Tidally Distorted Exoplanets: Density Corrections for Short-Period Hot-Jupiters based solely on Observable Parameters
arXiv:1405.1839 · doi:10.1088/0004-637X/789/2/113
Abstract
The close proximity of short period hot-Jupiters to their parent star means they are subject to extreme tidal forces. This has a profound effect on their structure and, as a result, density measurements that assume that the planet is spherical can be incorrect. We have simulated the tidally distorted surface for 34 known short period hot-Jupiters, assuming surfaces of constant gravitational equipotential for the planet, and the resulting densities have been calculated based only on observed parameters of the exoplanet systems. Comparing these results to the density values assuming the planets are spherical shows that there is an appreciable change in the measured density for planets with very short periods (typically less than two days). For one of the shortest-period systems, WASP-19b, we determine a decrease in bulk density of 12% from the spherical case and, for the majority of systems in this study, this value is in the range of 1-5%. On the other-hand, we also find cases where the distortion is negligible (relative to the measurement errors on the planetary parameters) even in the cases of some very short period systems, depending on the mass ratio and planetary radius. For high-density gas-planets requiring apparently anomalously large core masses, density corrections due to tidal deformation could become important for the shortest-period systems.
arXiv comment20 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables. Accepted for publication in ApJ
References in corpus (59)
- Detection of an Extrasolar Planet Atmosphere
- The WASP Project and the SuperWASP Cameras
- Formation of Hot Planets by a combination of planet scattering, tidal circularization, and Kozai mechanism
- Spin-orbit angle measurements for six southern transiting planets; New insights into the dynamical origins of hot Jupiters
- WASP-12b: The hottest transiting planet yet discovered
- The N2K Consortium. II. A Transiting Hot Saturn Around HD 149026 With a Large Dense Core
- HAT-P-16b: A 4 Mj Planet Transiting A Bright Star On An Eccentric Orbit
- Homogeneous studies of transiting extrasolar planets. III. Additional planets and stellar models
- On the Radii of Extrasolar Giant Planets
- Ground-based detection of sodium in the transmission spectrum of exoplanet HD209458b
- Transiting exoplanets from the CoRoT space mission II. CoRoT-Exo-2b: A transiting planet around an active G star
- WASP-3b: a strongly-irradiated transiting gas-giant planet
- Tidal Evolution of Close-in Planets
- Ocean Planet or Thick Atmosphere: On the Mass-Radius Relationship for Solid Exoplanets with Massive Atmospheres
- Near-UV Absorption, Chromospheric Activity, and Star-Planet Interactions in the WASP-12 system
- A short-period censor of sub-Jupiter mass exoplanets with low density
- Atmosphere, Interior, and Evolution of the Metal-Rich Transiting Planet HD 149026b
- Transiting exoplanets from the CoRoT space mission I - CoRoT-Exo-1b: a low-density short-period planet around a G0V star
- HST hot Jupiter transmission spectral survey: evidence for aerosols and lack of TiO in the atmosphere of WASP-12b
- System description and first light-curves of HAT, an autonomous observatory for variability search
- XO-2b: Transiting Hot Jupiter in a Metal-rich Common Proper Motion Binary
- WASP-43b: The closest-orbiting hot Jupiter
- Kepler-63b: A Giant Planet in a Polar Orbit around a Young Sun-like Star
- HAT-P-20b--HAT-P-23b: Four Massive Transiting Extrasolar Planets
- Mass-radius relationships for exoplanets
- On the Orbit of Exoplanet WASP-12b
- WASP-12b as a prolate, inflated and disrupting planet from tidal dissipation
- HAT-P-3b: A heavy-element rich planet transiting a K dwarf star
- On the orbit of the short-period exoplanet WASP-19b
- TrES-3: A Nearby, Massive, Transiting Hot Jupiter in a 31-Hour Orbit
- On the Origin of HD149026b
- HAT-P-5b: A Jupiter-like hot Jupiter Transiting a Bright Star
- WASP-14b: 7.3 Mj transiting planet in an eccentric orbit
- Near-infrared transit photometry of the exoplanet HD 149026b
- WASP-35b, WASP-48b and WASP-51b: Two new planets and an independent discovery of HAT-P-30b
- Ground-based detection of thermal emission from the exoplanet WASP-19b
- Exoplanet detection capability of the COROT space mission
- Empirical Constraints on the Oblateness of an Exoplanet
- HAT-P-30b: A transiting hot Jupiter on a highly oblique orbit
- WASP-29b: A Saturn-sized transiting exoplanet
- System parameters, transit times and secondary eclipse constraints of the exoplanet systems HAT-P-4, TrES-2, TrES-3 and WASP-3 from the NASA EPOXI Mission of Opportunity
- A simple model of the reflection effect for the interacting binaries and extrasolar planets
- Discovery and Atmospheric Characterization of Giant Planet Kepler-12b: An Inflated Radius Outlier
- Qatar-1b: a hot Jupiter orbiting a metal-rich K dwarf star
- OGLE2-TR-L9: An extrasolar planet transiting a fast-rotating F3 star
- A lower radius and mass for the transiting extrasolar planet HAT-P-8b
- Distorted, non-spherical transiting planets: impact on the transit depth and on the radius determination
- z'-band Ground-Based Detection of the Secondary Eclipse of WASP-19b
- Kepler-77b: a very low albedo, Saturn-mass transiting planet around a metal-rich solar-like star
- Transiting exoplanets from the CoRoT space mission. XII. CoRoT-12b: a short-period low-density planet transiting a solar analog star
- Comprehensive time series analysis of the transiting extrasolar planet WASP-33b
- The `666' collaboration on OGLE transits: I. Accurate radius of the planets OGLE-TR-10b and OGLE-TR-56b with VLT deconvolution photometry
- Roche tomography of cataclysmic variables: I. artefacts and techniques
- Transiting exoplanets from the CoRoT space mission: XIII. CoRoT-14b: an unusually dense very hot Jupiter
- Roche tomography of cataclysmic variables -- II. Images of the secondary stars in AM Her, QQ Vul, IP Peg and HU Aqr
- WASP-32b: A transiting hot Jupiter planet orbiting a lithium-poor, solar-type star
- Internal Structure and Apsidal Motions of Polytropic Stars in Close Binaries
- WASP-26b: A 1-Jupiter-mass planet around an early-G-type star
- Roche tomography of cataclysmic variables - V. A high-latitude star-spot on RU Pegasi
Cited by in corpus (9)
- Mass Loss from the Exoplanet WASP-12b Inferred from Phase Curves
- High-precision photometry by telescope defocussing. VII. The ultra-short period planet WASP-103
- Transit light curve and inner structure of close-in planets
- Detection of the tidal deformation of WASP-103b at with CHEOPS
- Detectability of shape deformation in short-period exoplanets
- Limb darkening measurements from TESS and Kepler light curves of transiting exoplanets
- Tidal Response and Shape of Hot Jupiters
- Tidal Distortions as a Bottleneck on Constraining Exoplanet Compositions
- The Observational Effects and Signatures of Tidally Distorted Solid Exoplanets