Rotation and Mass in the Milky Way and Spiral Galaxies

Abstract

[PASJ Review Paper] Rotation curves are the basic tool for deriving the distribution of mass in spiral galaxies. In this review, we describe various methods to measure rotation curves in the Milky Way and spiral galaxies. We then describe two major methods to calculate the mass distribution using the rotation curve. By the direct method, the mass is calculated from rotation velocities without employing mass models. By the decomposition method, the rotation curve is deconvolved into multiple mass components by model fitting assuming a black hole, bulge, exponential disk and dark halo. The decomposition is useful for statistical correlation analyses among the dynamical parameters of the mass components. We also review recent observations and derived results. ( Full resolution copy is available at URL: http://www.ioa.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp/~sofue/htdocs/PASJreview2016/ )

34 pages, 33 figures, 8 tables, PASJ Review Paper, in press, Full resolution copy at http://www.ioa.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp/~sofue/htdocs/PASJreview2016/

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• Highest-Resolution Rotation Curve of the Inner Milky Way proving the Galactic Shock Wave
• Galaxy Rotation Curve Fitting Using Machine Learning Tools
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• Rotation curves and dynamical masses of MaNGA barred galaxies
• A Full Accounting of the Visible Mass in SDSS MaNGA Disk Galaxies
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• Diverse Rotation Curves of Galaxies in a Simulated Universe: the Observed Dependence on Stellar Mass and Morphology Reproduced
• Modified Inertia as Nonconservative Newtonian Dynamics
• Solar System, Astrophysics, and Cosmology from the Derivative Expansion
• Measuring Mass of Gas in Central Galaxies using weak lensing and satellite kinematics in MOND
• A Natural Explanation of the VPOS from Multistate Scalar Field Dark Matter
• Newtonian Gravity and Galaxy Rotation Curves: An Axisymmetric Green's Function Perspective