TOI-132 b: A short-period planet in the Neptune desert transiting a $V=11.3$ G-type star

Abstract

The Neptune desert is a feature seen in the radius-mass-period plane, whereby a notable dearth of short period, Neptune-like planets is found. Here we report the {\it TESS} discovery of a new short-period planet in the Neptune desert, orbiting the G-type dwarf TYC\,8003-1117-1 (TOI-132). {\it TESS} photometry shows transit-like dips at the level of $\sim$1400 ppm occurring every $\sim$2.11 days. High-precision radial velocity follow-up with HARPS confirmed the planetary nature of the transit signal and provided a semi-amplitude radial velocity variation of $\sim$11.5 m s${}^{-1}$, which, when combined with the stellar mass of $0.97\pm 0.06$ $M_{\odot }$, provides a planetary mass of 22.83${}_{-1.80}^{+1.81}$ $M_{\oplus }$. Modeling the {\it TESS} high-quality light curve returns a planet radius of 3.43${}_{-0.14}^{+0.13}$ $R_{\oplus }$, and therefore the planet bulk density is found to be 3.11${}_{-0.450}^{+0.44}$ g cm${}^{-3}$. Planet structure models suggest that the bulk of the planet mass is in the form of a rocky core, with an atmospheric mass fraction of 4.3${}_{-2.3}^{+1.2}$\%. TOI-132 b is a {\it TESS} Level 1 Science Requirement candidate, and therefore priority follow-up will allow the search for additional planets in the system, whilst helping to constrain low-mass planet formation and evolution models, particularly valuable for better understanding the Neptune desert.

arXiv comment12 pages, 10 figures, 4 tables. Submitted to MNRAS. Comments welcome. Missing labels, Typos fixed

References in corpus (76)

• Maps of Dust IR Emission for Use in Estimation of Reddening and CMBR Foregrounds
• The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite
• dynesty: A Dynamic Nested Sampling Package for Estimating Bayesian Posteriors and Evidences
• The generalised Lomb-Scargle periodogram. A new formalism for the floating-mean and Keplerian periodograms
• The California-Kepler Survey. III. A Gap in the Radius Distribution of Small Planets
• Accurate masses and radii of normal stars: modern results and applications
• Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network
• batman: BAsic Transit Model cAlculatioN in Python
• Planetary Candidates Observed by Kepler, III: Analysis of the First 16 Months of Data
• Kepler Presearch Data Conditioning II - A Bayesian Approach to Systematic Error Correction
• Efficient, uninformative sampling of limb darkening coefficients for two-parameter laws
• Elemental Abundance Survey of The Galactic Thick Disk
• Prevalence of Earth-size planets orbiting Sun-like stars
• Kepler planets: a tale of evaporation
• No planet for HD 166435
• EXOFAST: A fast exoplanetary fitting suite in IDL
• The TESS Input Catalog and Candidate Target List
• Understanding the Mass-Radius Relation for Sub-Neptunes: Radius as a Proxy for Composition
• AstroImageJ: Image Processing and Photometric Extraction for Ultra-Precise Astronomical Light Curves
• AstroImageJ: Image Processing and Photometric Extraction for Ultra-Precise Astronomical Light Curves (Expanded Edition)
• Growth Model Interpretation of Planet Size Distribution
• Homogeneous studies of transiting extrasolar planets. IV. Thirty systems with space-based light curves
• RadVel: The Radial Velocity Modeling Toolkit
• An asteroseismic view of the radius valley: stripped cores, not born rocky
• The Role of Core Mass in Controlling Evaporation: the Kepler Radius Distribution and the Kepler-36 Density Dichotomy
• Masses, Radii, and Orbits of Small Kepler Planets: The Transition from Gaseous to Rocky Planets
• Accurate, Empirical Radii and Masses of Planets and their Host Stars with Gaia Parallaxes
• Mass-Radius Relation for Rocky Planets based on PREM
• Spectroscopy Made Easy: Evolution
• Planetary population synthesis coupled with atmospheric escape: a statistical view of evaporation
• Dearth of short-period Neptunian exoplanets - a desert in period-mass and period-radius planes
• Juliet: a versatile modelling tool for transiting and non-transiting exoplanetary systems
• Evidence for a systematic offset of -80 micro-arcseconds in the Gaia DR2 parallaxes
• Precision Stellar Characterization of FGKM Stars using an Empirical Spectral Library
• The Next Generation Transit Survey (NGTS)
• Rotation and magnetism of Kepler pulsating solar-like stars. Towards asteroseismically calibrated age-rotation relations
• Hot super-Earths stripped by their host stars
• Kepler Data Validation II -- Transit Model Fitting and Multiple-Planet Search
• Determining global parameters of the oscillations of solar-like stars
• Photoevaporation and High-Eccentricity Migration Created the Sub-Jovian Desert
• Evolutionary Analysis of Gaseous Sub-Neptune-Mass Planets with MESA
• A short-period censor of sub-Jupiter mass exoplanets with low density
• Eclipsing Binary Stars as Benchmarks for Trigonometric Parallaxes in the Gaia Era
• TESS Discovery of a Transiting Super-Earth in the $\pi$ Mensae System
• The physical properties of extrasolar planets
• Emerging Trends in a Period-Radius Distribution of Close-in Planets
• A planetary system around the nearby M dwarf GJ 667C with at least one super-Earth in its habitable zone
• Empirical, Accurate Masses and Radii of Single Stars with TESS and Gaia
• Systemic: A Testbed For Characterizing the Detection of Extrasolar Planets. I. The Systemic Console Package
• Zodiacal Exoplanets in Time (ZEIT) IV: seven transiting planets in the Praesepe cluster
• Surface rotation and photometric activity for Kepler targets I. M and K main-sequence stars
• Local Stellar Kinematics from RAVE Data: I. Local Standard of Rest
• Surface rotation of Kepler red giant stars
• Pyaneti: a fast and powerful software suite for multi-planet radial velocity and transit fitting
• The HARPS search for southern extra-solar planets. XXXI. Magnetic activity cycles in solar-type stars: statistics and impact on precise radial velocities
• SPECIES I: Spectroscopic Parameters and atmosphEric ChemIstriEs of Stars
• NGTS-4b: A sub-Neptune Transiting in the Desert
• The planet search programme at the ESO CES and HARPS. IV. The search for Jupiter analogues around solar-like stars
• Radial velocity confirmation of K2-100b: a young, highly irradiated, and low density transiting hot Neptune
• HD 1397b: a transiting warm giant planet orbiting a V = 7.8 mag sub-giant star discovered by TESS
• HD 213885b: A transiting 1-day-period super-Earth with an Earth-like composition around a bright ($V=7.9$) star unveiled by TESS
• The mass-period distribution of close-in exoplanets
• Super-Earth of 8 Mearth in a 2.2-day orbit around the K5V star K2-216
• The Transiting Multi-planet System HD15337: Two Nearly Equal-mass Planets Straddling the Radius Gap
• EPIC 210894022b - A short period super-Earth transiting a metal poor, evolved old star
• Speckle interferometry at SOAR in 2016 and 2017
• HD219666b: A hot-Neptune from TESS Sector 1
• HATS-25b through HATS-30b: A Half-dozen New Inflated Transiting Hot Jupiters from the HATSouth Survey
• The test case of HD26965: difficulties disentangling weak Doppler signals from stellar activity
• TOI-150b and TOI-163b: two transiting hot Jupiters, one eccentric and one inflated, revealed by TESS near and at the edge of the JWST CVZ
• Detection and Doppler monitoring of EPIC 246471491, a system of four transiting planets smaller than Neptune
• A possible correlation between planetary radius and orbital period for small planets
• Detection and characterization of an ultra-dense sub-Neptune planet orbiting the Sun-like star HD 119130
• Exoplanet Populations and their Dependence on Host Star Properties
• An 11 Earth-Mass, Long-Period Sub-Neptune Orbiting a Sun-like Star
• Greening of the Brown Dwarf Desert. EPIC 212036875 b -- a 51 M${}_{\mathrm{J}}$ object in a 5 day orbit around an F7 V star

Cited by in corpus (18)

• The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs -- LP 714-47b (TOI 442.01): Populating the Neptune desert
• TOI-431/HIP 26013: a super-Earth and a sub-Neptune transiting a bright, early K dwarf, with a third RV planet
• Stellar Companions to TESS Objects of Interest: A Test of Planet-Companion Alignment
• TOI-674b: an oasis in the desert of exo-Neptunes transiting a nearby M dwarf
• The TIME Table: Rotation and Ages of Cool Exoplanet Host Stars
• Three Short Period Jupiters from TESS
• How does the mass and activity history of the host star affect the population of low-mass planets?
• The Magellan/PFS Exoplanet Search: A 55-day period dense Neptune transiting the bright ($V=8.6$) star HD 95338
• The TOI-763 system: sub-Neptunes orbiting a Sun-like star
• TOI-4010: A System of Three Large Short-Period Planets With a Massive Long-Period Companion
• NGTS-14Ab: a Neptune-sized transiting planet in the desert
• The HD 93963 A transiting system: A 1.04d super-Earth and a 3.65 d sub-Neptune discovered by TESS and CHEOPS
• A hot sub-Neptune in the desert and a temperate super-Earth around faint M dwarfs: Color validation of TOI-4479b and TOI-2081b
• The multi-planet system TOI-421 -- A warm Neptune and a super puffy mini-Neptune transiting a G9 V star in a visual binary
• DMPP-4: Candidate sub-Neptune mass planets orbiting a naked-eye star
• The TESS-Keck Survey. XIII. An Eccentric Hot Neptune with a Similar-Mass Outer Companion around TOI-1272
• Mass loss by atmospheric escape from extremely close-in planets
• The Occurrence-weighted Median Planets Discovered by Transit Surveys Orbiting Solar-type Stars and Their Implications for Planet Formation and Evolution