Pre-Main Sequence Evolutionary Tracks
• Post-T Tauri Stars in the Nearest OB Association
• WASP-1b and WASP-2b: Two new transiting exoplanets detected with SuperWASP and SOPHIE
• On the Radii of Extrasolar Giant Planets
• Statistical properties of exoplanets II. Metallicity, orbital parameters, and space velocities
• HAT-P-1b: A Large-Radius, Low-Density Exoplanet Transiting one Member of a Stellar Binary
• Detectability of Extrasolar Planets in Radial Velocity Surveys
• The Transit Light Curve (TLC) Project. I. Four Consecutive Transits of the Exoplanet XO-1b
• Atmosphere, Interior, and Evolution of the Metal-Rich Transiting Planet HD 149026b
• Properties of planets in binary systems. The role of binary separation
• Two Suns in The Sky: Stellar Multiplicity in Exoplanet Systems
• The XO Project: Searching for Transiting Extra-solar Planet Candidates
• On the correlation of elemental abundances with kinematics among galactic disk stars
• Efficient Cosmological Parameter Estimation from Microwave Background Anisotropies
• A Transiting Planet of a Sun-like Star
• Tracing the Galactic thick disk to Solar metallicities
• Obliquity Tides on Hot Jupiters
• HD 209458: Physical Parameters of the Parent Star and the Transiting Planet
• Close encounters in young stellar clusters: implications for planetary systems in the solar neighbourhood
• Survey for Transiting Extrasolar Planets in Stellar Systems: III. A Limit on the Fraction of Stars with Planets in the Open Cluster NGC 1245
• The AGN and Gas Disk in the Low Surface Brightness Galaxy PGC045080
• The Challenge of Wide-Field Transit Surveys: The Case of GSC 01944-02289
• Precise Radius Estimates for the Exoplanets WASP-1b and WASP-2b
• Testing blend scenarios for extrasolar transiting planet candidates. II. -- OGLE-TR-56
• The Chemical Compositions of Stars with Planets: A Review
• Kinematics of planet-host stars and their relation with dynamical streams in the solar neighbourhood
• Planets in binary systems: is the present configuration indicative of the formation process?
• Normal Parameters for an Analytic Description of the CMB Cosmological Parameter Likelihood

Cited by in corpus (113)

• Efficient, uninformative sampling of limb darkening coefficients for two-parameter laws
• Improved parameters for extrasolar transiting planets
• The 3.6-8.0 Micron Broadband Emission Spectrum of HD 209458b: Evidence for an Atmospheric Temperature Inversion
• Homogeneous studies of transiting extrasolar planets. I. Light curve analyses
• Terrestrial Planet Occurrence Rates for the Kepler GK Dwarf Sample
• The Flat Transmission Spectrum of the Super-Earth GJ1214b from Wide Field Camera 3 on the Hubble Space Telescope
• Friends of Hot Jupiters I: A Radial Velocity Search for Massive, Long-Period Companions to Close-In Gas Giant Planets
• Parameter Estimation from Time-Series Data with Correlated Errors: A Wavelet-Based Method and its Application to Transit Light Curves
• The Transit Light Curve Project. IX. Evidence for a Smaller Radius of the Exoplanet XO-3b
• The Mass of KOI-94d and a Relation for Planet Radius, Mass, and Incident Flux
• Homogeneous studies of transiting extrasolar planets. III. Additional planets and stellar models
• Theoretical Spectra and Light Curves of Close-in Extrasolar Giant Planets and Comparison with Data
• Evidence of Possible Spin-Orbit Misalignment Along the Line of Sight in Transiting Exoplanet Systems
• WASP-3b: a strongly-irradiated transiting gas-giant planet
• Tidal Evolution of Close-in Planets
• Observational Evidence for Tidal Destruction of Exoplanets
• Analytic Approximations for Transit Light Curve Observables, Uncertainties, and Covariances
• Extrasolar planets in stellar multiple systems
• Evidence of an Upper Bound on the Masses of Planets and its Implications for Giant Planet Formation
• Homogeneous studies of transiting extrasolar planets. V. New results for 38 planets
• HAT-P-12b: A Low-Density Sub-Saturn Mass Planet Transiting a Metal-Poor K Dwarf
• The GJ1214 Super-Earth System: Stellar Variability, New Transits, and a Search for Additional Planets
• The 8 Micron Phase Variation of the Hot Saturn HD 149026b
• Gran Telescopio Canarias OSIRIS Transiting Exoplanet Atmospheric Survey: Detection of potassium in XO-2b from narrowband spectrophotometry
• The Photoeccentric Effect and Proto-Hot Jupiters I. Measuring photometric eccentricities of individual transiting planets
• Homogeneous studies of transiting extrasolar planets. II. Physical properties
• HAT-P-13b,c: a transiting hot Jupiter with a massive outer companion on an eccentric orbit
• Extrasolar Giant Planets and X-ray Activity
• HAT-P-3b: A heavy-element rich planet transiting a K dwarf star
• Mass-loss rates for transiting exoplanets
• A library of ATMO forward model transmission spectra for hot Jupiter exoplanets
• The Transit Light Curve Project. VII. The Not-So-Bloated Exoplanet HAT-P-1b
• GTC OSIRIS transiting exoplanet atmospheric survey: detection of sodium in XO-2b from differential long-slit spectroscopy
• Constraining Tidal Dissipation in Stars from The Destruction Rates of Exoplanets
• Observational constraints on tidal effects using orbital eccentricities
• Characterizing the Orbital Eccentricities of Transiting Extrasolar Planets with Photometric Observations
• TESS Transit Timing of Hundreds of Hot Jupiters
• The dissimilar chemical composition of the planet-hosting stars of the XO-2 binary system
• A Transiting Hot Jupiter Orbiting a Metal-Rich Star
• Long-Term Transit Timing Monitoring and Refined Light Curve Parameters of HAT-P-13b
• C/O Ratios of Stars with Transiting Hot Jupiter Exoplanets
• Thermal Emission from Transiting Very-Hot Jupiters: Prospects for Ground-based Detection at Optical Wavelengths
• Hot Jupiters and the evolution of stellar angular momentum
• Transits and Occultations
• Tidal Dissipation and Obliquity Evolution in Hot Jupiter Systems
• Disentangling degenerate solutions from primary transit and secondary eclipse spectroscopy of exoplanets
• Near-infrared transit photometry of the exoplanet HD 149026b
• Spitzer/MIPS 24 micron Observations of HD 209458b: 3 eclipses, 2.5 transits, and a Phase Curve Corrupted by Instrumental Sensitivity Variations
• Detection of Thermal Emission of XO-2b: Evidence for a Weak Temperature Inversion
• Empirical Constraints on the Oblateness of an Exoplanet
• Empirical Constraints on Trojan Companions and Orbital Eccentricities in 25 Transiting Exoplanetary Systems
• ExoClock Project III: 450 new exoplanet ephemerides from ground and space observations
• XO-5b: A Transiting Jupiter-sized Planet With A Four Day Period
• A simple model of the reflection effect for the interacting binaries and extrasolar planets
• The Curious Case of Elemental Abundance Differences in the Dual Hot Jupiter Hosts WASP-94AB
• Abundance Differences Between Exoplanet Binary Host Stars XO-2N and XO-2S -- Dependence on Stellar Parameters
• First results from the MIT Optical Rapid Imaging System (MORIS) on the IRTF: a stellar occultation by Pluto and a transit by exoplanet XO-2b
• Of `Cocktail Parties' and Exoplanets
• The GAPS Programme with HARPS-N at TNG. X. Differential abundances in the XO-2 planet hosting binary
• Predicting the Yields of Photometric Surveys for Transiting Extrasolar Planets
• WASP-94 A and B planets: hot-Jupiter cousins in a twin-star system
• Friends of Hot Jupiters III: An Infrared Spectroscopic Search for Low-Mass Stellar Companions
• Blind extraction of an exoplanetary spectrum through Independent Component Analysis
• The GAPS Programme with HARPS-N@TNG V. A comprehensive analysis of the XO-2 stellar and planetary systems
• The GAPS Programme with HARPS-N at TNG. XXXV. Fundamental properties of transiting exoplanet host stars
• The Frequency of Large Radius Hot and Very Hot Jupiters in omega Centauri
• ExoClock project II: A large-scale integrated study with 180 updated exoplanet ephemerides
• A giant planet in the triple system HD132563
• The Transit Light Curve Project. XII. Six Transits of the Exoplanet XO-2b
• Transmission spectroscopy of exoplanet XO-2b observed with HST NICMOS
• Evidence for disequilibrium chemistry from vertical mixing in hot Jupiter atmospheres. A comprehensive survey of transiting close-in gas giant exoplanets with warm-Spitzer/IRAC
• A Precise Estimate of the Radius of the Exoplanet HD 149026b from Spitzer Photometry
• Refined physical properties of the HAT-P-13 planetary system
• Discovery of XO-6b: a hot Jupiter transiting a fast rotating F5 star on an oblique orbit
• Carbon and Oxygen Abundances in the Hot Jupiter Exoplanet Host Star XO-2N and its Binary Companion
• The GAPS programme with HARPS-N@TNG IV: A planetary system around XO-2S
• Independent confirmation and refined parameters of the hot Jupiter XO-5b
• A homogeneous spectroscopic analysis of host stars of transiting planets
• NICMOS Observations of the Transiting Hot Jupiter XO-1b
• Colour-magnitude diagrams of transiting Exoplanets - II. A larger sample from photometric distances
• Original Research By Young Twinkle Students (ORBYTS): Ephemeris Refinement of Transiting Exoplanets
• Quantifying the Observational Effort Required for the Radial Velocity Characterization of TESS Planets
• Tidally Distorted Exoplanets: Density Corrections for Short-Period Hot-Jupiters based solely on Observable Parameters
• Ground-based multisite observations of two transits of HD 80606b
• Optimizing exoplanet transit searches around low-mass stars with inclination constraints
• Photometric Follow-up Observations of the Transiting Neptune-Mass Planet GJ 436b
• Efficient, uninformative sampling of limb-darkening coefficients for a three-parameter law
• Relative photometry of HAT-P-1b occultations
• Exterior Companions to Hot Jupiters Orbiting Cool Stars are Coplanar
• XO-2b: a Prograde Planet with a Negligible Eccentricity, and an Additional Radial Velocity Variation
• WASP-147b, 160Bb, 164b and 165b: two hot Saturns and two Jupiters, including two planets with metal-rich hosts
• On the rotational behavior of parent stars of extrasolar planets
• XO-2b: a hot Jupiter with a variable host star that potentially affects its measured transit depth
• Ground-based Spectroscopy of the Exoplanet XO-2b using a Systematic Wavelength Calibration
• Interpreting the yield of transit surveys: Are there groups in the known transiting planets population?
• HATS-50b through HATS-53b: four transiting hot Jupiters orbiting G-type stars discovered by the HATSouth survey
• Accurate Atmospheric Parameters at Moderate Resolution Using Spectral Indices: Preliminary Application to the MARVELS Survey
• New transit timing observations for GJ 436 b, HAT-P-3 b, HAT-P-19 b, WASP-3 b, and XO-2 b
• XO-7 b: A transiting hot Jupiter with a massive companion on a wide orbit
• Original Research By Young Twinkle Students (ORBYTS): Ephemeris Refinement of Transiting Exoplanets II
• Looking For Timing Variations in the Transits of 16 Exoplanets
• Data analysis Pipeline for EChO end-to-end simulations
• The bright side of the light curve: a general photometric model of non-transiting exorings
• The XO Planetary Survey Project - Astrophysical False Positives
• Robustly detecting changes in warm Jupiters' transit impact parameters
• APOSTLE: Longterm Transit Monitoring and Stability Analysis of XO-2b
• Bayesian Methods for Exoplanet Science
• Small Telescope Exoplanet Transit Surveys: XO
• The NASA EPOXI mission of opportunity to gather ultraprecise photometry of known transiting exoplanets
• Evidence for the Late Arrival of Hot Jupiters in Systems with High Host-star Obliquities
• The GAPS Programme at TNG. LIII. New insights on the peculiar XO-2 system
• Extrasolar Planets Orbiting Active Stars
• Precision Time-series Photometry in the Thermal Infrared with a 'Wall-Eyed' Pointing Mode at the Large Binocular Telescope