Unified Rotation Curve of the Galaxy -- Decomposition into de Vaucouleurs Bulge, Disk, Dark Halo, and the 9-kpc Rotation Dip --

Abstract

We present a unified rotation curve of the Galaxy re-constructed from the existing data by re-calculating the distances and velocities for a set of galactic constants R_0=8 kpc and V_0=200 km/s. We decompose it into a bulge with de Vaucouleurs-law profile of half-mass scale radius 0.5 kpc and mass 1.8 x 10^{10}M_{sun}, an exponential disk of scale radius 3.5 kpc of 6.5 x 10^{10}M_{sun}, and an isothermal dark halo of terminal velocity 200 km/s. The r^{1/4}-law fit was obtained for the first time for the Milky Way's rotation curve. After fitting by these fundamental structures, two local minima, or the dips, of rotation velocity are prominent at radii 3 and 9 kpc. The 3-kpc dip is consistent with the observed bar. It is alternatively explained by a massive ring with the density maximum at radius 4 kpc. The 9-kpc dip is clearly exhibited as the most peculiar feature in the galactic rotation curve. We explain it by a massive ring of amplitude as large as 0.3 to 0.4 times the disk density with the density peak at radius 11 kpc. This great ring may be related to the Perseus arm, while no peculiar feature of HI-gas is associated.

PASJ, to appear, 11 pages

References in corpus (9)

• Three-Dimensional Distribution of the ISM in the Milky Way Galaxy: II. The Molecular Gas Disk
• The mass distribution in early-type disk galaxies: declining rotation curves and correlations with optical properties
• Astrometry of Galactic Star Forming Region Sharpless 269 with VERA : Parallax Measurements and Constraint on Outer Rotation Curve
• The distance to the Galactic Centre based on Population-II Cepheids and RR Lyrae stars
• The Distance to the Galactic Center Derived From Infrared Photometry of Bulge Red Clump Stars
• The rotation curves of flattened Sersic bulges
• Dynamical Effects of CDM Subhalos on a Galactic Disk
• Pseudo Rotation Curve connecting the Galaxy, Dark Halo, and Local Group
• Impact of dark matter subhalos on extended HI disks of galaxies: Possible formation of HI fine structures and stars

Cited by in corpus (204)

• The Galaxy in Context: Structural, Kinematic and Integrated Properties
• A History of Dark Matter
• Trigonometric Parallaxes Of High-Mass Star Forming Regions: Our View Of The Milky Way
• Fermi-LAT Observations of the Diffuse Gamma-Ray Emission: Implications for Cosmic Rays and the Interstellar Medium
• LAMOST Experiment for Galactic Understanding and Exploration (LEGUE) The survey science plan
• Teleparallel Gravity: From Theory to Cosmology
• Forming Realistic Late-Type Spirals in a LCDM Universe: The Eris Simulation
• A novel determination of the local dark matter density
• The Aquila comparison Project: The Effects of Feedback and Numerical Methods on Simulations of Galaxy Formation
• The Local Dark Matter Density
• Complex organic molecules in the interstellar medium: IRAM 30 m line survey of Sagittarius B2(N) and (M)
• The dark matter density at the Sun's location
• The Circular Velocity Curve of the Milky Way from $5$ to $25$ kpc
• Dynamical modelling of the Galactic bulge and bar: the Milky Way's bar pattern speed, stellar, and dark matter mass distribution
• The Dark Matter Halo of the Milky Way, AD 2013
• The RAVE survey: the Galactic escape speed and the mass of the Milky Way
• "Skinny Milky Way, Please", says Sagittarius
• Determination of the Local Dark Matter Density in our Galaxy
• The Gaia-ESO Survey: the Galactic Thick to Thin Disc transition
• Prospects for detection of detached double white dwarf binaries with Gaia, LSST and LISA
• On the Shoulders of Giants: Properties of the Stellar Halo and the Milky Way Mass Distribution
• Chemical tagging with APOGEE: Discovery of a large population of N-rich stars in the inner Galaxy
• The Milky Way's rotation curve out to 100 kpc and its constraint on the Galactic mass distribution
• On the fine structure of the Cepheid metallicity gradient in the Galactic thin disk
• Dark Matter distribution in the Milky Way: microlensing and dynamical constraints
• Galactic Rotation Curves vs. Ultra-Light Dark Matter: Implications of the Soliton -- Host Halo Relation
• Evidence for dark matter in the inner Milky Way
• Rotation Curve and Mass Distribution in the Galactic Center --- From Black Hole to Entire Galaxy ---
• Kinematics of the stellar halo and the mass distribution of the Milky Way using BHB stars
• Checking the dark matter origin of 3.53 keV line with the Milky Way center
• Made-to-Measure models of the Galactic Box/Peanut bulge: stellar and total mass in the bulge region
• Dynamical constraints on the dark matter distribution in the Milky Way
• Dark Matter Evidence, Particle Physics Candidates and Detection Methods
• Constraining the thick disc formation scenario of the Milky Way
• A new determination of the local dark matter density from the kinematics of K dwarfs
• The Mass Profile of the Galaxy to 80 kpc
• Gravitational-wave emission from compact Galactic binaries
• Rotation curve of the Milky Way from Classical Cepheids
• Rotation Curve of the Milky Way out to $\sim$ 200 kpc
• The Gaia-ESO Survey: metallicity and kinematic trends in the Milky Way bulge
• A Grand Rotation Curve and Dark Matter Halo in the Milky Way Galaxy
• Supermassive black holes do not correlate with dark matter halos of galaxies
• 3D kinematics and age distribution of the Open Cluster population
• Three-Dimensional Distribution of the ISM in the Milky Way Galaxy: III. The Total Neutral Gas Disk
• Revisiting the Tale of Hercules: how stars orbiting the Lagrange points visit the Sun
• Quantitative Spectroscopy of Blue Supergiant Stars in the Disk of M81: Metallicity, Metallicity Gradient and Distance
• Kinematical and chemical vertical structure of the Galactic thick disk II. A lack of dark matter in the solar neighborhood
• On the core-halo distribution of dark matter in galaxies
• Detection of the Keplerian decline in the Milky Way rotation curve
• On the identification of merger debris in the {\it Gaia} Era
• Formation history, structure and dynamics of discs and spheroids in simulated Milky Way mass galaxies
• Chemical evolution of the Galactic bulge as traced by microlensed dwarf and subgiant stars. II. Ages, metallicities, detailed elemental abundances, and connections to the Galactic thick disc
• Kinematics of massive star ejecta in the Milky Way as traced by 26Al
• Spiral morphology in an intensely star-forming disk galaxy more than 12 billion years ago
• The Circular Velocity Curve of the Milky Way from 5 to 25 kpc using luminous red giant branch star
• The spiral pattern rotation speed of the Galaxy and the corotation radius with GAIA DR2
• A multi-messenger study of the Milky Way's stellar disc and bulge with LISA, Gaia and LSST
• Rotation and Mass in the Milky Way and Spiral Galaxies
• Nuclear-Astrophysics Lessons from INTEGRAL
• Scaling Laws for Dark Matter Halos in Late-Type and Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxies
• MOA-II Galactic Microlensing Constraints: The Inner Milky Way has a Low Dark Matter Fraction and a Near Maximal Disk
• Clustering between high-mass X-ray binaries and OB associations in the Milky Way
• The Three-Dimensional Spatial Distribution of Interstellar Gas in the Milky Way: Implications for Cosmic Rays and High-Energy Gamma-Ray Emissions
• Handling the Uncertainties in the Galactic Dark Matter Distribution for Particle Dark Matter Searches
• Baryonic and dark matter distribution in cosmological simulations of spiral galaxies
• Gas Dynamics in the Galaxy: Total Mass Distribution and the Bar Pattern Speed
• The origin of pseudobulges in cosmological simulations of galaxy formation
• The incorrect rotation curve of the Milky Way
• The Rotation Curve, Mass Distribution and Dark Matter Content of the Milky Way from Classical Cepheids
• Limits on the local dark matter density
• Quantitative Spectroscopy of Blue Supergiants in Metal-Poor Dwarf Galaxy NGC 3109
• Galactic Rotation Dynamics in f(T) gravity
• Distance and Proper Motion Measurement of the Red Supergiant, S Persei, with VLBI H2O Maser Astrometry
• Galactic masers: kinematics, spiral structure and the disk dynamic state
• Kinematics and Chemistry of Stars Along the Sagittarius Trailing Tidal Tail and Constraints on the Milky Way Mass Distribution
• Equilibrium Structure and Radial Oscillations of Dark Matter Admixed Neutron Stars
• Measuring the local dark matter density with LAMOST DR5 and Gaia DR2
• Dark matter halo shapes in the Auriga simulations
• The Surface Density Profile of the Galactic Disk from the Terminal Velocity Curve
• A Council of Giants
• Determining the local dark matter density with LAMOST data
• Questioning a 3.5 keV dark matter emission line
• New insights on the Galactic Bulge Initial Mass Function
• Rotation Curve and Mass Distribution in the Galaxy from the Velocities of Objects at Distances up to 200 kpc
• Dynamical Evidence of a Solitonic Core of $10^9{M}_{\odot }$ in the Milky Way
• The role of the Galactic bar in the chemical evolution of the Milky Way
• Dark matter as a Weyl geometric effect
• The OCCASO survey: Presentation and radial velocities of twelve Milky Way Open Clusters
• Outer Rotation Curve of the Galaxy with VERA I: Trigonometric parallax of IRAS 05168+3634
• Fitting rotation curve of galaxies by de Rham-Gabadadze-Tolley massive gravity
• Constraining the Milky Way Halo Shape Using Thin Streams
• The simulation of molecular clouds formation in the Milky Way
• Trojans in the Solar Neighborhood
• Pseudo Rotation Curve connecting the Galaxy, Dark Halo, and Local Group
• Introducing galactic structure finder: the multiple stellar kinematic structures of a simulated Milky Way mass galaxy
• A Galaxy Model from 2MASS Star Counts in the Whole Sky Including the Plane
• gamma-rays from annihilating dark matter in galaxy clusters: stacking vs single source analysis
• A new model for gravitational potential perturbations in disks of spiral galaxies. An application to our Galaxy
• Satellites in MW-like hosts: Environment dependence and close pairs
• Models for the 3-D axisymmetric gravitational potential of the Milky Way Galaxy - A detailed modelling of the Galactic disk
• Gravitational Waves from Double White Dwarfs as probes of the Milky Way
• High-energy gamma-ray and neutrino production in star-forming galaxies across cosmic time: Difficulties in explaining the IceCube data
• Dark Matter Velocity Spectroscopy
• Milky Way rotation curve from proper motions of red clump giants
• Figuring Out Gas & Galaxies in Enzo (FOGGIE). III. The Mocky Way: Investigating Biases in Observing the Milky Way's Circumgalactic Medium
• A Schwarzschild model of the Galactic bar with initial density from N-body simulations
• The dark matter profile of the Milky Way: a non-parametric reconstruction
• A Kiloparsec-Scale Nuclear Stellar Disk in the Milky Way as a Possible Explanation of the High Velocity Peaks in the Galactic Bulge
• micrOMEGAs : a code for the calculation of Dark Matter properties in generic models of particle interaction
• The dynamical origin of the Local arm and the Sun's trapped orbit
• X-ray and radio observations of the magnetar Swift J1834.9-0846 and its dust-scattering halo
• The interstellar medium distribution, gas kinematics, and system dynamics of the far-infrared luminous quasar SDSS J2310+1855 at $z=6.0$
• Milky Way Accelerometry via Millisecond Pulsar Timing
• On local dark matter density
• $\text{galkin}$: a new compilation of the Milky Way rotation curve data
• Constraining the Gravitational Potential from the Projected Morphology of Extragalactic Tidal Streams
• The X-ray dust scattered rings of the black hole low mass binary V404 Cyg
• The Core-Cusp Problem Revisited: ULDM vs. CDM
• Chemical Study of the Metal-rich Globular Cluster NGC 5927
• The metallicity and distance of NGC 2403 from blue supergiants
• The Imprint of Spiral Arms on the Galactic Rotation Curve
• Clustering of Local Group distances: publication bias or correlated measurements? V. Galactic rotation constants
• GARROTXA Cosmological Simulations of Milky Way-sized Galaxies: General Properties, Hot Gas Distribution, and Missing Baryons
• Dark-matter dynamical friction versus gravitational-wave emission in the evolution of compact-star binaries
• Galactic Kinematics from a Sample of Young Massive Stars
• Modelling resonances and orbital chaos in disk galaxies. Application to a Milky Way spiral model
• Planet Occurrence Rate Correlated to Stellar Dynamical History: Evidence from Kepler and Gaia
• Gaia-DR2 extended kinematical maps. Part III: Rotation curves analysis, dark matter, and Modified Newtonian dynamics tests
• Systematic uncertainties from halo asphericity in dark matter searches
• Accuracy Diagrams for the Galactic Rotation Curve and Kinematical Distances
• A dynamics-free lower bound on the mass of our galaxy
• Cosmic clocks: A Tight Radius - Velocity Relationship for HI-Selected Galaxies
• The Dark Matter Density in the Solar Neighborhood reconsidered
• A Galactic Ring of Minimum Stellar Density Near the Solar Orbit Radius
• Dark Matter: The evidence from astronomy, astrophysics and cosmology
• H2O maser motions and the distance of the star forming region G192.16-3.84
• Strong lensing by fermionic dark matter in galaxies
• Milky Way Kinematics. II. A uniform inner Galaxy HI terminal velocity curve
• Testing the weak equivalence principle by differential measurements of fundamental constants in the Magellanic Clouds
• The structure and kinematics of the the Galaxy thin gaseous disc outside the solar orbit
• Black-hole spectroscopy: quasinormal modes, ringdown stability and the pseudospectrum
• Constraining primordial black holes as a fraction of dark matter through accretion disk luminosity
• Constraint on the mass of fuzzy dark matter from the rotation curve of the Milky Way
• Scalar field dark matter as an alternative explanation for the anisotropic distribution of satellite galaxies
• When Cold Radial Migration is Hot: Constraints from Resonant Overlap
• Eta-Earth Revisited II: Deriving a Maximum Number of Earth-like Habitats in the Galactic Disk
• Gravitational microlensing as a test of a finite-width disk model of the Galaxy
• On the Galactic rotation curve inferred from the Jeans equations Assessing its robustness using Gaia DR3 and cosmological simulations
• CO J=3-2 Emission from the "Water Fountain" Sources IRAS 16342-3814 and IRAS 18286-0959
• Near-Solar-Circle Method for Determination of the Galactic Constants
• Properties of Galactic Dark Matter: Constraints from Astronomical Observations
• Constraints on the electron-to-proton mass ratio variation at the epoch of reionization
• Impact of H${}_2$-driven star formation and stellar feedback from low-enrichment environments on the formation of spiral galaxies
• Transverse gradients of azimuthal velocity in a global disk model of the Milky Way
• On the Origin of the Monoceros Ring - I: Kinematics, proper motions, and the nature of the progenitor
• The local rotation curve of the Milky Way based on SEGUE and RAVE data
• Testing Weyl Gravity at Galactic and Extra-galactic Scales
• Tracing the co-evolution path of super massive black holes and spheroids with AKARI-selected ultra-luminous IR galaxies at intermediate redshifts
• Modelling mass distribution of the Milky Way galaxy using Gaia billion-star map
• Virial Sequences for Thick Discs and Haloes: Flattening and Global Anisotropy
• Impact of distance determinations on Galactic structure. II. Old tracers
• Integrability of motion around galactic razor-thin disks
• The imprint of arms and bars on rotation curves: in-plane and off-plane
• Radial velocities and metallicities from infrared Ca II triplet spectroscopy of open clusters II. Berkeley 23, King 1, NGC 559, NGC 6603 and NGC 7245
• Extremely Flat Haloes and the Shape of the Galaxy
• Testing the Dark Matter Caustic Theory Against Observations in the Milky Way
• Consequences for the Scalar Field Dark Matter model from The McGaugh Observed-Baryon Acceleration Correlation
• The Formation of a Milky Way-sized Disk Galaxy 1. A Comparison of Numerical Methods
• Ultra-fine dark matter structure in the Solar neighbourhood
• Ultra light Thomas-Fermi Dark Matter
• Analysis of H2O Masers in Sharpless 269 using VERA Archival data --- Effect of maser structures on astrometric accuracy
• Classical dynamics on three dimensional fuzzy space: Connecting the short and long length scales
• Highest-Resolution Rotation Curve of the Inner Milky Way proving the Galactic Shock Wave
• Design and Calibration of the 34 GHz Yale Microwave Cavity Experiment
• Bisymmetric normal modes in soft-centred and realistic galactic discs
• Self-gravitating systems in Extended Gravity
• Stellar Populations in a semi-analytic model I: bulges of Milky Way-like galaxies
• A new look at the long-period eclipsing binary V383 Sco
• Simulation-based population inference of LISA's Galactic binaries: Bypassing the global fit
• Prospects of newly detecting nearby star-forming galaxies by the Cherenkov Telescope Array
• Gaussian Processes, Median Statistics, Milky Way Rotation Curves
• Rotation Curve of the Milky Way and the Dark Matter Density
• Testing the weak equivalence principle with the binary neutron star merger GW170817: the gravitational contribution of the host galaxy
• Dynamical friction in rotating ultralight dark matter galactic cores
• On the stability criteria for equatorial circular orbits in Galactic Dynamics: I.Newtonian Thin Disks
• Broad-velocity-width Molecular Features in the Galactic Plane
• Astrometric mock observations for determining the local dark matter density
• The $\kappa$-model, a minimal model alternative to dark matter. Application to the galactic rotation problem
• The diffuse extragalactic gamma-ray background radiation: star-forming galaxies are not the dominant component
• Helium line detections from ELDWIM at 1.4 GHz
• The Stellar Population of the Galactic Bulge
• Implications of the Milky Way Declining Rotation Curve
• A survey of Radio Recombination Lines using Ooty Radio Telescope at 328 MHz in the Inner Galaxy
• RDM-stars and galactic rotation curves
• On dark stars, Planck cores and the nature of dark matter
• Galactic model with a phase transition from dark matter to dark energy
• The aluminium-26 distribution in a cosmological simulation of a Milky Way-type Galaxy
• The Local Dark Matter Density
• RDM-stars as sources of fast radio bursts
• The outer rotation curve project with VERA: Trigonometric parallax of IRAS 05168+3634
• Extragalactic Searches for Dark Matter Annihilation
• Determination of the best dark matter profile for the Milky Way with Gaia DR3 using Bayesian Model Comparison
• The Variable Sky Through the OGLE Eye
• Binary Source Lensing and the Repeating OGLE EWS Events