Measuring Mass of Gas in Central Galaxies using weak lensing and satellite kinematics in MOND

Abstract

In Milgrom's modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND) framework, the dynamical mass of a galaxy is fully determined by its baryonic matter distribution. We fit the distribution of cold and hot gas halos, focusing on hot gas, around SDSS central galaxies using weak lensing signals from the DECaLS survey in MOND. The central galaxies are classified into two samples, the total galaxies and star-forming galaxies. We find that hot gas halo densities nearly follow Plummer's profile for both samples across all mass bins. The rotation curves of the galaxy samples are also demonstrated. The efficiency of converting gas into stars, $M_{\ast }/(M_{\ast }+M_{\mathrm{g}})$, is between 0.3 and 0.8 in all mass bins of the star-forming sample, which is higher than in the total sample. We also calculate gas mass using the satellite kinematics method in MOND. A constant, mildly radial anisotropy or isotropy in satellite motion leads to good agreement between the satellite kinematics and weak lensing methods. Combining both methods, we observe a baryonic mass to line-of-sight velocity dispersion of satellites ($M_{\mathrm{b}}$-${\sigma }_{\mathrm{s}}$) relation. In addition, we examine more sophisticated models in MOND, including external field effects and Osipkov-Merritt anisotropy profiles, and find them unnecessary. A simple, mildly radial constant anisotropic model or an isotropic model, even when isolated, already aligns with observations. The strong concordance between the two methods suggests that weak lensing signals reliably measure the dynamical mass of central galaxies and can constrain the distribution of missing baryons in galaxy clusters.

arXiv comment15 pages, 5 figures, 1 table, accepted for publication by the ApJ

References in corpus (81)

• emcee: The MCMC Hammer
• A Universal Density Profile from Hierarchical Clustering
• The Seventh Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
• A direct empirical proof of the existence of dark matter
• Overview of the DESI Legacy Imaging Surveys
• Chandra sample of nearby relaxed galaxy clusters: mass, gas fraction, and mass-temperature relation
• NYU-VAGC: a galaxy catalog based on new public surveys
• Galaxy Groups in the SDSS DR4: I. The Catalogue and Basic Properties
• Rotation Curves of Spiral Galaxies
• Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND): Observational Phenomenology and Relativistic Extensions
• Modified Newtonian Dynamics as an Alternative to Dark Matter
• The Baryon Census in a Multiphase Intergalactic Medium: 30% of the Baryons May Still Be Missing
• Dipole Anisotropy in the COBE DMR First-Year Sky Maps
• Dark matter in elliptical galaxies: II. Estimating the mass within the virial radius
• The Westerbork HI Survey of Spiral and Irregular Galaxies I. HI Imaging of Late-type Dwarf Galaxies
• Satellite Kinematics III: Halo Masses of Central Galaxies in SDSS
• Large Scale Structure in Bekenstein's theory of relativistic Modified Newtonian Dynamics
• New Lessons from the HI Size-Mass Relation of Galaxies
• A new relativistic theory for Modified Newtonian Dynamics
• The Structure of the Milky Way's Hot Gas Halo
• Cosmological parameters derived from the final (PR4) Planck data release
• Galaxies as simple dynamical systems: observational data disfavor dark matter and stochastic star formation
• Satellite Kinematics II: The Halo Mass-Luminosity Relation of Central Galaxies in SDSS
• Evidence for a ~300 Mpc Scale Under-density in the Local Galaxy Distribution
• On the Proof of Dark Matter, the Law of Gravity and the Mass of Neutrinos
• From galactic bars to the Hubble tension: weighing up the astrophysical evidence for Milgromian gravity
• The Extended Distribution of Baryons Around Galaxies
• Probing Dark Matter Haloes with Satellite Kinematics
• An observational and theoretical view of the radial distribution of HI gas in galaxies
• Velocity dispersion around ellipticals in MOND
• The KBC void and Hubble tension contradict $\Lambda$CDM on a Gpc scale $-$ Milgromian dynamics as a possible solution
• Dwarf Spheroidals in MOND
• A Study of the Dark Core in A520 with Hubble Space Telescope: The Mystery Deepens
• Weak Lensing by Galaxies in Groups and Clusters: I.--Theoretical Expectations
• Milky Way potentials in CDM and MOND. Is the Large Magellanic Cloud on a bound orbit?
• Physical properties underlying observed kinematics of satellite galaxies
• First test of Verlinde's theory of Emergent Gravity using Weak Gravitational Lensing measurements
• The failures of the standard model of cosmology require a new paradigm
• Galactic rotation curves, the baryon-to-dark-halo-mass relation and space-time scale invariance
• Rotation and Mass in the Milky Way and Spiral Galaxies
• MOND and the dynamics of NGC1052-DF2
• The Weak Lensing Radial Acceleration Relation: Constraining Modified Gravity and Cold Dark Matter theories with KiDS-1000
• Probing the Hot X-ray Corona around the Massive Spiral Galaxy, NGC 6753, Using Deep XMM-Newton observations
• Testing the MOND Paradigm of Modified Dynamics with Galaxy-Galaxy Gravitational Lensing
• The central surface density of "dark halos" predicted by MOND
• Testing Newtonian Gravity with AAOmega: Mass-to-Light Profiles of Four Globular Clusters
• Modified-dynamics predictions agree with ovservations of the HI kinematics in faint dwarf galaxies contrary to the conclusions of Lo Sargent and Young
• The eROSITA Final Equatorial Depth Survey (eFEDS): X-ray emission around star-forming and quiescent galaxies at $0.05<z<0.3$
• Loss of mass and stability of galaxies in MOND
• Indefinitely Flat Circular Velocities and the Baryonic Tully-Fisher Relation from Weak Lensing
• Constraining the Milky Way Mass Profile with Phase-Space Distribution of Satellite Galaxies
• Strong constraints on the gravitational law from $Gaia$ DR3 wide binaries
• A new formulation of the external field effect in MOND and numerical simulations of ultra-diffuse dwarf galaxies $-$ application to NGC 1052-DF2 and NGC 1052-DF4
• Satellite Kinematics I: A New Method to Constrain the Halo Mass-Luminosity Relation of Central Galaxies
• Gravitational lensing in modified Newtonian dynamics
• The outskirts of globular clusters as modified gravity probes
• Origin of the Local Group satellite planes
• Testing gravity with motion of satellites around galaxies: Newtonian gravity against Modified Newtonian Dynamics
• Structures in the Great Attractor Region
• Stellar streams as gravitational experiments I. The case of Sagittarius
• Using globular clusters to test gravity in the weak acceleration regime: NGC 7099
• Galaxy-galaxy weak-lensing measurement from SDSS: II. host halo properties of galaxy groups
• Updated Results on the Galaxy-Halo Connection from Satellite Kinematics in SDSS
• Velocity dispersions of dwarf spheroidal galaxies: dark matter versus MOND
• Massive Star-Forming Galaxies Have Converted Most of Their Halo Gas into Stars
• The Escape Velocity Curve of the Milky Way in Modified Newtonian Dynamics
• Numerical Solutions of the External Field Effect on the Radial Acceleration in Disk Galaxies
• The velocity distribution of SDSS satellites in MOND
• Aether scalar tensor theory: Linear stability on Minkowski space
• On the tension between the Radial Acceleration Relation and Solar System quadrupole in modified gravity MOND
• Radial acceleration relation of galaxies with joint kinematic and weak-lensing data
• Measuring galaxy cluster mass profiles into the low acceleration regime with galaxy kinematics
• The dynamical phase transitions of stellar systems and the corresponding kinetimacs
• The distribution of faint satellites around central galaxies in the CFHT Legacy Survey
• The Kennicutt-Schmidt law and the main sequence of galaxies in Newtonian and Milgromian dynamics
• Matter and twin matter in bimetric MOND
• Empirical constraints on alternative gravity theories from gravitational lensing
• The specific frequency and the globular cluster formation efficiency in Milgromian dynamics
• Probing modified Newtonian dynamics with hypervelocity stars
• Formation of collisional ring galaxies in Milgromian dynamics
• X-ray Halos around Massive Galaxies: Data and Theory