Stellar Companions to TESS Objects of Interest: A Test of Planet-Companion Alignment

Abstract

We present a catalog of stellar companions to host stars of Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite Objects of Interest (TOIs) identified from a marginalized likelihood ratio test that incorporates astrometric data from the Gaia Early Data Release 3 catalog (EDR3). The likelihood ratio is computed using a probabilistic model that incorporates parallax and proper-motion covariances and marginalizes the distances and 3D velocities of stars in order to identify comoving stellar pairs. We find 172 comoving companions to 170 non-false-positive TOI hosts, consisting of 168 systems with two stars and 2 systems with three stars. Among the 170 TOI hosts, 54 harbor confirmed planets that span a wide range of system architectures. We conduct an investigation of the mutual inclinations between the stellar companion and planetary orbits using Gaia EDR3, which is possible because transiting exoplanets must orbit within the line of sight; thus, stellar companion kinematics can constrain mutual inclinations. While the statistical significance of the current sample is weak, we find that 73${}_{-20}^{+14}\%$ of systems with Kepler-like architectures ($R_P$ $\le$ 4 $R_{\oplus }$ and $a$ $<$ 1 AU) appear to favor a nonisotropic orientation between the planetary and companion orbits with a typical mutual inclination $\alpha$ of 35 $\pm$ 24${}^{\circ }$. In contrast, 65${}_{-35}^{+20}\%$ of systems with close-in giants ($P$ $<$ 10 days and $R_P$ $>$ 4 $R_{\oplus }$) favor a perpendicular geometry ($\alpha =$ 89 $\pm$ 21${}^{\circ }$) between the planet and companion. Moreover, the close-in giants with large stellar obliquities (planet-host misalignment) are also those that favor significant planet-companion misalignment.

arXiv comment17 pages and 12 figures. Accepted for publication in The Astronomical Journal

References in corpus (45)

• Astropy: A Community Python Package for Astronomy
• Gaia Data Release 2. Summary of the contents and survey properties
• The Astropy Project: Building an inclusive, open-science project and status of the v2.0 core package
• The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite
• MultiNest: an efficient and robust Bayesian inference tool for cosmology and particle physics
• A Survey of Stellar Families: Multiplicity of Solar-Type Stars
• Shrinking binary and planetary orbits by Kozai cycles with tidal friction
• Exploring the Milky Way stellar disk. A detailed elemental abundance study of 714 F and G dwarf stars in the Solar neighbourhood
• The Revised TESS Input Catalog and Candidate Target List
• The Occurrence and Architecture of Exoplanetary Systems
• Elemental Abundance Survey of The Galactic Thick Disk
• The NASA Exoplanet Archive: Data and Tools for Exoplanet Research
• Hot Stars with Hot Jupiters Have High Obliquities
• Origins of Hot Jupiters
• BANYAN. XI. The BANYAN $\Sigma$ multivariate Bayesian algorithm to identify members of young associations within 150 pc
• Unresolved stellar companions with Gaia DR2 astrometry
• The California-Kepler Survey. IV. Metal-rich Stars Host a Greater Diversity of Planets
• Exoplanet population inference and the abundance of Earth analogs from noisy, incomplete catalogs
• The Impact of Stellar Multiplicity on Planetary Systems, I.: The Ruinous Influence of Close Binary Companions
• SOAR TESS Survey. I: Sculpting of TESS planetary systems by stellar companions
• Inferring the eccentricity distribution
• Oxygen trends in the Galactic thin and thick disks
• orbitize!: A Comprehensive Orbit-fitting Software Package for the High-contrast Imaging Community
• Comoving stars in Gaia DR1: An abundance of very wide separation co-moving pairs
• Photometric Amplitude Distribution of Stellar Rotation of Kepler KOIs-Indication for Spin-Orbit Alignment of Cool Stars and High Obliquity for Hot Stars
• Friends of Hot Jupiters. IV. Stellar companions beyond 50 AU might facilitate giant planet formation, but most are unlikely to cause Kozai-Lidov migration
• Impact of Binary Stars on Planet Statistics -- I. Planet Occurrence Rates, Trends with Stellar Mass, and Wide Companions to Hot Jupiter Hosts
• Eccentricity distribution of wide binaries
• Do binaries in clusters form in the same way as in the field?
• A Preponderance of Perpendicular Planets
• Cluster Difference Imaging Photometric Survey. II. TOI 837: A Young Validated Planet in IC 2602
• SOAR TESS Survey. II: The impact of stellar companions on planetary populations
• Gaia Search for stellar Companions of TESS Objects of Interest
• Adaptive Optics Images III: 87 Kepler Objects of Interest
• Local stellar kinematics from RAVE data: II. Radial Metallicity Gradient
• Using APOGEE Wide Binaries to Test Chemical Tagging with Dwarf Stars
• Gaia Search for stellar Companions of TESS Objects of Interest II
• Hot Stars With Kepler Planets Have High Obliquities
• Ultra-short-period Planets are Stable Against Tidal Inspiral
• Know thy star, know thy planet: Chemo-kinematically characterizing TESS targets
• TOI-132 b: A short-period planet in the Neptune desert transiting a $V=11.3$ G-type star
• The spin-orbit alignment of visual binaries
• An optical transmission spectrum of the transiting hot Jupiter in the metal-poor WASP-98 planetary system
• A white dwarf bound to the transiting planetary system WASP-98
• From Warm Planets to Perpendicular Hot Planets

Cited by in corpus (19)

• Stellar obliquities in exoplanetary systems
• TOI-3714 b and TOI-3629 b: Two gas giants transiting M dwarfs confirmed with HPF and NEID
• The mystery in Gaia DR3 triples: occurrence rates, orientations, and eccentricities of wide tertiaries around close binaries
• TOI-837b is a Young Saturn-sized Exoplanet with a Massive 70 $M_{\oplus }$ Core
• Stellar obliquities of eight close-in gas giant exoplanets
• The McDonald Accelerating Stars Survey (MASS): Architecture of the Ancient Five-Planet Host System Kepler-444
• ATREIDES I. Embarking on a trek across the exo-Neptunian landscape with the TOI-421 system
• DMPP-3: confirmation of short-period S-type planet(s) in a compact eccentric binary star system, and warnings about long-period RV planet detections
• Planet Hunters TESS V: a planetary system around a binary star, including a mini-Neptune in the habitable zone
• NIRPS and TESS reveal a peculiar system around the M dwarf TOI-756: A transiting sub-Neptune and a cold eccentric giant
• Gl 725A b: a potential super-Earth detected with SOPHIE and SPIRou in an M dwarf binary system at 3.5 pc
• A Transiting Super-Earth in the Radius Valley and An Outer Planet Candidate Around HD 307842
• Stellar Obliquity Excitation via Disk Dispersal-Driven Resonances in Binaries
• The PAIRS project: a global formation model for planets in binaries. II. Gravitational perturbation effects from secondary stars
• Dynamical Architectures of S-type Transiting Planets in Binaries II: A Dichotomy in Orbital Alignment of Small Planets in Close Binary Systems
• TESS and HARPS-N unveil two planets transiting TOI-1453. A super-Earth and one of the lowest mass sub-Neptunes
• The PAIRS project: a global formation model for planets in binaries. I. Effect of disc truncation on the growth of S-type planets
• Planetary architectures under the influence of a stellar binary
• The eccentricity distribution of wide binaries and their individual measurements