3D kinematics and age distribution of the Open Cluster population

Abstract

Open Clusters (OCs) can trace with a great accuracy the evolution of the Galactic disk. The aim of this work is to study the kinematical behavior of the OC population over time. We take advantage of the latest age determinations of OCs to investigate the correlations of the 6D phase space coordinates and orbital properties with age. We also investigate the rotation curve of the Milky Way traced by OCs and we compare it to that of other observational or theoretical studies. We gathered nearly 30000 Radial Velocity (RV) measurements of OC members from both Gaia-RVS data and ground based surveys and catalogues. We computed the weighted mean RV, Galactic velocities and orbital parameters of 1382 OCs. We investigated their distributions as a function of age, and by comparison to field stars. We provide the largest RV catalogue available for OCs, half of it based on at least 3 members. Compared to field stars, we note that OCs are not exactly on the same arches in the radial-azimuthal velocity plane, while they seem to follow the same diagonal ridges in the Galactic radial distribution of azimuthal velocities. Velocity ellipsoids in different age bins all show a clear anisotropy. The heating rate of the OC population is similar to that of field stars for the radial and azimuthal components but significantly lower for the vertical component. The rotation curve drawn by our sample of clusters shows several dips, which match the wiggles derived from non-axisymmetric models of the Galaxy. From the computation of orbits, we obtain a clear dependence of the maximum height and eccentricity with age. Finally, the orbital characteristics of the sample of clusters as shown by the action variables, follow the distribution of field stars. The additional age information of the clusters points towards some (weak) age dependence of the known moving groups.

Accepted for publication in A&A, 16 pages, 14 figures

References in corpus (27)

• galpy: A Python Library for Galactic Dynamics
• The mass distribution and gravitational potential of the Milky Way
• Trigonometric Parallaxes Of High-Mass Star Forming Regions: Our View Of The Milky Way
• Painting a portrait of the Galactic disc with its stellar clusters
• Clusters and mirages: cataloguing stellar aggregates in the Milky Way
• Age determination for 269 $Gaia$ DR2 Open Clusters
• A catalog of newly identified star clusters in GAIA DR2
• Hunting for open clusters in \textit{Gaia} DR2: $582$ new OCs in the Galactic disc
• Vertical distribution of Galactic disk stars IV - AMR and AVR from clump giants
• The LAMOST Stellar Parameter Pipeline at Peking University --- LSP3
• The Sixth Data Release of the Radial Velocity Experiment (RAVE) -- II: Stellar Atmospheric Parameters, Chemical Abundances and Distances
• Hunting for open clusters in \textit{Gaia} DR2: the Galactic anticentre
• Origin and evolution of moving groups I. Characterization in the observational kinematic-age-metallicity space
• Age velocity dispersion relations and heating histories in disc galaxies
• Dissecting simulated disc galaxies II: the age-velocity relation
• On the age heterogeneity of the Pleiades, Hyades and Sirius moving groups
• Disassembling the Galaxy with angle-action coordinates
• The age-velocity dispersion relation of the Galactic discs from LAMOST-Gaia data
• Open clusters in APOGEE and GALAH: Combining Gaia and ground-based spectroscopic surveys
• The spiral pattern rotation speed of the Galaxy and the corotation radius with GAIA DR2
• Lessons from the curious case of the `fastest' star in Gaia DR2
• Three new Galactic star clusters discovered in the field of the open cluster NGC 5999 with Gaia DR2
• Models for the 3-D axisymmetric gravitational potential of the Milky Way Galaxy - A detailed modelling of the Galactic disk
• Exploring the origin of moving groups and diagonal ridges by simulations of stellar orbits and birthplaces
• The Imprint of Spiral Arms on the Galactic Rotation Curve
• The velocity ellipsoid in the Galactic disc using Gaia DR1
• A binary star sequence in the outskirts of the disrupting Galactic open cluster UBC 274

Cited by in corpus (68)

• Gaia Data Release 3 Properties and validation of the radial velocities
• Updated parameters of 1743 open clusters based on Gaia DR2
• Gaia Data Release 3: Analysis of RVS spectra using the General Stellar Parametriser from spectroscopy
• Hunting for open clusters in Gaia EDR3: $628$ new open clusters found with OCfinder
• On the Milky Way spiral arms from open clusters in Gaia EDR3
• Spectroscopic age estimates for APOGEE red-giant stars: Precise spatial and kinematic trends with age in the Galactic disc
• Mapping the Galactic Metallicity Gradient with Open Clusters: The State-of-the-Art and Future Challenges
• Gaia Data Release 3: Chemical cartography of the Milky Way
• Newly detected open clusters in the Galactic disk using Gaia EDR3
• The Galactic metallicity gradient shown by open clusters in the light of radial migration
• LAMOST meets Gaia: The Galactic Open Clusters
• Resolved stellar population properties of PHANGS-MUSE galaxies
• New Coronae and Stellar Associations Revealed by a Clustering Analysis of the Solar Neighborhood
• The spiral structure in the Solar neighborhood
• OCCASO V. Chemical-abundance trends with Galactocentric distance and age
• The influence of the environment on the spin evolution of low-mass stars. I. External photoevaporation of circumstellar disks
• A machine learning-based tool for open cluster membership determination in Gaia DR3
• Global survey of star clusters in the Milky Way -- VII. Tidal parameters and mass function
• Asteroseismology of the young open cluster NGC 2516 I: Photometric and spectroscopic observations
• An investigation of open clusters Berkeley 68 and Stock 20 using CCD UBV and Gaia DR3 data
• Planet Occurrence Rate Correlated to Stellar Dynamical History: Evidence from Kepler and Gaia
• Tidal tails of open clusters
• The list of possible double and multiple open clusters between galactic longitudes 240 and 270 degrees
• The cerium content of the Milky Way as revealed by Gaia DR3 GSP-Spec abundances
• Ongoing hierarchical massive cluster assembly: the LISCA II structure in the Perseus complex
• Enlightening the dynamical evolution of Galactic open clusters: an approach using Gaia DR3 and analytical descriptions
• The origin of early-type runaway stars from open clusters
• Disconnecting the Dots: Re-Examining the Nature of Stellar "Strings" in the Milky Way
• OCCASO IV. Radial Velocities and Open Cluster Kinematics
• One Star to Tag Them All (OSTTA): I. Radial velocities and chemical abundances for 20 poorly studied open clusters
• A photometric and astrometric study of the open clusters NGC 1664 and NGC 6939
• Determination of the Spiral Pattern Speed in the Milky Way from Young Open Star Clusters
• Discovery and description of two young open clusters in the primordial group of NGC 6871
• An analysis of the most distant catalogued open clusters -- Re-assessing fundamental parameters with Gaia EDR3 and $\text{ASteCA}$
• The longevity of the oldest open clusters: Structural parameters of NGC 188, NGC 2420, NGC 2425, NGC 2682, NGC 6791, NGC 6819
• Young nearby open clusters and their luminosity functions
• Unraveling UBC 274: a morphological, kinematical and chemical analysis of a disrupting open cluster
• Finding the birthplace of HMXBs in the Galaxy using Gaia EDR3: kinematical age determination through orbit integration
• Study of the Open Clusters in Kepler Prime Field
• The completeness of the open cluster census towards the Galactic anticentre
• Chemical abundances of the young inner-disk open cluster NGC 6705 observed by APOGEE: sodium-rich and not $\alpha$-enhanced
• Modelling the evolution of the Galactic disc scale height traced by open clusters
• eROSITA X-ray Analysis of the PeVatron Candidate Westerlund 1
• The physical association of planetary nebula NGC 2818 with open cluster NGC 2818A
• Topography of the Young Galactic Disk: Spatial and Kinematic Patterns of the Clustered Star Formation in the Solar Neighborhood
• New stellar age estimates using SPInS based on Gaia DR3 photometry and LAMOST DR8 abundances
• Potential Impact of the Sagittarius Dwarf Galaxy on the Formation of Young O-rich Stars
• Open superclusters I: The most populated primordial groups of open clusters in the third quadrant of the Galactic disc
• Detection of Gravitational Redshift in Open Cluster non-degenerate stars
• Kinematic-Chemical analysis and Time tagging for the Diagonal Ridge Structure of the Galactic Outer Disk with LAMOST Red Giant Branch Stars
• Standing torsional Alfvén waves as the source of the rotational period variation in magnetic early-type stars
• Kinematics of the Galaxy from Young Open Star Clusters with Data from the Gaia EDR3 Catalogue
• Unveiling the initial conditions of open star cluster formation
• From moving groups to star formation in the Solar Neighborhood
• An upper limit for the growth of inner planets?
• Evidence of a Disk-wind Origin for Fluorescent H${}_2$ in Classical T Tauri Stars
• The broadening of the main sequence in the open cluster M38
• Radial velocities from far red spectra of Carina Arm O and early B stars
• Spatial distribution and clustering properties of the young stellar populations in the Carina Nebula complex and Car OB1
• Moving Groups in the Solar Neighborhood with Gaia, APOGEE, GALAH, and LAMOST: Dynamical Effects Gather Gas and the Ensuing Star Formation Plays an Important Role in Shaping the Stellar Velocity Distributions
• LAMOST medium-resolution spectroscopic survey of Galactic Open Clusters (LAMOST-MRS-O): An overview of survey plan and preliminary results
• On Neutron Star Natal Kicks in High-Mass X-Ray Binaries: Insights from Population Synthesis
• On the Nature of the Protoplanetary Nebula OH\,231.8+4.2
• The morphological stability of open clusters: a new 2D perspective
• Study of the open cluster Alessi-Teutsch 9 (ASCC 10) using multiband photometry and Gaia EDR3
• Dynamical Models of the Milky Way in Action Space with LAMOST DR8 and GAIA EDR3
• Can superbubbles accelerate ultra-high energy protons?
• Right round: onset and long-term evolution of rotation in star clusters